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<!doctype html>
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<header>
<h1>Tyler Ransom</h1>
<p>Associate Professor of Economics<br>University of Oklahoma</p>
<p>Research Fellow<br><a href="https://www.iza.org/person/24155/tyler-ransom">IZA@LISER</a></p>
<p>Fellow<br><a href="https://glabor.org/user/tyleransom/">Global Labor Organization (GLO)</a></p>
<h3><a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/">Home</a></h3>
<h3><a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research.html">Research</a></h3>
<h3><a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/CV.pdf">CV</a></h3>
<h3><a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/code.html">Code</a></h3>
<h3><a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/teaching.html">Teaching</a></h3>
<h3><a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/personal.html">Personal</a></h3>
<b>Social</b><br>
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<p><b>Contact:</b><br>Department of Economics<br>University of Oklahoma<br>322 CCD1, 308 Cate Center Drive<br>Norman, OK 73072</p>
<p><small>Hosted on GitHub Pages — Theme by <a href="https://github.com/orderedlist">orderedlist</a></small></p>
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<section>
<!-- No R&Rs or WPs at the moment
<h2><a id="recent-RRs-updated" class="anchor" href="#RRpapers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Papers under Revision to Resubmit</h2>
<p style="margin:0"> Coming soon. <br> <br>
<hr>
-->
<h2><a id="recent-papers-updated" class="anchor" href="#workingpapers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Working Papers</h2>
<p style="margin:0"> <a style="margin:0; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold" href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/usna-racial-preferences.pdf">Racial Preferences Under Admissions Constraints: Evidence from the U.S. Naval Academy</a> <br> with <a href="http://public.econ.duke.edu/~psarcidi/">Peter Arcidiacono</a> and <a href="https://rse.anu.edu.au/about/staff-directory/matthew-lilley">Matthew Lilley</a> <br> Under Review <br> (updated January 31, 2026) <br><button class="accordion">
Abstract
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> The United States Naval Academy (USNA) has strict rules on how to conduct admissions, especially with regard to race. Using data from five admissions cycles made public through a recent admissions lawsuit, we document substantial racial preferences for all non-White groups throughout the admissions process despite these constraints. After removing applicants who are recruited athletes or coming from one of the Naval Academy's preparatory programs, only 1 in 3 current Black admits would gain admission absent racial preferences, compared to 2 in 3 Hispanic and Asian American admits. Further, we find racial preferences in parts of the admissions process where the use of race is specifically prohibited under Federal law. </p></div><br>
<p style="margin:0"> <a style="margin:0; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold" href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/why-people-dont-move.pdf">New Developments in Understanding Why People Don't Move</a> <br> Under Review <br> (updated January 30, 2026) <br><button class="accordion">
Abstract
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> This paper provides a non-technical summary of recent research on why people stay put rather than move, even in the face of adverse local economic shocks. I compare three frameworks for understanding migration: the moving costs model, the spatial frictions model, and a newer approach called the SPACE model. The models differ in their explanations of why individuals stay put. The moving costs model emphasizes financial or psychological barriers to migration, the spatial frictions model emphasizes lack of information or job opportunities, and the SPACE model emphasizes persistent preferences for one's current location. While empirical evidence suggests the SPACE model best explains observed migration patterns, all three mechanisms operate simultaneously. Therefore, successful regional policies should address all three: reducing barriers, providing information, and building community ties that make locations persistently attractive. </p></div><br>
<p style="margin:0"> <a style="margin:0; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold" href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/college-sports-SES.pdf">Do Elite Universities Pick Sports to Pick Students? Athletic Admissions and SES Targeting</a> <br> with <a href="https://ahmedelfatmaoui.github.io/">Ahmed El Fatmaoui</a> <br> Revised & Resubmitted, <i>Review of Industrial Organization</i> <br> (updated December 22, 2025) <br><button class="accordion">
Abstract
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> This study investigates the extent to which U.S. universities strategically use athletic admissions to shape the socioeconomic status (SES) of their student bodies. Using a novel dataset linking NCAA roster data to neighborhood characteristics, we document substantial SES segregation across sports and universities. More selective institutions, particularly elite private universities, allocate up to 30% of enrollment to athletes who typically come from higher-SES backgrounds than their non-athlete peers. However, contrary to popular belief, we find that elite institutions enroll similarly wealthy athletes across all sports. Estimates of our structural model of sports bundle choice reveal that this SES homogeneity across sports limits universities' ability to systematically choose sports offerings to target higher-SES students. Counterfactual analyses demonstrate that athletic enrollment caps would create additional seats for non-athletes but require complementary policies to meaningfully impact socioeconomic mobility. </p></div><br>
<p style="margin:0"> <a style="margin:0; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold" href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/obesity-seed-oils.pdf">Are Vegetable Seed Oils Fueling the Obesity Epidemic?</a> <br> with Tucker Goodrich <br> (updated December 3, 2024) <br><button class="accordion">
Abstract
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> We argue that increased consumption of vegetable seed oils high in omega-6 polyunsaturated fats has driven obesity in the United States, a link overlooked in the economics literature. Obesity rates have closely tracked the level of seed oils in the food supply since 1960, while diverging from calorie intake and exercise trends post-2000. We present evidence from biochemistry supporting this hypothesis, demonstrating how seed oils disrupt metabolism, fat storage, and other biochemical processes. We document supporting evidence of these mechanisms in economics research and population health trends. We then develop a conceptual theory of imperfect information to explain consumer overconsumption of these oils, considering the interactions among food and drug companies, scientists, government regulators, and medical providers in shaping dietary information and the overall food supply. Finally, we discuss policy implications, emphasizing the need for a coordinated approach. </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Slides
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/ASHEcon-2025-seed-oils-presentation.pdf">ASHEcon 2025 presentation</a> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Media coverage
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9rL5YFgOFK0"><i>The EconBuff Podcast</i></a> </p></div><br>
<hr>
<h2><a id="published-papers-updated" class="anchor" href="#publications" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Published & Forthcoming Papers</h2>
<p style="margin:0"> <a style="margin:0; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/732526">College Attrition and the Dynamics of Information Revelation</a> <br> with <a href="http://public.econ.duke.edu/~psarcidi/">Peter Arcidiacono</a>, <a href="https://sites.google.com/site/estebanmaucejo/">Esteban Aucejo</a>, and <a href="http://www.amaurel.net/">Arnaud Maurel</a> <br> <i>Journal of Political Economy</i>, 2025, 133 (1): 53–110. <br><button class="accordion">
Abstract
