diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/plugin.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/plugin.ts
index 71fc7c00..919a74a6 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/plugin.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/plugin.ts
@@ -679,7 +679,10 @@ export default function vitePluginRsc(
         if (id === '\0virtual:vite-rsc/assets-manifest') {
           assert(this.environment.name !== 'client')
           assert(this.environment.mode === 'dev')
-          const entryUrl = assetsURL('@id/__x00__' + VIRTUAL_ENTRIES.browser)
+          const entryUrl = assetsURL(
+            '@id/__x00__' + VIRTUAL_ENTRIES.browser,
+            this.environment.config,
+          )
           const manifest: AssetsManifest = {
             bootstrapScriptContent: `import(${serializeValueWithRuntime(entryUrl)})`,
             clientReferenceDeps: {},
@@ -697,7 +700,8 @@ export default function vitePluginRsc(
         if (this.environment.name === 'client') {
           const filterAssets =
             rscPluginOptions.copyServerAssetsToClient ?? (() => true)
-          const rscBuildOptions = config.environments.rsc!.build
+          const rscBuildOptions =
+            this.environment.config.environments.rsc!.build
           const rscViteManifest =
             typeof rscBuildOptions.manifest === 'string'
               ? rscBuildOptions.manifest
@@ -716,10 +720,13 @@ export default function vitePluginRsc(
           const serverResources: Record<string, AssetDeps> = {}
           const rscAssetDeps = collectAssetDeps(rscBundle)
           for (const [id, meta] of Object.entries(serverResourcesMetaMap)) {
-            serverResources[meta.key] = assetsURLOfDeps({
-              js: [],
-              css: rscAssetDeps[id]?.deps.css ?? [],
-            })
+            serverResources[meta.key] = assetsURLOfDeps(
+              {
+                js: [],
+                css: rscAssetDeps[id]?.deps.css ?? [],
+              },
+              this.environment.config,
+            )
           }
 
           const assetDeps = collectAssetDeps(bundle)
@@ -727,12 +734,16 @@ export default function vitePluginRsc(
             (v) => v.chunk.name === 'index',
           )
           assert(entry)
-          const entryUrl = assetsURL(entry.chunk.fileName)
+          const entryUrl = assetsURL(
+            entry.chunk.fileName,
+            this.environment.config,
+          )
           const clientReferenceDeps: Record<string, AssetDeps> = {}
           for (const [id, meta] of Object.entries(clientReferenceMetaMap)) {
             const deps: AssetDeps = assetDeps[id]?.deps ?? { js: [], css: [] }
             clientReferenceDeps[meta.referenceKey] = assetsURLOfDeps(
               mergeAssetDeps(deps, entry.deps),
+              this.environment.config,
             )
           }
           let bootstrapScriptContent: string | RuntimeAsset
@@ -837,8 +848,7 @@ window.__vite_plugin_react_preamble_installed__ = true;
         const resolvedEntry = await this.resolve(source)
         assert(resolvedEntry, `[vite-rsc] failed to resolve entry '${source}'`)
         code += `await import(${JSON.stringify(resolvedEntry.id)});`
-        // server css is normally removed via `RemoveDuplicateServerCss` on useEffect.
-        // this also makes sure they are removed on hmr in case initial rendering failed.
+        // TODO: this doesn't have to wait for "vite:beforeUpdate" and should do it right after browser css import.
         code += /* js */ `
 const ssrCss = document.querySelectorAll("link[rel='stylesheet']");
 import.meta.hot.on("vite:beforeUpdate", () => {
@@ -1422,7 +1432,7 @@ function serializeValueWithRuntime(value: any) {
   return result
 }
 
-function assetsURL(url: string) {
+function assetsURL(url: string, config: ResolvedConfig) {
   if (
     config.command === 'build' &&
     typeof config.experimental?.renderBuiltUrl === 'function'
@@ -1452,15 +1462,15 @@ function assetsURL(url: string) {
   return config.base + url
 }
 
