ServicePermission.java

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
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package javax.security.auth.kerberos;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectStreamField;
import java.security.Permission;
import java.security.PermissionCollection;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

/**
 * This class is used to protect Kerberos services and the
 * credentials necessary to access those services. There is a one to
 * one mapping of a service principal and the credentials necessary
 * to access the service. Therefore granting access to a service
 * principal implicitly grants access to the credential necessary to
 * establish a security context with the service principal. This
 * applies regardless of whether the credentials are in a cache
 * or acquired via an exchange with the KDC. The credential can
 * be either a ticket granting ticket, a service ticket or a secret
 * key from a key table.
 * <p>
 * A ServicePermission contains a service principal name and
 * a list of actions which specify the context the credential can be
 * used within.
 * <p>
 * The service principal name is the canonical name of the
 * {@code KerberosPrincipal} supplying the service, that is
 * the KerberosPrincipal represents a Kerberos service
 * principal. This name is treated in a case sensitive manner.
 * An asterisk may appear by itself, to signify any service principal.
 * <p>
 * Granting this permission implies that the caller can use a cached
 * credential (TGT, service ticket or secret key) within the context
 * designated by the action. In the case of the TGT, granting this
 * permission also implies that the TGT can be obtained by an
 * Authentication Service exchange.
 * <p>
 * Granting this permission also implies creating {@link KerberosPrincipal}
 * or {@link org.ietf.jgss.GSSName GSSName} without providing a Kerberos
 * realm, as long as the permission's service principal is in this realm.
 * <p>
 * The possible actions are:
 *
 * <pre>
 *    initiate -              allow the caller to use the credential to
 *                            initiate a security context with a service
 *                            principal.
 *
 *    accept -                allow the caller to use the credential to
 *                            accept security context as a particular
 *                            principal.
 * </pre>
 *
 * For example, to specify the permission to access to the TGT to
 * initiate a security context the permission is constructed as follows:
 *
 * <pre>
 *     ServicePermission("krbtgt/EXAMPLE.COM@EXAMPLE.COM", "initiate");
 * </pre>
 * <p>
 * To obtain a service ticket to initiate a context with the "host"
 * service the permission is constructed as follows:
 * <pre>
 *     ServicePermission("host/foo.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM", "initiate");
 * </pre>
 * <p>
 * For a Kerberized server the action is "accept". For example, the permission
 * necessary to access and use the secret key of the  Kerberized "host"
 * service (telnet and the likes)  would be constructed as follows:
 *
 * <pre>
 *     ServicePermission("host/foo.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM", "accept");
 * </pre>
 *
 * @since 1.4
 */

public final class ServicePermission extends Permission
    implements java.io.Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -1227585031618624935L;

    /**
     * Initiate a security context to the specified service
     */
    private final static int INITIATE   = 0x1;

    /**
     * Accept a security context
     */
    private final static int ACCEPT     = 0x2;

    /**
     * All actions
     */
    private final static int ALL        = INITIATE|ACCEPT;

    /**
     * No actions.
     */
    private final static int NONE    = 0x0;

    // the actions mask
    private transient int mask;

    /**
     * the actions string.
     *
     * @serial
     */

    private String actions; // Left null as long as possible, then
                            // created and re-used in the getAction function.

    /**
     * Create a new {@code ServicePermission}
     * with the specified {@code servicePrincipal}
     * and {@code action}.
     *
     * @param servicePrincipal the name of the service principal.
     * An asterisk may appear by itself, to signify any service principal.
     *
     * @param action the action string
     */
    public ServicePermission(String servicePrincipal, String action) {
        // Note: servicePrincipal can be "@REALM" which means any principal in
        // this realm implies it. action can be "-" which means any
        // action implies it.
        super(servicePrincipal);
        init(servicePrincipal, getMask(action));
    }

    /**
     * Creates a ServicePermission object with the specified servicePrincipal
     * and a pre-calculated mask. Avoids the overhead of re-computing the mask.
     * Called by ServicePermissionCollection.
     */
    ServicePermission(String servicePrincipal, int mask) {
        super(servicePrincipal);
        init(servicePrincipal, mask);
    }