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> We examine how informational frictions impact schooling and work outcomes. To do so, we estimate a dynamic structural model where individuals face uncertainty about their academic ability and productivity, which respectively determine their schooling utility and wages. Our framework accounts for heterogeneity in college types and majors, as well as occupational search frictions and work hours. Individuals learn from grades and wages in a correlated manner, and may change their choices as a result. Removing informational frictions would increase the college graduation rate by 4.4 percentage points, which would increase further by 2 percentage points in the absence of search frictions. Providing students with full information about their abilities would also result in large increases in the college and white-collar wage premia, while reducing the college graduation gap by family income. </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Replication files
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://github.com/tyleransom/Dropout-JPE/releases/tag/v1.0">GitHub repository</a> <br> <a href="https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.7910/DVN/THFJTZ">Harvard Dataverse repository</a> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
BibTeX citation
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <pre> <code>
@article{AHMR2025,
author = {Arcidiacono, Peter and Aucejo, Esteban and Maurel, Arnaud and Ransom, Tyler},
title = {College Attrition and the Dynamics of Information Revelation},
journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
volume = {133},
number = {1},
pages = {53--110},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1086/732526}
}
</code> </pre> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Other versions
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w22325">NBER Working Paper No. 22325</a> (June 2016) <br> <a href="https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/16585/college-attrition-and-the-dynamics-of-information-revelation">IZA Discussion Paper No. 16585</a> (November 2023) <br> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/CollegeDropout2024Jan31.pdf">Accepted Version</a> (January 2024) </p></div><br>
<p style="margin:0"> <a style="margin:0; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold" href="https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0421-11641R1">Divergent: The Time Path of Legacy and Athlete Admissions at Harvard</a> <br> with <a href="http://public.econ.duke.edu/~psarcidi/">Peter Arcidiacono</a> and <a href="http://www.terry.uga.edu/directory/economics/josh-kinsler">Josh Kinsler</a> <br> <i>Journal of Human Resources</i>, 2024, 59 (3): 653–683. <b>(Lead Article)</b> <br><button class="accordion">
Abstract
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> We examine how increased admissions competition at elite US colleges has affected the admissions advantage that legacies and athletes (LA) receive. Using 18 years of Harvard admissions data, we show that non-legacy, non-athlete (NLNA) applications expanded while LA applications remained flat. Yet, the share of LA admits remained stable, implying substantial <i>increases</i> in LA admissions advantages. These facts imply a strong degree of complementarity in the number of LA admits and overall admit quality. If the admissions advantages for LA applicants had been constant throughout this period, there would have been a large increase in the number of minority admits. </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Online Appendix
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/DivergentOnlineAppendix.pdf">Online Appendix</a> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Replication files
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://github.com/tyleransom/Divergent-JHR/releases/tag/v1.0">Data & code for replication</a> <br> <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5764855"><img src="https://zenodo.org/badge/435621674.svg" alt="DOI"></a> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
BibTeX citation
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <pre> <code>
@article{AKR2024JHR,
author = {Arcidiacono, Peter and Kinsler, Josh and Ransom, Tyler},
title = {Divergent: The Time Path of Legacy and Athlete Admissions at Harvard},
journal = {Journal of Human Resources},
volume = {59},
number = {3},
pages = {653--683},
year = {2024},
doi = {10.3368/jhr.0421-11641R1}
}
</code> </pre> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Other versions
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/divergent.pdf">Accepted version</a> (December 2021) <br> <a href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w26315">NBER Working Paper No. 26315</a> (September 2019) <br> <a href="https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/12634/divergent-the-time-path-of-legacy-and-athlete-admissions-at-harvard">IZA Discussion Paper No. 12634</a> <br> <a href="https://hceconomics.uchicago.edu/research/working-paper/divergent-time-path-legacy-and-athlete-admissions-harvard">HCEO Working Paper No. 2019-081</a> (December 2019) </p></div><br>
<p style="margin:0"> <a style="margin:0; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/725336">What the Students for Fair Admissions Cases Reveal About Racial Preferences</a> <br> with <a href="http://public.econ.duke.edu/~psarcidi/">Peter Arcidiacono</a> and <a href="http://www.terry.uga.edu/directory/economics/josh-kinsler">Josh Kinsler</a> <br> <i>Journal of Political Economy Microeconomics</i>, 2023, 1 (4): 615–668. <b>(Lead Article)</b> <br><button class="accordion">
Abstract
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> Using detailed admissions data made public in the <i>SFFA v. Harvard</i> and <i>SFFA v. UNC</i> cases, we examine how racial preferences for under-represented minorities (URMs) affect their admissions to Harvard and UNC-Chapel Hill. At Harvard, the admit rates for typical African American applicants are on average over four times larger than if they had been treated as white. For typical Hispanic applicants the increase is 2.4 times. At UNC, preferences vary substantially by whether the applicant is in-state or out-of-state. For in-state applicants, racial preferences result in an over 70% increase in the African American admit rate. For out-of-state applicants, the increase is more than tenfold. Both universities provide larger racial preferences to URMs from higher socioeconomic backgrounds. </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Other versions
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <br> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/racialpref.pdf">Accepted version</a> (March 2023) <br> <a href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w29964">NBER Working Paper No. 29964</a> (April 2022) <br> <a href="https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/15240/what-the-students-for-fair-admissions-cases-reveal-about-racial-preferences">IZA Discussion Paper No. 15240</a> (April 2022) </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Video presentation
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <br> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9gMyiAEtus">Hoover Institution</a> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Replication files
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.7910/DVN/RENDVH">Data & code for replication</a> (Harvard Dataverse)</p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
BibTeX citation
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <pre> <code>
@article{AKR2023,
author = {Arcidiacono, Peter and Kinsler, Josh and Ransom, Tyler},
title = {What the Students for Fair Admissions Cases Reveal about Racial Preferences},
journal = {Journal of Political Economy Microeconomics},
volume = {1},
number = {4},
pages = {615--668},
year = {2023},
doi = {10.1086/725336}
}
</code> </pre> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Media coverage
