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poss-part.md

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UMR relations for attributes

UMR distinguishes 2 types of modifiers:

Anchoring modifiers "situate the intended referent of the referring expression via reference to another object" (Croft); i.e., they provide referential grounding for a referent expression:

  • :poss relation,
  • :part relation,
  • have-rel-role-92 ... the predicate for kinship relation (as in father of somebody).

Typifying modifiers "enrich the referent description by subcategorizing it or selecting the quantity (cardinality, amount, proportion, piece) of the category or type denoted by the head noun."

  • :mod (a women's magazine as a magazine belonging to some subclass of magazines), also for demonstrative determiners (these shirts), for property concept modifiers (without their own frame files as e.g. quirky shirts)
  • :age, :age-of, have-age-91 (the thirty year-old man)
  • :group, :group-of, :have-group-91 for indicating the membership of groups (a swarm of bees)
  • :topic, :topic-of, have-topic-91 for indicating what a referent is about as in (Information about the case), and
  • :medium, :medium-of, have-medium-91 for indicating channels of communication, such as languages, ... (a French song)

Quantification ... Part 3-2-2-5

  • :ord (always with an (o/ ordinal-entity) concept as a daughter, :value), :quant, :range, :scale, :unit, and :value

Others

  • :example is used to annotate illustrative examples of object categories (countries like Germany and France);
  • :name introduces named entities.

AMR:

  • :consist-of (UMR --> have-group-91, have-material-91)
    a team of monkeys
    AMR: (team :consist-of (monkey)) --> UMR: have-group-91 (ARG1 entity, ARG2 group)
    a ring of gold
    AMR: (ring :consist-of (gold)) --> UMR: have-material-91 (ARG1 entity, ARG2 material)

  • :subevent (presentation at a conference) ... ???

  • :subset (with include-91 as reification) ...UMR --> include-91

    AMR: nine of the twenty soldiers 
(s/soldier :quant 9   
             :subset-of (s3/soldier :quant 20))

Possession

:poss (= :possessor) vs. :poss-of (:possessor-of) ... CHANGE of labels in UMR

The Guidelines:

UMR uses :poss and :part relations with the possessum or part as the parent and the possessor or whole as the daughter, ...

!!! a possessum as the parent and the possessor/owner as the daughter !!! (as usual in UMR, the name of the relation should be read from the child's perspective = the child is the possessor)

(possessum                 
       :possessor (possessor))

Summary:

  1. Use :poss (= :possessor) when talk about a thing that is possessed by someone (like in Petrova kniha)!!!
  2. Use :poss-of relation (= :possessor-of) when talk about an owner/possessor of something (like in liščí majitel, majitel lišek)) !!!
  3. Use have-poss-91 --> have-91 when interpreted as predication, with ARG1=possessor and ARG2=possessum.

:poss examples (the Guidelines, English data):

  • your stuff/ticket/dog ... (stuff/ticket/dog :poss (person))
  • aspects of the movement ... (aspect :poss (movement))
  • our force ... (force :poss (person))
  • from the country's companies ... (company :poss (country)) (i.e., OK companies belonging to the country)
  • his thing ... (thing :poss (person))
  • the kid’s hat ... (hat :poss (kid))
  • his (=Putin’s) special commission (commission :poss Putin)
    (i.e., commission belonging to Putin)
  • Russian torpedo (torpedo :poss Russia))

--> OK in the English data, OK in the Guidelines

:poss-of examples:
Guidelines NO example
English data just 1 example

  • the goat man (= the man with goat) ... (man :possession-of (goat))
    ML: Based on context, I would interpret it as :mod (the attribute "goat" serves to identify the man (there are 2 men there)).

have-poss-91 examples:
NO example in the Guidelines nor in the English data.
NO example and no mention in the UMR Guidelines.
Just listed among UMR roles (as a reification of the poss relation; however, have-91 also listed there as a reification of the poss relation) ... have-poss-91 --> have-91?? (Ask Julia!!)

Comparison to AMR

OK, UMR and AMR relation :poss is the same. (c / car :poss (h / he))

TODO: Comparison to PDT

Part-Whole relation

:part vs. :part-of

The Guidelines:

UMR uses :poss and :part relations with the possessum or part as the parent and the possessor or whole as the daughter, ...

!!! part/fragment as the parent and the whole entity as the daughter !!!

(part/fragment 
       :part (whole entity))

See, for example, the Guidelines, ex. 3-2-2-2 (1b) Part 3-2-2-2. Modifiers:

Guitar strings
(s/ string
    :refer-number plural
    :part (g/ guitar))

Summary:

  1. Use :part when talk about a thing that belongs to some bigger entity (like in ...)
  2. Use :part-of relation when talk about the whole entity (like in ...)
  3. Use have-part-91 when interpreted as predication, with ARG1=the whole entity and ARG2= its part/fragment

However, two examples in the UMR Schema list for Roles and Reifications violate this rule:

  • My nose itched.
(i / itch-01
     :experiencer (n / nose
     :part-of (p / person             <--------
                   :refer-person 1st
                   :refer-number singular))
     :aspect state
     :modal-strength full-affirmative)
  • The movers lay the box on its side.
(l / lay-01
     :actor (p / person
                 :refer-number plural
                 :actor-of (m / move-01))
    :theme (b / box)
    :orientation (o / on-04
                      :theme b 
                      :part (s / side
                                 :part-of b) <-------- 
    :aspect performance
    :modal-strength full-affirmative)

Examples from the Guidelines

:part examples (the UMR Guidelines, the English 1.0 released data):

  • his blood/hand/string/car ... (blood/hand/string/car :part (person)) ... from the UMR Guidelines

  • guitar's string ... (string :part (guitar) ... from the UMR Guidelines

  • blood pressure = pressure of his blood ... (pressure-01 :ARG1 (blood :part person)) ... from the UMR Guidelines

  • the government office (= the office is part of the government, the data)

                      ... (office :part (government))

--> OK in the Guidelines, OK for some examples in the English data (UMR 1.0)

Examples from the UMR 1.0 (English)

KO annotation in the English data (2/5 plus 1 unclear):

  • in the central Philippines ... (Philippines :part (center))
  • like an apron with pockets (= thing [resembling apron] with pockets ) ... (thing :part (pocket)) Both should be annotated as :part-of!!

:part-of examples:
UMR Guidelines NO example!!
English 1.0 data 4 examples, all of them wrong ... should be (part :part whole)!!

  • in the south of Leyte ... (south :part-of (Leyte) ) KO
  • at the top of the ladder ... (top :part-of (ladder)) KO
  • on the front ... (front :part-of (thing)) KO
  • to the side of the road ... (side :part-of (road)) KO

have-part-91 examples:
UMR Guidelines NO example!!
English data just 1 example:

  • And the movie had sound track. (have-part-91

    have-part-91        
        :ARG1 (movie)         ... entity = whole
        :ARG2 (sound-track))  ... part

    --> OK

Comparison to AMR

!!! UMR :part has and opposite direction compared to that in AMR, at least based on examples from the Guidelines!!! (in fact, UMR :part corresponds to AMR :part-of) !!!

UMR: (engine :part (car))
AMR: (engine :part-of (car))

TODO: Comparison to PDT