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‎.github/CODEOWNERS‎

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* @yanglbme @vil02 @BamaCharanChhandogi @alxkm @siriak
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* @DenizAltunkapan @yanglbme @vil02 @BamaCharanChhandogi @alxkm @siriak

‎.github/workflows/build.yml‎

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@@ -17,15 +17,15 @@ jobs:
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if: >-
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github.event_name == 'pull_request' &&
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github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name != github.repository
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uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
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uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
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with:
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fail_ci_if_error: true
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- name: Upload coverage to codecov (with token)
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if: >
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github.repository == 'TheAlgorithms/Java' &&
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(github.event_name != 'pull_request' ||
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github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository)
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uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
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uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
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with:
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token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
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fail_ci_if_error: true

‎.github/workflows/clang-format-lint.yml‎

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steps:
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- uses: actions/checkout@v4
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- uses: DoozyX/clang-format-lint-action@v0.18
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- uses: DoozyX/clang-format-lint-action@v0.20
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with:
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source: './src'
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extensions: 'java'

‎.gitpod.dockerfile‎

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FROM gitpod/workspace-java-21:2024-09-11-00-04-27
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FROM gitpod/workspace-java-21:2025-02-10-10-54-28
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ENV LLVM_SCRIPT="tmp_llvm.sh"
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‎DIRECTORY.md‎

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‎pmd-exclude.properties‎

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com.thealgorithms.bitmanipulation.SingleBitOperations=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.ciphers.AffineCipher=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.ciphers.ColumnarTranspositionCipher=UnnecessaryFullyQualifiedName
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com.thealgorithms.ciphers.DES=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.ciphers.HillCipher=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.ciphers.RSA=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.conversions.AnyBaseToAnyBase=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.conversions.AnytoAny=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.conversions.HexToOct=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.conversions.IntegerToRoman=UnnecessaryFullyQualifiedName
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com.thealgorithms.datastructures.crdt.LWWElementSet=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.datastructures.crdt.Pair=UnusedPrivateField
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com.thealgorithms.datastructures.graphs.AStar=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.datastructures.graphs.AdjacencyMatrixGraph=CollapsibleIfStatements,UnnecessaryFullyQualifiedName,UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.datastructures.graphs.BipartiteGraphDFS=CollapsibleIfStatements
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com.thealgorithms.datastructures.graphs.Kruskal=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.datastructures.hashmap.hashing.HashMapCuckooHashing=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.datastructures.heaps.FibonacciHeap=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.datastructures.heaps.HeapElement=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.datastructures.heaps.HeapNode=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.datastructures.lists.DoublyLinkedList=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.datastructures.lists.SearchSinglyLinkedListRecursion=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.datastructures.lists.SinglyLinkedList=UnusedLocalVariable
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com.thealgorithms.datastructures.queues.PriorityQueue=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.datastructures.stacks.NodeStack=UnnecessaryFullyQualifiedName,UnusedFormalParameter
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com.thealgorithms.datastructures.stacks.StackArray=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.datastructures.trees.CheckBinaryTreeIsValidBST=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.datastructures.trees.SegmentTree=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.devutils.nodes.LargeTreeNode=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.devutils.nodes.TreeNode=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.divideandconquer.ClosestPair=UnnecessaryFullyQualifiedName,UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.divideandconquer.Point=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.dynamicprogramming.MatrixChainMultiplication=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.dynamicprogramming.ShortestSuperSequence=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.dynamicprogramming.UniquePaths=UnnecessarySemicolon
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com.thealgorithms.dynamicprogramming.WineProblem=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.maths.BinomialCoefficient=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.maths.Complex=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.maths.KeithNumber=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.maths.LeonardoNumber=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.maths.LinearDiophantineEquationsSolver=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.maths.MatrixUtil=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.maths.RomanNumeralUtil=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.maths.SecondMinMax=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.maths.SecondMinMaxTest=UnnecessaryFullyQualifiedName
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com.thealgorithms.maths.StandardDeviation=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.maths.SumOfArithmeticSeries=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.maths.TrinomialTriangle=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.maths.VampireNumber=CollapsibleIfStatements
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com.thealgorithms.maths.Volume=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.matrixexponentiation.Fibonacci=UnnecessaryFullyQualifiedName
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com.thealgorithms.misc.Sparsity=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.misc.ThreeSumProblem=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.misc.WordBoggle=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.others.CRC16=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.others.Damm=UnnecessaryFullyQualifiedName
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com.thealgorithms.others.Luhn=UnnecessaryFullyQualifiedName
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com.thealgorithms.others.Mandelbrot=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.others.MaximumSumOfDistinctSubarraysWithLengthK=CollapsibleIfStatements
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com.thealgorithms.others.MiniMaxAlgorithm=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.others.PageRank=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.others.PerlinNoise=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.others.QueueUsingTwoStacks=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.others.QueueWithStack=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.others.Trieac=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.others.Verhoeff=UnnecessaryFullyQualifiedName
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com.thealgorithms.searches.InterpolationSearch=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.searches.KMPSearch=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.searches.LinearSearchThread=EmptyCatchBlock
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com.thealgorithms.searches.RabinKarpAlgorithm=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.sorts.CircleSort=EmptyControlStatement
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com.thealgorithms.sorts.CombSort=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.sorts.DutchNationalFlagSort=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.sorts.LinkListSort=EmptyControlStatement,UnusedLocalVariable
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com.thealgorithms.sorts.MergeSortNoExtraSpace=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.sorts.PigeonholeSort=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.sorts.RadixSort=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.sorts.WiggleSort=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.stacks.PostfixToInfix=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.strings.HorspoolSearch=UnnecessaryFullyQualifiedName,UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.strings.MyAtoi=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.strings.Palindrome=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.strings.Solution=CollapsibleIfStatements