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2022/05/how-strong-are-the-racial-preferences-of-universities.html"><i>Marginal Revolution</i></a> <br> <a href="https://www.insidehighered.com/admissions/article/2022/05/02/study-sees-advantages-black-and-latinx-applicants-harvard-unc"><i>Inside Higher Ed</i></a> <br> <a href="https://www.audible.com/pd/Ep-55-Dr-Peter-Arcidiacono-Featured-Guest-Interview-Podcast/B09Z7V1H2H"><i>The Economics Review</i> podcast</a> <br> <a href="https://www.educationnext.org/the-education-exchange-how-race-factors-into-college-admissions/"><i>The Education Exchange</i> podcast</a> <br> <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mediocracy-and-affirmative-action-part-5/id1581181836?i=1000561519927"><i>The Genius of Thomas Sowell</i> podcast</a> <br> <a href="https://www.yahoo.com/video/court-documents-racial-preferences-massively-133000831.html"><i>Yahoo! News</i></a> </p></div><br>
<p style="margin:0"> <a style="margin:0; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1048984322000765">Instrumental Variables Estimation: Assumptions, Pitfalls, and Guidelines</a> <br> with <a href="https://www.kuleuven.be/wieiswie/en/person/00144209">Nicolas Bastardoz</a>, <a href="https://www.ou.edu/price/mis/people/mis_PhD_program_studentprofiles/michael-matthews">Michael Matthews</a>, <a href="https://escp.eu/sajons-gwendolin">Gwendolin Sajons</a>, <a href="https://cba.k-state.edu/about/faculty-staff/directory/Tom-Kelemen.html">Tom Kelemen</a>, and <a href="https://www.gonzaga.edu/school-of-business-administration/faculty/detail/matthewss">Sam Matthews</a> <br> <i>The Leadership Quarterly</i>, 2023, 34 (1): 101673. <br><button class="accordion">
Abstract
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> Researchers striving to ensure rigor in their scientific findings face a common pitfall: Endogeneity. To tackle this problem, scholars have increasingly adopted instrumental variables estimation (IVE). Although there are many published works showing how IVE should be used, many applied researchers still have trouble understanding how to use the method correctly. In this article, we provide a methodological overview of IVE by discussing the underlying conditions valid instruments must satisfy as well as common mistakes made in using IVE. Using simulated data, we further demonstrate the sensitivity of IVE to violations of its conditions. We then take stock of the literature in a social science discipline (i.e., leadership research) and provide insights regarding trends and shortcomings in the application of IVE. We conclude by providing non-technical guidelines useful for applied social science researchers to ensure they use IVE correctly. </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Online Appendix and Replication Files
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://osf.io/amqzh/">Online Appendix and Replication Files (OSF)</a> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
BibTeX citation
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <pre> <code>
@article{bastardoz_al2023LQ,
author = {Nicolas Bastardoz and Michael J. Matthews and Gwendolin Sajons and Tyler Ransom and Thomas K. Kelemen and Samuel H. Matthews},
title = {Instrumental Variables Estimation: Assumptions, Pitfalls, and Guidelines},
journal = {The Leadership Quarterly},
volume = {34},
number = {1},
pages = {101673},
year = {2023},
note = {The Leadership Quarterly Yearly Review (LQYR) for 2023.},
doi = {10.1016/j.leaqua.2022.101673}
}
</code> </pre> </p></div><br>
<p style="margin:0"> <a style="margin:0; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2020.07.056">Understanding Migration Aversion Using Elicited Counterfactual Choice Probabilities</a> <br> with <a href="https://www.newyorkfed.org/research/economists/kosar">Gizem Koşar</a> and <a href="https://www.newyorkfed.org/research/economists/vanderklaauw">Wilbert van der Klaauw</a> <br> <i>Journal of Econometrics</i>, 2022, 231 (1): 123–147. <br><button class="accordion">
Abstract
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p>This paper investigates how migration and location choice decisions depend on a large set of location characteristics, with particular focus on measuring the importance and nature of non-monetary costs of moving. We employ a stated-preference approach to elicit respondents' choice probabilities for a set of hypothetical choice scenarios, using two waves from the NY Fed's Survey of Consumer Expectations. Our stated probabilistic choice approach allows us to recover the distribution of individual-level preferences for location and mobility attributes without concerns about omitted variables and selection biases that hamper analyses based on observed mobility choices alone. We estimate substantial heterogeneity in the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for location characteristics and in moving costs, both across and within demographic groups. We find moving costs to be strongly associated with attachment to the current neighborhood and dwelling and to social networks. Our results indicate evidence of sorting into current locations based on preferences for location attributes as well as a strong negative association between respondents' non-monetary moving costs and their moving expectations and actual mobility decisions. </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Online Appendix
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/SCEonlineAppendix.pdf">Online Appendix</a> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Replication files
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://github.com/tyleransom/JE-SCE-Migration/releases/tag/1.0">Data & code for replication</a> <br> <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3960244"><img src="https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.3960244.svg" alt="DOI"></a> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
BibTeX citation
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <pre> <code>
@article{kosar_al2022,
author = {Gizem Ko\c{s}ar and Tyler Ransom and Wilbert {van der Klaauw}},
title = {Understanding Migration Aversion Using Elicited Counterfactual Choice Probabilities},
journal = {Journal of Econometrics},
volume = {231},
number = {1},
pages = {123--147},
year = {2022},
note = {Annals Issue: Subjective Expectations \& Probabilities in Economics.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jeconom.2020.07.056}
}
</code> </pre> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Other versions
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/SCE_migration.pdf">Preprint</a> (June 22, 2020) <br> <a href="http://www.cesifo.org/DocDL/cesifo1_wp8117_0.pdf">CESifo Working Paper No. 8117</a> (February 2020) <br> <a href="https://www.newyorkfed.org/research/staff_reports/sr883.html">New York Fed Staff Report No. 883</a> (April 2019) <br> <a href="http://ftp.iza.org/dp12271.pdf">IZA Discussion Paper No. 12271</a> (April 2019) </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Media coverage
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://www.citylab.com/life/2019/05/moving-location-new-city-how-much-cost-mobile-rooted-stuck/590521/"><i>CityLab</i></a> </p></div><br>
<p style="margin:0"> <a style="margin:0; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0272775722000322">Recruit to Reject? Harvard and African American Applicants</a> <br> with <a href="http://public.econ.duke.edu/~psarcidi/">Peter Arcidiacono</a> and <a href="http://www.terry.uga.edu/directory/economics/josh-kinsler">Josh Kinsler</a> <br> <i>Economics of Education Review</i>, 2022, 88: 102255. <br> Guest column at <a href="https://voxeu.org/article/recruiting-practices-elite-universities-case-harvard"><i>VoxEU</i></a> <br><button class="accordion">
Abstract
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> Elite colleges in the US have seen dramatic increases in applications over the past few decades, in part the result of expanded applicant recruiting. However, broadening the applicant pool while also maintaining diversity may require encouraging applications from individuals who have little to no chance of admission. We shed new light on this behavior using detailed data on Harvard University that was made public as part of the <i>SFFA v. Harvard</i> lawsuit. We show that Harvard encourages applications from many students who effectively have no chance of being admitted, and that this is particularly true for African Americans. After a 28-year period where the African American share of applicants to Harvard was roughly stable, the African American share of applicants grew by almost 57% over four years. Yet, there was little change in the share of admits who were African American, consistent with our finding that the increase in applications was driven by those with lower SAT scores. We show that this change in applicant behavior resulted in substantial convergence in the overall admissions rates across races yet no change in the large cross-race differences in admissions rates for high-SAT applicants. </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Online Appendix