    /**
     * Initialize the ServicePermission object.
     */
    private void init(String servicePrincipal, int mask) {

        if (servicePrincipal == null)
                throw new NullPointerException("service principal can't be null");

        if ((mask & ALL) != mask)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid actions mask");

        this.mask = mask;
    }


    /**
     * Checks if this Kerberos service permission object "implies" the
     * specified permission.
     * <P>
     * More specifically, this method returns true if all of the following
     * are true (and returns false if any of them are not):
     * <ul>
     * <li> <i>p</i> is an instanceof {@code ServicePermission},
     * <li> <i>p</i>'s actions are a proper subset of this
     * {@code ServicePermission}'s actions,
     * <li> <i>p</i>'s name is equal to this {@code ServicePermission}'s name
     * or this {@code ServicePermission}'s name is "*".
     * </ul>
     *
     * @param p the permission to check against.
     *
     * @return true if the specified permission is implied by this object,
     * false if not.
     */
    @Override
    public boolean implies(Permission p) {
        if (!(p instanceof ServicePermission))
            return false;

        ServicePermission that = (ServicePermission) p;

        return ((this.mask & that.mask) == that.mask) &&
            impliesIgnoreMask(that);
    }


    boolean impliesIgnoreMask(ServicePermission p) {
        if ((this.getName().equals("*")) ||
	     this.getName().equals(p.getName()) ||
	     (p.getName().startsWith("@") &&
	             this.getName().endsWith(p.getName())))
            return true;

        /*
         * Empty realm in this or p is a wild-card.  This is needed to support
         * non-Kerberos ServicePermissions for GSS (a band-aid until we can
         * implement a proper GssAcceptorPermission class), but also because
         * users may not know and might not care what realm the service is in,
         * especially when they are using a keytab.
         *
         * If the user is using a password, then the realm matters more.  An
         * untrusted actor could cause KDCs for a realm they control to see
         * material they could attack offline, but that was already the case
         * anyways, and the answer is the same in all cases: use stronger
         * passwords, use randomized keys in a keytab, or let us implement
         * SPAKE or similar alternatives to the venerable PA-ENC-TIMESTAMP.
         */
        if ((this.getName().equals("krbtgt/@") &&
             p.getName().startsWith("krbtgt/")) ||
            (p.getName().equals("krbtgt/@") &&
             this.getName().startsWith("krbtgt/")))
            return true;

        char[] n = this.getName().toCharArray();
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < n.length; i++) {
            if (n[i] == '\\') {
                i++;
                continue;
            }
            if (n[i] == '@') {
                String s = new String(n, 0, i + 1);
                return (p.getName().startsWith(s) &&
                    (p.getName().equals(s) || this.getName().equals(s)));
            }
        }

        // No realm, not even empty -> fail
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Checks two ServicePermission objects for equality.
     *
     * @param obj the object to test for equality with this object.
     *
     * @return true if {@code obj} is a ServicePermission, and has the
     *  same service principal, and actions as this
     * ServicePermission object.
     */
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (obj == this)
            return true;

        if (! (obj instanceof ServicePermission))
            return false;

        ServicePermission that = (ServicePermission) obj;
        return ((this.mask & that.mask) == that.mask) &&
            this.getName().equals(that.getName());


    }

    /**
     * Returns the hash code value for this object.
     *
     * @return a hash code value for this object.
     */
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return (getName().hashCode() ^ mask);
    }


    /**
     * Returns the "canonical string representation" of the actions in the
     * specified mask.
     * Always returns present actions in the following order:
     * initiate, accept.
     *
     * @param mask a specific integer action mask to translate into a string
     * @return the canonical string representation of the actions
     */
    static String getActions(int mask)
    {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        boolean comma = false;

        if ((mask & INITIATE) == INITIATE) {
            if (comma) sb.append(',');
            else comma = true;
            sb.append("initiate");
        }

        if ((mask & ACCEPT) == ACCEPT) {
            if (comma) sb.append(',');
            else comma = true;
            sb.append("accept");
        }

        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the canonical string representation of the actions.
     * Always returns present actions in the following order:
     * initiate, accept.
     */
    @Override
    public String getActions() {
        if (actions == null)
            actions = getActions(this.mask);

        return actions;
    }


    /**
     * Returns a PermissionCollection object for storing
     * ServicePermission objects.
     * <br>
     * ServicePermission objects must be stored in a manner that
     * allows them to be inserted into the collection in any order, but
     * that also enables the PermissionCollection implies method to
     * be implemented in an efficient (and consistent) manner.
     *
     * @return a new PermissionCollection object suitable for storing
     * ServicePermissions.
     */
    @Override
    public PermissionCollection newPermissionCollection() {
        return new KrbServicePermissionCollection();
    }

