base64Encode causes RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded

[mwohlan]

Environment

Digital Ocean App Platform running Nuxt3 App

Reproduction

It runs fine locally, but crashes when deployed on more limited hardware

Describe the bug

Since I have not provided a reproduction, here is a detailed description of the issue:

I am using undio to transform uint8 Array to a Base64 encoded String ( first page of a pdf to pass it into an llm API).

 const pdf: ReadableStream = await graphClient.api(`/users/xxxxxx/drive/items/${pdfID}/content`).get()
    const firstPage = await extractFirstPageFromPdf(pdf)
    
    const base64 = uint8ArrayToBase64(firstPage, { dataURL: false })

This works fine locally but when deployed to DigitalOcean App Platform ( smallest resource size) the following error occurs when undio is calling the internal function _base64Encode:

function _base64Encode(data, opts) {
  let encoded = btoa(String.fromCodePoint(...data));
  if (opts?.urlSafe) {
    encoded = encoded.replace(/\+/g, "-").replace(/\//g, "_").replace(/=+$/, "");
  }
  return opts?.dataURL === false ? encoded : `data:${opts?.type || ""};base64,${encoded}`;
}

RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded

This is explanation the o1-preview model provided:

The error you're encountering—"RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded"—is due to the way you're using the spread operator (...) with String.fromCodePoint() on a potentially large array of data. When data is large, spreading it as arguments to String.fromCodePoint() can exceed the maximum number of arguments that a function can accept, leading to a stack overflow.

I can't really judge if this is a valid explanation but the provided fix did work for my environment. But it is of course a Node only solution:

import { Buffer } from 'node:buffer'

export function uInt8ToBase64(data: Uint8Array, opts?: { urlSafe?: boolean, dataURL?: boolean, type?: string }) {
  let encoded = Buffer.from(data).toString('base64')
  if (opts?.urlSafe) {
    encoded = encoded.replace(/\+/g, '-').replace(/\//g, '').replace(/=+$/, '')
  }
  return opts?.dataURL === false ? encoded : `data:${opts?.type || ''};base64,${encoded}`
}

Additional context

No response

Logs

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