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/RecruitRejectOnlineAppendix.pdf">Online Appendix</a> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Replication files
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://github.com/tyleransom/Recruit-Reject-EER/releases/tag/v1.0">Data & code for replication</a> <br> <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6368299"><img src="https://zenodo.org/badge/471373775.svg" alt="DOI"></a> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
BibTeX citation
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <pre> <code>
@article{AKR2022EcoEduRev,
author = {Peter Arcidiacono and Josh Kinsler and Tyler Ransom},
title = {Recruit to Reject? Harvard and African American Applicants},
journal = {Economics of Education Review},
volume = {88},
pages = {102255},
year = {2022},
doi = {10.1016/j.econedurev.2022.102255}
}
</code> </pre> </p></div>
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Other versions
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<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <br> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/recruit_reject.pdf">Accepted version</a> (April 2022) <br> <a href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w26456">NBER Working Paper No. 26456</a> (November 2019) <br> <a href="https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/12750/recruit-to-reject-harvard-and-african-american-applicants">IZA Discussion Paper No. 12750</a> (November 2019) <br> <a href="https://hceconomics.uchicago.edu/research/working-paper/recruit-reject-harvard-and-african-american-applicants">HCEO Working Paper No. 2019-074</a> (December 2019) </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Media coverage
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/29/us/harvard-admissions-recruit-letter.html"><i>New York Times</i></a> <br> <a href="https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2019/11/harvard-sentences-to-ponder.html"><i>Marginal Revolution</i></a> <br> <a href="https://www.insidehighered.com/admissions/article/2019/11/25/harvard-faces-scrutiny-black-applicants-it-rejects"><i>Inside Higher Ed</i></a> <br> <a href="https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2019/11/20/Arcidiacono-working-paper/"><i>Harvard Crimson</i></a> <br> <a href="https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/is-harvard-leading-on-black-applicants/"><i>National Review</i></a> <br> <a href="https://freebeacon.com/issues/harvard-recruited-to-reject-thousands-of-black-kids-study-shows/"><i>Washington Free Beacon</i></a> <br> <a href="https://www.jbhe.com/2019/11/study-charges-harvard-with-recruiting-black-applicants-who-have-no-chance-of-admission">The <i>Journal of Blacks in Higher Education</i></a> </p></div><br>
<p style="margin:0"> <a style="margin:0; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014292122000290">Asian American Discrimination in Harvard Admissions</a> <br> with <a href="http://public.econ.duke.edu/~psarcidi/">Peter Arcidiacono</a> and <a href="http://www.terry.uga.edu/directory/economics/josh-kinsler">Josh Kinsler</a> <br> <i>European Economic Review</i>, 2022, 144: 104079. <br><button class="accordion">
Abstract
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> Using detailed admissions data made public in the <i>SFFA v. Harvard</i> case, we examine how Asian American applicants are treated relative to similarly situated white applicants. Our preferred model shows that typical Asian American applicants would see their average admit rate rise by around 1 percentage point (19%) if they were treated as white applicants. We show that one of the channels through which Asian Americans are penalized is the personal rating and that including the personal rating cuts the Asian American penalty by less than half. While identifying the causal impact of race using observational data is challenging because of the presence of unobservables, this concern is mitigated in our setting. There is limited scope for omitted variables to overturn the result because <i>(i)</i> Asian Americans are substantially stronger than whites on the observables associated with admissions and <i>(ii)</i> the richness of the data yields a model that predicts admissions extremely well. </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Online Appendix
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/RealPenaltyOnlineAppendix.pdf">Online Appendix</a> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Replication files
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://github.com/tyleransom/Asian-Discrim-EuroEconRev/releases/tag/v1.0">Data & code for replication</a> <br> <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5948921"><img src="https://zenodo.org/badge/452374296.svg" alt="DOI"></a> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
BibTeX citation
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <pre> <code>
@article{AKR2022EurEcoRev,
author = {Peter Arcidiacono and Josh Kinsler and Tyler Ransom},
title = {Asian American Discrimination in Harvard Admissions},
journal = {European Economic Review},
volume = {144},
pages = {104079},
year = {2022},
doi = {10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104079}
}
</code> </pre> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Other versions
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/AKR_2022_EurEcoRev.pdf">Published PDF</a> <br> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/real_penalty.pdf">Accepted version</a> <br> <a href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w27068">NBER Working Paper No. 27068</a> (April 2020) <br> <a href="https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/13172/asian-american-discrimination-in-harvard-admissions">IZA Discussion Paper No. 13172</a> (April 2020) </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Media coverage
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pYTWuXxJz6o"><i>The Cause & Effect Podcast</i></a> <br> <a href="https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2020/04/assorted-non-covid-links.html"><i>Marginal Revolution</i></a> <br> <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/how-to-win-elections/id1042433083?i=1000473678098">Vox's <i>The Weeds</i> podcast (50:00 mark)</a> <br> <a href="https://www.nationalreview.com/2021/02/asian-american-ivy-league-applicants-can-trust-markets-more-than-courts/"><i>National Review</i></a> </p></div><br>
<p style="margin:0"> <a style="margin:0; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold" href="https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.monopsony.0219-10013R2">Labor Market Frictions and Moving Costs of the Employed and Unemployed</a> <br> <i>Journal of Human Resources</i>, 2022, 57 (S): S137–S166 <br><button class="accordion">
Abstract
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> Search frictions and switching costs may grant monopsony power to incumbent employers by reducing workers' outside options. This paper examines the role of labor market frictions and moving costs in explaining worker flows across US labor markets. Using data on non-college-educated workers from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), I estimate a dynamic model of job search and location choice. I find that moving costs are substantial and that labor market frictions primarily inhibit the employed. Reducing these frictions would result in a higher wage elasticity of labor supply to the firm and could reduce employer monopsony power. </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Online Appendix
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/LMfrictionsOnlineAppendix.pdf">Online Appendix</a> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Replication files
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://github.com/tyleransom/frictions-JHR/releases/tag/1.0">Data & code for replication</a> <br> <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4495571"><img src="https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.4495571.svg" alt="DOI"></a> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