‎pom.xml‎

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<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
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<maven.compiler.source>21</maven.compiler.source>
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<maven.compiler.target>21</maven.compiler.target>
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<assertj.version>3.26.3</assertj.version>
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<assertj.version>3.27.3</assertj.version>
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</properties>
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<dependencyManagement>
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<dependencies>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.junit</groupId>
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<artifactId>junit-bom</artifactId>
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<version>5.11.3</version>
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<version>5.12.2</version>
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<type>pom</type>
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<scope>import</scope>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
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<artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
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<version>5.11.3</version>
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<scope>test</scope>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
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<artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
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<version>5.14.2</version>
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<scope>test</scope>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
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<artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
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<version>5.11.3</version>
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<version>5.17.0</version>
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<scope>test</scope>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
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<artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>
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<version>4.5.0-M2</version>
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<version>4.5.0</version>
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</dependency>
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</dependencies>
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<build>
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<plugins>
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<plugin>
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<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
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<version>3.5.1</version>
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<version>3.5.3</version>
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<configuration>
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<forkNode implementation="org.apache.maven.plugin.surefire.extensions.SurefireForkNodeFactory"/>
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</configuration>
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</plugin>
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<plugin>
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<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
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<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
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<version>3.13.0</version>
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<version>3.14.0</version>
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<configuration>
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<source>21</source>
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<target>21</target>
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<arg>-Xlint:-auxiliaryclass</arg>
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<arg>-Xlint:-rawtypes</arg>
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<arg>-Xlint:-unchecked</arg>
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<arg>-Xlint:-lossy-conversions</arg>
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<arg>-Werror</arg>
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</compilerArgs>
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</configuration>
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</plugin>
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<plugin>
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<groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
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<artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
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<version>0.8.12</version>
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<version>0.8.13</version>
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<executions>
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<execution>
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<goals>
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<plugin>
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<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
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<artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>
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<version>3.5.0</version>
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<version>3.6.0</version>
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<configuration>
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<configLocation>checkstyle.xml</configLocation>
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<consoleOutput>true</consoleOutput>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>com.puppycrawl.tools</groupId>
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<artifactId>checkstyle</artifactId>
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<version>10.18.2</version>
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<version>10.23.1</version>
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</dependency>
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</dependencies>
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</plugin>
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<plugin>
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<groupId>com.github.spotbugs</groupId>
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<artifactId>spotbugs-maven-plugin</artifactId>
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<version>4.8.6.5</version>
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<version>4.9.3.0</version>
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<configuration>
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<excludeFilterFile>spotbugs-exclude.xml</excludeFilterFile>
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<includeTests>true</includeTests>
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<plugins>
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<plugin>
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<groupId>com.mebigfatguy.fb-contrib</groupId>
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<artifactId>fb-contrib</artifactId>
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<version>7.6.5</version>
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<version>7.6.9</version>
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</plugin>
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<plugin>
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<groupId>com.h3xstream.findsecbugs</groupId>
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<artifactId>findsecbugs-plugin</artifactId>
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<version>1.13.0</version>
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<version>1.14.0</version>
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</plugin>
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</plugins>
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</configuration>
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</plugin>
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<plugin>
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<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
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<artifactId>maven-pmd-plugin</artifactId>
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<version>3.25.0</version>
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<version>3.26.0</version>
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<configuration>
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<printFailingErrors>true</printFailingErrors>
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<includeTests>true</includeTests>