-function assetsURLOfDeps(deps: AssetDeps) {
+function assetsURLOfDeps(deps: AssetDeps, config: ResolvedConfig) {
   return {
     js: deps.js.map((href) => {
       assert(typeof href === 'string')
-      return assetsURL(href)
+      return assetsURL(href, config)
     }),
     css: deps.css.map((href) => {
       assert(typeof href === 'string')
-      return assetsURL(href)
+      return assetsURL(href, config)
     }),
   }
 }
@@ -1769,7 +1779,9 @@ export function vitePluginRscCss(
           for (const file of [mod.file, ...result.visitedFiles]) {
             this.addWatchFile(file)
           }
-          const hrefs = result.hrefs.map((href) => assetsURL(href.slice(1)))
+          const hrefs = result.hrefs.map((href) =>
+            assetsURL(href.slice(1), this.environment.config),
+          )
           return `export default ${serializeValueWithRuntime(hrefs)}`
         }
       },
@@ -1856,10 +1868,15 @@ export function vitePluginRscCss(
               '@id/__x00__virtual:vite-rsc/importer-resources-browser?importer=' +
                 encodeURIComponent(importer),
             ]
-            const deps = assetsURLOfDeps({ css: cssHrefs, js: jsHrefs })
+            const deps = assetsURLOfDeps(
+              { css: cssHrefs, js: jsHrefs },
+              this.environment.config,
+            )
             return generateResourcesCode(serializeValueWithRuntime(deps))
           } else {
-            const key = normalizePath(path.relative(config.root, importer))
+            const key = normalizePath(
+              path.relative(this.environment.config.root, importer),
+            )
             serverResourcesMetaMap[importer] = { key }
             return `
               import __vite_rsc_assets_manifest__ from "virtual:vite-rsc/assets-manifest";
@@ -1911,36 +1928,6 @@ export function vitePluginRscCss(
         }
       },
     },
-    createVirtualPlugin(
-      'vite-rsc/remove-duplicate-server-css',
-      async function () {
-        // Remove duplicate css during dev due to server rendered <link> and client inline <style>
-        // https://github.com/remix-run/react-router/blob/166fd940e7d5df9ed005ca68e12de53b1d88324a/packages/react-router/lib/dom-export/hydrated-router.tsx#L245-L274
-        assert.equal(this.environment.mode, 'dev')
-        function removeFn() {
-          document
-            .querySelectorAll("link[rel='stylesheet']")
-            .forEach((node) => {
-              if (
-                node instanceof HTMLElement &&
-                node.dataset.precedence?.startsWith('vite-rsc/')
-              ) {
-                node.remove()
-              }
-            })
-        }
-        return `\
-"use client"
-import React from "react";
-export default function RemoveDuplicateServerCss() {
-  React.useEffect(() => {
-    (${removeFn.toString()})();
-  }, []);
-  return null;
-}
-`
-      },
-    ),
   ]
 }
 
@@ -1971,7 +1958,6 @@ function generateResourcesCode(depsCode: string) {
   const ResourcesFn = (
     React: typeof import('react'),
     deps: ResolvedAssetDeps,
-    RemoveDuplicateServerCss?: React.FC,
   ) => {
     return function Resources() {
       return React.createElement(React.Fragment, null, [
@@ -1992,29 +1978,14 @@ function generateResourcesCode(depsCode: string) {
             src: href,
           }),
         ),
-        RemoveDuplicateServerCss &&
-          React.createElement(RemoveDuplicateServerCss, {
-            key: 'remove-duplicate-css',
-          }),
       ])
     }
   }
 
   return `
-import __vite_rsc_react__ from "react";
-
-${
-  config.command === 'serve'
-    ? `import RemoveDuplicateServerCss from "virtual:vite-rsc/remove-duplicate-server-css";`
-    : `const RemoveDuplicateServerCss = undefined;`
-}
-
-export const Resources = (${ResourcesFn.toString()})(
-  __vite_rsc_react__,
-  ${depsCode},
-  RemoveDuplicateServerCss,
-);
-`
+    import __vite_rsc_react__ from "react";
+    export const Resources = (${ResourcesFn.toString()})(__vite_rsc_react__, ${depsCode});
+  `
 }
 
 export async function transformRscCssExport(options: {