BibTeX citation
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <pre> <code>
@article{ransom2022JHR,
author = {Ransom, Tyler},
title = {Labor Market Frictions and Moving Costs of the Employed and Unemployed},
journal = {Journal of Human Resources},
volume = {57},
number = {S},
pages = {S137--S166},
year = {2022},
doi = {10.3368/jhr.monopsony.0219-10013R2}
}
</code> </pre> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Other versions
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/Ransom_2022_JHR.pdf">Published PDF</a> <br> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/movingCostsLMfrictions.pdf">Accepted version</a> (February 2021) <br> <a href="http://ftp.iza.org/dp12139.pdf">IZA Discussion Paper No. 12139</a> (February 2019) <br> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/RansomFeb2016ps.pdf">The Effect of Business Cycle Fluctuations on Migration Decisions</a> (February 25, 2016) </p></div><br>
<p style="margin:0"> <a style="margin:0; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/713744">Legacy and Athlete Preferences at Harvard</a> <br> with <a href="http://public.econ.duke.edu/~psarcidi/">Peter Arcidiacono</a> and <a href="http://www.terry.uga.edu/directory/economics/josh-kinsler">Josh Kinsler</a> <br> <i>Journal of Labor Economics</i>, 2022, 40 (1): 133–156. <br><button class="accordion">
Abstract
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> We use public documents from the <i>Students For Fair Admissions v. Harvard University</i> lawsuit to examine admissions preferences for recruited athletes, legacies, those on the dean's interest list, and children of faculty and staff (ALDCs). Over 43% of white admits are ALDC; the share for African American, Asian American, and Hispanics is less than 16%. Our model of admissions shows that roughly three-quarters of white ALDC admits would have been rejected absent their ALDC status. Removing preferences for athletes and legacies would significantly alter the racial distribution of admitted students away from whites. </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Replication files
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://github.com/tyleransom/legacy-athlete-JOLE/releases/tag/v1.0.1">Data & code for replication</a> <br> <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4391483"><img src="https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.4391483.svg" alt="DOI"></a> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
BibTeX citation
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <pre> <code>
@article{AKR2022JOLE,
author = {Arcidiacono, Peter and Kinsler, Josh and Ransom, Tyler},
title = {Legacy and Athlete Preferences at Harvard},
journal = {Journal of Labor Economics},
volume = {40},
number = {1},
pages = {133--156},
year = {2022},
doi = {10.1086/713744}
}
</code> </pre> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Other versions
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/legacyathleteJOLE.pdf">Published PDF</a> <br> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/legacyathlete.pdf">Accepted version</a> (December 2020) <br> <a href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w26316">NBER Working Paper No. 26316</a> (September 2019) <br> <a href="https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/12633/legacy-and-athlete-preferences-at-harvard">IZA Discussion Paper No. 12633</a> (September 2019) <br> <a href="https://hceconomics.uchicago.edu/research/working-paper/legacy-and-athlete-preferences-harvard">HCEO Working Paper No. 2019-080</a> (December 2019) </p></div>
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Media coverage
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/study-harvard-finds-43-percent-white-students-are-legacy-athletes-n1060361">NBC News</a> <br> <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/21/opinion/sunday/college-admissions-diversity.html"><i>New York Times</i></a> <br> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/education/2019/oct/01/harvard-admissions-process-white-privilege"><i>The Guardian</i></a> (<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/nov/17/harvard-university-students-smart-iq">x2</a>) <br> <a href="https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2019/10/04/does-harvard-accept-its-cleverest-applicants"><i>The Economist</i></a> <br> <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/10/harvard-university-and-scandal-sports-recruitment/599248/"><i>The Atlantic</i></a> <br> <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-09-23/harvard-s-legacies-are-nothing-to-be-proud-of"><i>Bloomberg</i></a> <br> <a href="https://slate.com/business/2019/09/harvard-admissions-affirmative-action-white-students-legacy-athletes-donors.html"><i>Slate</i></a> <br> <a href="https://qz.com/1713033/at-harvard-43-percent-of-white-students-are-legacies-or-athletes/"><i>Quartz</i></a> <br> <a href="https://www.insidehighered.com/admissions/views/2020/01/27/paper-reveals-advantages-harvard-gives-some-groups-admissions-opinion"><i>Inside Higher Ed</i></a> <br> <a href="https://www.nationalreview.com/2019/09/harvard-legacy-preferences-national-disgrace/"><i>National Review</i></a> <br> <a href="https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/harvards-legacy-college-admissions-are-affirmative-action-for-rich-white-people"><i>Washington Examiner</i></a> <br> <a href="https://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2019/09/a-raw-look-at-harvards-affirmative-action-for-white-kids/"><i>Mother Jones</i></a> <br> <a href="https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2019/09/how-harvard-makes-admissions-decisions.html"><i>Marginal Revolution</i></a> <br> <a href="https://equitablegrowth.org/higher-education-is-not-the-u-s-mobility-engine-it-could-be-because-admissions-practices-are-rigging-the-system/"><i>Washington Center for Equitable Growth</i></a> <br> <a href="https://www.thecut.com/2019/09/harvard-college-admissions-scam.html"><i>The Cut</i></a> <br> <a href="https://moguldom.com/228145/43-percent-of-white-harvard-admissions-are-athletes-legacies-deans-list-and-kids-of-staff-vs-16-percent-of-black-admits/"><i>Moguldom</i></a> <br> <a href="https://www.thecollegefix.com/bulletin-board/harvard-would-admit-50-percent-more-asian-americans-without-legacy-athlete-and-racial-preferences/"><i>The College Fix</i></a> <br> <a href="https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/significant-digits-for-wednesday-sept-25-2019/">538's <i>Significant Digits</i></a> <br> <a href="https://www.thedp.com/article/2019/09/penn-upenn-philadelphia-harvard-admissions-legacy-athletes"><i>The Daily Pennsylvanian</i></a> <br> <a href="https://atlantablackstar.com/2019/09/27/the-real-affirmative-action-research-on-harvard-admissions-process-exposes-benefits-reaped-by-43-of-white-admitted-students/"><i>Atlanta Black Star</i></a> <br> <a href="https://www.cavalierdaily.com/article/2019/09/asch-there-is-plenty-of-affirmative-action-for-rich-people"><i>The Cavalier Daily</i></a> <br> <a href="http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/09/harvard-affirmative-action-white-people-meritocracy.html"><i>New York Magazine</i></a> <br> <a href="https://jezebel.com/all-the-white-sons-go-to-harvard-1838638203"><i>Jezebel</i></a> <br> <a href="https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2019/10/1/editorial-admissions-equitable/"><i>The Harvard Crimson</i></a> (<a href="https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2019/10/23/nber-admissions-data/">x2</a>) <br> <a href="http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/article/2019/10/geography-is-destiny-at-princeton"><i>The Daily Princetonian</i></a> <br> <a href="http://www.browndailyherald.com/2019/10/18/aman-20-end-athletic-recruitment-legacy-admission/"><i>The Brown Daily Herald</i></a> <br> <a href="https://www.theroot.com/report-two-out-of-every-5-white-harvard-students-got-i-1838678438"><i>The Root</i></a> <br> <a href="https://www.salon.com/2019/10/06/harvards-systemic-nepotism-revealed-43-percent-of-admitted-white-students-were-legacies/"><i>Salon</i></a> <br> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2019/10/09/paul-seabright-a-harvard-mieux-etre-riche-blanc-et-sportif_6014754_3234.html"><i>Le Monde</i></a> <br> <a href="https://hechingerreport.org/harvard-critic-finds-white-jocks-and-rich-kids-get-preferential-treatment-in-admissions/"><i>The Hechinger Report</i></a> <br> <a href="https://nextshark.com/white-harvard-students-privileged-loopholes-study/"><i>NextShark</i></a> <br> <a href="https://thelogicalindian.com/awareness/harvard-students-legacies/"><i>The Logical Indian</i></a> </p></div><br>