‎spotbugs-exclude.xml‎

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<Match>
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<Bug pattern="INT_BAD_REM_BY_1" />
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</Match>
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<Match>
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<Bug pattern="ICAST_IDIV_CAST_TO_DOUBLE" />
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</Match>
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<Match>
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<Bug pattern="FE_FLOATING_POINT_EQUALITY" />
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</Match>
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<Match>
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<Bug pattern="RCN_REDUNDANT_NULLCHECK_OF_NONNULL_VALUE" />
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</Match>
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<Match>
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<Bug pattern="AT_STALE_THREAD_WRITE_OF_PRIMITIVE" />
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</Match>
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<!-- fb-contrib -->
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<Match>
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<Bug pattern="LSC_LITERAL_STRING_COMPARISON" />
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<Match>
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<Bug pattern="BL_BURYING_LOGIC" />
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</Match>
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<Match>
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<Bug pattern="PCOA_PARTIALLY_CONSTRUCTED_OBJECT_ACCESS" />
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</Match>
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<Match>
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<Bug pattern="UTWR_USE_TRY_WITH_RESOURCES" />
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</Match>

‎src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/audiofilters/EMAFilter.java‎

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package com.thealgorithms.audiofilters;
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/**
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* Exponential Moving Average (EMA) Filter for smoothing audio signals.
5+
*
6+
* <p>This filter applies an exponential moving average to a sequence of audio
7+
* signal values, making it useful for smoothing out rapid fluctuations.
8+
* The smoothing factor (alpha) controls the degree of smoothing.
9+
*
10+
* <p>Based on the definition from
11+
* <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_average">Wikipedia link</a>.
12+
*/
13+
public class EMAFilter {
14+
private final double alpha;
15+
private double emaValue;
16+
/**
17+
* Constructs an EMA filter with a given smoothing factor.
18+
*
19+
* @param alpha Smoothing factor (0 < alpha <= 1)
20+
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if alpha is not in (0, 1]
21+
*/
22+
public EMAFilter(double alpha) {
23+
if (alpha <= 0 || alpha > 1) {
24+
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Alpha must be between 0 and 1.");
25+
}
26+
this.alpha = alpha;
27+
this.emaValue = 0.0;
28+
}
29+
/**
30+
* Applies the EMA filter to an audio signal array.
31+
*
32+
* @param audioSignal Array of audio samples to process
33+
* @return Array of processed (smoothed) samples
34+
*/
35+
public double[] apply(double[] audioSignal) {
36+
if (audioSignal.length == 0) {
37+
return new double[0];
38+
}
39+
double[] emaSignal = new double[audioSignal.length];
40+
emaValue = audioSignal[0];
41+
emaSignal[0] = emaValue;
42+
for (int i = 1; i < audioSignal.length; i++) {
43+
emaValue = alpha * audioSignal[i] + (1 - alpha) * emaValue;
44+
emaSignal[i] = emaValue;
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}
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return emaSignal;
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}
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}

‎src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/backtracking/ArrayCombination.java‎

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for (int i = start; i < n; i++) {
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current.add(i);
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combine(combinations, current, i + 1, n, k);
51-
current.removeLast(); // Backtrack
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current.remove(current.size() - 1); // Backtrack
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}
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}
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}

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