    /**
     * Return the current action mask.
     *
     * @return the actions mask.
     */
    int getMask() {
        return mask;
    }

    /**
     * Convert an action string to an integer actions mask.
     *
     * Note: if action is "-", action will be NONE, which means any
     * action implies it.
     *
     * @param action the action string.
     * @return the action mask
     */
    private static int getMask(String action) {

        if (action == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("action can't be null");
        }

        if (action.equals("")) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("action can't be empty");
        }

        int mask = NONE;

        char[] a = action.toCharArray();

        if (a.length == 1 && a[0] == '-') {
            return mask;
        }

        int i = a.length - 1;

        while (i != -1) {
            char c;

            // skip whitespace
            while ((i!=-1) && ((c = a[i]) == ' ' ||
                               c == '\r' ||
                               c == '\n' ||
                               c == '\f' ||
                               c == '\t'))
                i--;

            // check for the known strings
            int matchlen;

            if (i >= 7 && (a[i-7] == 'i' || a[i-7] == 'I') &&
                          (a[i-6] == 'n' || a[i-6] == 'N') &&
                          (a[i-5] == 'i' || a[i-5] == 'I') &&
                          (a[i-4] == 't' || a[i-4] == 'T') &&
                          (a[i-3] == 'i' || a[i-3] == 'I') &&
                          (a[i-2] == 'a' || a[i-2] == 'A') &&
                          (a[i-1] == 't' || a[i-1] == 'T') &&
                          (a[i] == 'e' || a[i] == 'E'))
            {
                matchlen = 8;
                mask |= INITIATE;

            } else if (i >= 5 && (a[i-5] == 'a' || a[i-5] == 'A') &&
                                 (a[i-4] == 'c' || a[i-4] == 'C') &&
                                 (a[i-3] == 'c' || a[i-3] == 'C') &&
                                 (a[i-2] == 'e' || a[i-2] == 'E') &&
                                 (a[i-1] == 'p' || a[i-1] == 'P') &&
                                 (a[i] == 't' || a[i] == 'T'))
            {
                matchlen = 6;
                mask |= ACCEPT;

            } else {
                // parse error
                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        "invalid permission: " + action);
            }

            // make sure we didn't just match the tail of a word
            // like "ackbarfaccept".  Also, skip to the comma.
            boolean seencomma = false;
            while (i >= matchlen && !seencomma) {
                switch(a[i-matchlen]) {
                case ',':
                    seencomma = true;
                    break;
                case ' ': case '\r': case '\n':
                case '\f': case '\t':
                    break;
                default:
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                            "invalid permission: " + action);
                }
                i--;
            }

            // point i at the location of the comma minus one (or -1).
            i -= matchlen;
        }

        return mask;
    }


    /**
     * WriteObject is called to save the state of the ServicePermission
     * to a stream. The actions are serialized, and the superclass
     * takes care of the name.
     */
    private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
        throws IOException
    {
        // Write out the actions. The superclass takes care of the name
        // call getActions to make sure actions field is initialized
        if (actions == null)
            getActions();
        s.defaultWriteObject();
    }

    /**
     * readObject is called to restore the state of the
     * ServicePermission from a stream.
     */
    private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
         throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException
    {
        // Read in the action, then initialize the rest
        s.defaultReadObject();
        init(getName(),getMask(actions));
    }


    /*
      public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
      ServicePermission this_ =
      new ServicePermission(args[0], "accept");
      ServicePermission that_ =
      new ServicePermission(args[1], "accept,initiate");
      System.out.println("-----\n");
      System.out.println("this.implies(that) = " + this_.implies(that_));
      System.out.println("-----\n");
      System.out.println("this = "+this_);
      System.out.println("-----\n");
      System.out.println("that = "+that_);
      System.out.println("-----\n");

      KrbServicePermissionCollection nps =
      new KrbServicePermissionCollection();
      nps.add(this_);
      nps.add(new ServicePermission("nfs/example.com@EXAMPLE.COM",
      "accept"));
      nps.add(new ServicePermission("host/example.com@EXAMPLE.COM",
      "initiate"));
      System.out.println("nps.implies(that) = " + nps.implies(that_));
      System.out.println("-----\n");