<p style="margin:0"> <a style="margin:0; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/711851">Changes across Cohorts in Wage Returns to Schooling and Early Work Experiences</a> <br> with <a href="https://bschool.pepperdine.edu/about/people/faculty/jared-ashworth-professor-of-economics/">Jared Ashworth</a>, <a href="http://public.econ.duke.edu/~vjh3/">V. Joseph Hotz</a>, and <a href="http://www.amaurel.net/">Arnaud Maurel</a> <br> <i>Journal of Labor Economics</i>, 2021, 39 (4): 931–964 <br> Guest column at <a href="https://voxeu.org/article/wage-returns-schooling-and-early-work-experience"><i>VoxEU</i></a> <br><button class="accordion">
Abstract
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> This paper investigates the wage returns to schooling and actual early work experiences, and how these returns have changed over the past twenty years. Using the NLSY surveys, we develop and estimate a dynamic model of the joint schooling and work decisions that young men make in early adulthood, and quantify how they affect wages using a generalized Mincerian specification. Our results highlight the need to account for dynamic selection and changes in composition when analyzing changes in wage returns. In particular, we find that ignoring the selectivity of accumulated work experiences results in overstatement of the returns to education. </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Online Appendix
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/AHMR_JOLEonlineAppendix.pdf">Online Appendix</a> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Replication files
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://github.com/tyleransom/WageReturnsJOLE/releases/tag/v1.0">Data & code for replication</a> <br> <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4023126"><img src="https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.4023126.svg" alt="DOI"></a> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
BibTeX citation
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <pre> <code>
@article{ashworth_al2021JOLE,
author = {Ashworth, Jared and Hotz, V. Joseph and Maurel, Arnaud and Ransom, Tyler},
title = {Changes across Cohorts in Wage Returns to Schooling and Early Work Experiences},
journal = {Journal of Labor Economics},
volume = {39},
number = {4},
pages = {931--964},
year = {2021},
doi = {10.1086/711851}
}
</code> </pre> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Other versions
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/Ashworth_al_2021_JOLE.pdf">Published PDF</a> <br> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/WagesAcrossCohorts.pdf">Accepted version</a> (September 2020) <br> <a href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w24160.pdf">NBER Working Paper No. 24160</a> (December 2017) <br> <a href="http://ftp.iza.org/dp11231.pdf">IZA Discussion Paper No. 11231</a> (December 2017) </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Media coverage
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://www.marketwatch.com/story/students-who-do-this-during-college-earn-more-money-as-graduates-2018-01-02"><i>MarketWatch</i></a> <br> <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/opinion/working-while-at-high-school-or-university-leads-to-higher-wages-later-in-life-20180126-h0p23d.html"><i>Sydney Morning Herald</i></a> <br> <a href="https://www.studyinternational.com/news/work-university/"><i>Study International</i></a> </p></div><br>
<p style="margin:0"> <a style="margin:0; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold" href="https://doi.org/10.15609/annaeconstat2009.142.0045">Selective Migration, Occupational Choice, and the Wage Returns to College Majors</a> <br> <i>Annals of Economics & Statistics</i>, 2021, No. 142: 45–110 <br><button class="accordion">
Abstract
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> I examine the extent to which the monetary returns to college majors are influenced by selective migration and occupational choice across locations in the US. To quantify the role of selection, I develop and estimate an extended Roy model of migration, occupational choice, and earnings where, upon completing their education, individuals choose a location in which to live and an occupation in which to work. In order to estimate this high-dimensional choice model, I make use of machine learning methods that allow for model selection and estimation simultaneously in a non-parametric setting. I find that OLS estimates of the return to business and STEM majors relative to education majors are biased upward by 15% at the median. Selection is strongest in locations in the Northeastern US. </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Replication files
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://github.com/tyleransom/AES-Roy-Majors/releases/tag/v1.0">Data & code for replication</a> <br> <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4907446"><img src="https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.4907446.svg" alt="DOI"></a> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
BibTeX citation
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <pre> <code>
@article{ransom2021AES,
author = {Tyler Ransom},
title = {Selective Migration, Occupational Choice, and the Wage Returns to College Majors},
journal = {Annals of Economics and Statistics},
number = {142},
pages = {45--110},
volume = {},
year = {2021},
doi = {10.15609/annaeconstat2009.142.0045}
}
</code> </pre> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Other versions
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/13370/selective-migration-occupational-choice-and-the-wage-returns-to-college-majors">IZA Discussion Paper No. 13370</a> (June 2020) </p></div><br>
<p style="margin:0"> <a style="margin:0; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2021.109812">Learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: It is not who you teach, but how you teach</a> <br> with <a href="https://economics.cornell.edu/george-orlov">George Orlov</a>, <a href="https://dougmckee.net/">Doug McKee, <a href="https://sites.google.com/site/econjimberry/">James Berry</a>, <a href="https://sites.google.com/site/austinboyle/">Austin Boyle</a>, <a href="https://www.ilr.cornell.edu/people/thomas-diciccio">Thomas J. DiCiccio</a>, <a href="https://alexreesjones.github.io/">Alex Rees-Jones</a>, and <a href="https://economics.cornell.edu/j%C3%B6rg-stoye">Joerg Stoye</a> <br> <i>Economics Letters</i>, 2021, 202: 109812. <b>(Lead Article)</b> <br><button class="accordion">
Abstract
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> We use standardized end-of-course knowledge assessments to examine student learning during the disruptions induced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Examining seven economics courses taught at four US R1 institutions, we find that students performed substantially worse, on average, in Spring 2020 when compared to Spring or Fall 2019. We find no evidence that the effect was driven by specific demographic groups. However, our results suggest that teaching methods that encourage active engagement, such as the use of small group activities and projects, played an important role in mitigating this negative effect. Our results point to methods for more effective online teaching as the pandemic continues. </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
BibTeX citation
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <pre> <code>
@article{orlov_al2021EL,
author = {George Orlov and Douglas McKee and James Berry and Austin Boyle and Thomas DiCiccio and Tyler Ransom and Alex Rees-Jones and J{\"o}rg Stoye},
title = {Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: It Is Not Who You Teach, but How You Teach},
journal = {Economics Letters},
volume = {202},
pages = {109812},
year = {2021},
doi = {10.1016/j.econlet.2021.109812}
}
</code> </pre> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Other versions
