GNU sed outputs an empty line with 1x if the input doesn't contain a newline. uutils sed, on the other hand, doesn't:
$ printf "abc" | sed 1x
$
$ printf "abc" | cargo run -q sed 1x
$
The exception is an empty string as input: in such a case there is no output.
$ printf "" | sed 1x
$
$ printf "" | cargo run -q sed 1x
$