      Enumeration e = nps.elements();

      while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
      ServicePermission x =
      (ServicePermission) e.nextElement();
      System.out.println("nps.e = " + x);
      }

      }
    */

}


final class KrbServicePermissionCollection extends PermissionCollection
    implements java.io.Serializable {

    // Key is the service principal, value is the ServicePermission.
    // Not serialized; see serialization section at end of class
    private transient ConcurrentHashMap<String, Permission> perms;

    public KrbServicePermissionCollection() {
        perms = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
    }

    /**
     * Check and see if this collection of permissions implies the permissions
     * expressed in "permission".
     *
     * @param permission the Permission object to compare
     *
     * @return true if "permission" is a proper subset of a permission in
     * the collection, false if not.
     */
    @Override
    public boolean implies(Permission permission) {
        if (! (permission instanceof ServicePermission))
            return false;

        ServicePermission np = (ServicePermission) permission;
        int desired = np.getMask();

        if (desired == 0) {
            for (Permission p: perms.values()) {
                ServicePermission sp = (ServicePermission)p;
                if (sp.impliesIgnoreMask(np)) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }


        // first, check for wildcard principal
        ServicePermission x = (ServicePermission)perms.get("*");
        if (x != null) {
            if ((x.getMask() & desired) == desired) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        // otherwise, check for match on principal
        x = (ServicePermission)perms.get(np.getName());
        if (x != null) {
            //System.out.println("  trying "+x);
            if ((x.getMask() & desired) == desired) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Adds a permission to the ServicePermissions. The key for
     * the hash is the name.
     *
     * @param permission the Permission object to add.
     *
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException - if the permission is not a
     *                                       ServicePermission
     *
     * @exception SecurityException - if this PermissionCollection object
     *                                has been marked readonly
     */
    @Override
    public void add(Permission permission) {
        if (! (permission instanceof ServicePermission))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid permission: "+
                                               permission);
        if (isReadOnly())
            throw new SecurityException("attempt to add a Permission to a readonly PermissionCollection");

        ServicePermission sp = (ServicePermission)permission;
        String princName = sp.getName();

        // Add permission to map if it is absent, or replace with new
        // permission if applicable. NOTE: cannot use lambda for
        // remappingFunction parameter until JDK-8076596 is fixed.
        perms.merge(princName, sp,
            new java.util.function.BiFunction<>() {
                @Override
                public Permission apply(Permission existingVal,
                                        Permission newVal) {
                    int oldMask = ((ServicePermission)existingVal).getMask();
                    int newMask = ((ServicePermission)newVal).getMask();
                    if (oldMask != newMask) {
                        int effective = oldMask | newMask;
                        if (effective == newMask) {
                            return newVal;
                        }
                        if (effective != oldMask) {
                            return new ServicePermission(princName, effective);
                        }
                    }
                    return existingVal;
                }
            }
        );
    }

    /**
     * Returns an enumeration of all the ServicePermission objects
     * in the container.
     *
     * @return an enumeration of all the ServicePermission objects.
     */
    @Override
    public Enumeration<Permission> elements() {
        return perms.elements();
    }

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -4118834211490102011L;

    // Need to maintain serialization interoperability with earlier releases,
    // which had the serializable field:
    // private Vector permissions;

    /**
     * @serialField permissions java.util.Vector
     *     A list of ServicePermission objects.
     */
    private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields = {
        new ObjectStreamField("permissions", Vector.class),
    };

    /**
     * @serialData "permissions" field (a Vector containing the ServicePermissions).
     */
    /*
     * Writes the contents of the perms field out as a Vector for
     * serialization compatibility with earlier releases.
     */
    private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream out) throws IOException {
        // Don't call out.defaultWriteObject()

        // Write out Vector
        Vector<Permission> permissions = new Vector<>(perms.values());

        ObjectOutputStream.PutField pfields = out.putFields();
        pfields.put("permissions", permissions);
        out.writeFields();
    }

    /*
     * Reads in a Vector of ServicePermissions and saves them in the perms field.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    private void readObject(ObjectInputStream in)
        throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException
    {
        // Don't call defaultReadObject()

        // Read in serialized fields
        ObjectInputStream.GetField gfields = in.readFields();

        // Get the one we want
        Vector<Permission> permissions =
                (Vector<Permission>)gfields.get("permissions", null);
        perms = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(permissions.size());
        for (Permission perm : permissions) {
            perms.put(perm.getName(), perm);
        }
    }
}