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/learning_pandemic_EL.pdf">Published version</a> <br> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/pandemic-learning.pdf">Preprint</a> (January 2021) <br> <a href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w28022">NBER Working Paper No. 28022</a> (October 2020) <br> <a href="https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/13813/learning-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-it-is-not-who-you-teach-but-how-you-teach">IZA Discussion Paper No. 13813</a> (October 2020) </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Media coverage
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://insidehighered.com/digital-learning/article/2020/11/03/power-active-learning-during-remote-instruction"><i>Inside Higher Ed</i></a> <br> <a href="https://voxeu.org/article/learning-during-covid-19-pandemic"><i>VoxEU</i></a> <br> <a href="https://wol.iza.org/opinions/assessing-effect-of-online-instruction-on-university-students-learning"><i>IZA World of Labor</i></a> <br> <a href="https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2021/03/pandemic-students-tech-savvy-teachers-fared-better">Cornell University</a> <br> <a href="https://www.educationnext.org/lessons-learned-teaching-during-the-pandemic/">Education Next</a> </p></div><br>
<p style="margin:0"> <a style="margin:0; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold" href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0019793919894554">Do Foreigners Crowd Natives out of STEM Degrees and Occupations? Evidence from the U.S. Immigration Act of 1990</a> <br> with <a href="https://sites.google.com/site/johnvwinters/">John V. Winters</a>. <br> <i>ILR Review</i>, 2021, 74 (2): 321–351. <br><button class="accordion">
Abstract
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p>This paper examines effects of the U.S. Immigration Act of 1990 on STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education and labor market outcomes for nativeborn Americans. The Act increased the inflow and stock of foreign STEM workers in the U.S., potentially altering the relative desirability of STEM fields for natives. The authors examine effects of the policy on STEM degree completion, STEM occupational choice, and employment rates separately for black and white men and women. The novel identification strategy measures exposure to foreign STEM workers of age-18 native cohorts immediately before and after the policy change via geographic dispersion of foreign-born STEM workers in 1980, which predicts subsequent foreign STEM flows. The Act affected natives in three ways: (1) black male students moved away from STEM majors; (2) white male STEM graduates moved away from STEM occupations; and (3) white female STEM graduates moved out of the workforce. </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Online Appendix
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/IA90onlineAppendix.pdf">Online Appendix</a> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Replication files
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://github.com/tyleransom/ILRR_IA90/releases/tag/1.0">Code for replication (data available from journal website)</a> <br> <a href="https://zenodo.org/badge/latestdoi/183509968"><img src="https://zenodo.org/badge/183509968.svg" alt="DOI"></a> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
BibTeX citation
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <pre> <code>
@article{ransomWinters2021ILRR,
author = {Tyler Ransom and John V. Winters},
title ={Do Foreigners Crowd Natives out of STEM Degrees and Occupations? Evidence from the US Immigration Act of 1990},
journal = {ILR Review},
volume = {74},
number = {2},
pages = {321--351},
year = {2021},
doi = {10.1177/0019793919894554}
}
</code> </pre> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Other versions
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/Ransom_Winters_2021_ILRR.pdf">Published PDF</a> <br> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/IA90.pdf">Preprint</a> (January 9, 2019) <br> <a href="http://ftp.iza.org/dp9920.pdf">IZA Discussion Paper No. 9920</a> (April 2016) </p></div><br>
<p style="margin:0"> <a style="margin:0; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold" href="https://lawreviewblog.uchicago.edu/2020/10/30/aa-arcidiacono/">Affirmative Action, Transparency, and the <i>SFFA v. Harvard</i> Case</a> <br> with <a href="http://public.econ.duke.edu/~psarcidi/">Peter Arcidiacono</a> and <a href="http://www.terry.uga.edu/directory/economics/josh-kinsler">Josh Kinsler</a> <br> <i>University of Chicago Law Review Online</i>, 2020, October issue. <br> <b>Note: Not peer-reviewed</b> <br> </p>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
BibTeX citation
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <pre> <code>
@article{AKR2020UCLRO,
author = {Arcidiacono, Peter and Kinsler, Josh and Ransom, Tyler},
title = {Affirmative Action, Transparency, and the {\em SFFA v.\ Harvard} Case},
journal = {University of Chicago Law Review Online},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
month = {October},
year = {2020},
url = {https://lawreviewblog.uchicago.edu/2020/10/30/aa-arcidiacono/}
}
</code> </pre> </p></div><br>
<p style="margin:0"> <a style="margin:0; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2019.02.003">Has the College Wage Premium Continued to Rise? Evidence From Multiple U.S. Surveys</a> (with <a href="https://bschool.pepperdine.edu/about/people/faculty/jared-ashworth-professor-of-economics/">Jared Ashworth</a>) <br> <i>Economics of Education Review</i>, 2019, 69 (1): 149–154. <br><button class="accordion">
Abstract
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p>This paper examines trends in the college wage premium (CWP) by birth cohort across the five major household surveys in the United States: the Census/ACS, CPS, NLSY, PSID, and SIPP. We document a general flattening in the CWP for birth cohorts 1970 and onward in each survey and even a decline for birth cohorts 1980–1984 in the NLSY. We discuss potential reasons for this finding and show that the empirical discrepancy is not a function of differences in composition across surveys. Our results provide crucial context for the vast economic literatures that use these surveys to answer important policy questions about intertemporal changes in the returns to skill. </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Online Appendix
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/CWPcohortsSurveysAppendix.pdf">Online Appendix</a> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Replication files
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://github.com/tyleransom/EER_CWP/releases/tag/1.0">Data & code for replication</a> <br> <a href="https://zenodo.org/badge/latestdoi/171865021"><img src="https://zenodo.org/badge/171865021.svg" alt="DOI"></a> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
BibTeX citation
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <pre> <code>
@article{ashworthRansom2019EcoEduRev,
author = {Jared Ashworth and Tyler Ransom},
title = {Has the College Wage Premium Continued to Rise? Evidence From Multiple U.S. Surveys},
journal = {Economics of Education Review},
volume = {69},
pages = {149--154},
year = {2019},
doi = {10.1016/j.econedurev.2019.02.003}
}
</code> </pre> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Other versions
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/Ashworth_Ransom_2019_EcEdRev.pdf">Published PDF</a> <br> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/CWPcohortsSurveys.pdf">Preprint</a> (February 14, 2019) <br> <a href="http://ftp.iza.org/dp11657.pdf">IZA Discussion Paper No. 11657</a> (July 2018) </p></div><br>
<p style="margin:0"> <a style="margin:0; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2018.04.002">Do High School Sports Build or Reveal Character? Bounding Causal Estimates of Sports Participation</a> (with <a href="https://economics.byu.edu/Pages/Faculty%20Pages/Michael-R.-Ransom.aspx">Michael R Ransom</a>) <br> <i>Economics of Education Review</i>, 2018, 64 (1), 75–89. <br><button class="accordion">
Abstract
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> We examine the extent to which participation in high school athletics has beneficial effects on future education, labor market, and health outcomes. Due to the absence of plausible instruments in observational data, we use recently developed methods that relate selection on observables with selection on unobservables to estimate bounds on the causal effect of athletics participation. We analyze these effects in the US separately for men and women using three different nationally representative longitudinal data sets that each link high school athletics participation with later-life outcomes. We do not find consistent evidence of individual benefits reported in many previous studies—once we have accounted for selection, high school athletes are no more likely to attend college, earn higher wages, or participate in the labor force. However, we do find that men (but not women) who participated in high school athletics are more likely to exercise regularly as adults. Nevertheless, athletes are no less likely to be obese. </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
Replication files
</button>
<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://github.com/tyleransom/HS-sports-effects/releases/tag/1.0">Data & code for replication</a> <br> <a href="https://zenodo.org/badge/latestdoi/128260710"><img src="https://zenodo.org/badge/128260710.svg" alt="DOI"></a> </p></div>
<p style="margin:0"><button class="accordion">
BibTeX citation
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<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <pre> <code>
@article{ransomRansom2018EcoEduRev,
author = {Michael R Ransom and Tyler Ransom},
title = {Do High School Sports Build or Reveal Character? Bounding Causal Estimates of Sports Participation},
journal = {Economics of Education Review},
volume = {64},
pages = {75--89},
year = {2018},
doi = {10.1016/j.econedurev.2018.04.002}
}
</code> </pre> </p></div>
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Other versions
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<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/Ransom_Ransom_2018_EcEdRev.pdf">Published PDF</a> <br> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/HSathleticsEffects.pdf">Preprint</a> (March 30, 2018) <br> <a href="http://ftp.iza.org/dp11110.pdf">IZA Discussion Paper No. 11110</a> (October 2017) </p></div>
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Media coverage
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<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="http://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2017/12/high-school-sports-build-reveal-character.html"><i>Marginal Revolution</i></a> <br> <a href="http://lrnmedia.com/participation-high-school-sports-predict-long-term-outcomes/"><i>LRN Media</i></a> </p></div><br>
<hr>
<h2><a id="works-in-progress" class="anchor" href="#workinprogress" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Works in Progress</h2>
<p style="margin:0"> <b>Beating the Heat: Temperature and Spatial Reallocation over the Long Run</b> <br> with <a href="https://www.christosmakridis.com/">Christos Makridis</a> and <a href="https://sumedharay.github.io/">Sumedha Ray</a>. <br><button class="accordion">
Abstract
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<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> Does temperature affect real economic activity? Using the annual Current Population Survey between 1963 and 2015, we show that there is no association between temperature and earnings, hours, or output after controlling for time-invariant spatial heterogeneity and time-varying demographic factors. These results are robust to five separate sources of micro-data, different sampling horizons, functional forms, spatial measures of temperature, and subsets of the data. This paper studies the relationship between temperature and productivity across space and time. Motivated by these null results, we develop a spatial equilibrium model where temperature can affect not only firm productivity, but also individual locational choice. After calibrating the model, we use it to disentangle the role of reallocation versus actual productivity losses in the U.S. economy between 1980 and 2015. Nearly all of the variation is driven by reallocation. We subsequently use the model to evaluate a counterfactual climate scenario and recover a new spatial equilibrium for the U.S. economy by 2050. </p></div><br>
<p style="margin:0"> <b>The Role of Supply and Demand Factors in Explaining the Migration of College Majors</b> <br><button class="accordion">
Abstract
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<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> This paper documents a new stylized fact about the United States labor market: internal migration rates are dramatically different across college majors. For some college majors, migration rates are even lower than those without a college degree. I relate major migration rates with majors' spatial concentration and find that a major's spatial concentration explains about one fourth of the cross-major variation in migration rates. With this descriptive evidence as a guide, I estimate a structural model of locational choice where college graduates have heterogeneous preferences---at the detailed major level---for living close to home, and for working in a location with a high concentration of their fellow majors. Using estimates of the structural model, I decompose the cross-major migration rates into supply and demand factors and find that supply factors (i.e. moving costs) explain the vast majority of differences in migration rates across majors. My findings underscore the difficulty in attracting college majors to a particular location using demand-side investments. My results also highlight the importance of place in determining the labor market outcomes of college majors.</p></div><br>
<p style="margin:0"> <b>Measuring Women's Wage Returns to Human Capital</b> <br> with <a href="https://bschool.pepperdine.edu/about/people/faculty/jared-ashworth-professor-of-economics/">Jared Ashworth</a>. <br><button class="accordion">
Abstract
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<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> This paper estimates the wage returns to schooling and actual early work experiences for young women using the NLSY surveys. We estimate a dynamic model of young women’s schooling, work, marriage and fertility decisions in order to account for the likely impacts on future wages. The results of the model without controlling for the decision process indicate a negative effect of children on earnings. Our full model explains how this occurs, demonstrating the importance of modeling these key life decisions, while controlling for unobserved ability.</p></div><br>
<p style="margin:0"> <b>Credit Constraints, College Major Choices, and Upward Mobility</b> <br> with <a href="https://www.menakahampole.com/">Menaka Hampole</a> and <a href="https://sites.google.com/view/jconzelmann">Johnathan G. Conzelmann</a>. <br><button class="accordion">
Abstract
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<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> We investigate how easing credit constraints affects college graduates' choices in majors and migration, focusing on the impact of student loan debt. Using a rich dataset combining university, credit bureau, and other records, we examine the effects of loan reduction or "No Loan" policies at select universities on students' major choices and migration decisions. By analyzing data across different dimensions, including parental financial constraints and socioeconomic networks, we aim to provide new insights into the relationship between education financing and upward economic mobility. </p></div><br>
<p style="margin:0"> <b>Elevation in Obesity: Uncovering the Geographical Aspects of Health</b> <br> with <a href="https://sites.google.com/site/pallabghoshou/">Pallab Ghosh</a>. <br><button class="accordion">
Abstract
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<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> Coming soon.</p></div>
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Poster
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<div class="panel" style="background-color: #F1F1F1; color: #666; padding: 10px;"><p> <a href="https://tyleransom.github.io/research/ASHEcon-2025-obesity-elevation-poster.pdf">Poster</a> </p></div><br>
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