diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/browser.test.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/browser.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3b5898047
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/browser.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import { expect, test } from '@playwright/test'
+import { useFixture } from './fixture'
+import { defineStarterTest } from './starter'
+import path from 'node:path'
+import fs from 'node:fs'
+
+// Webkit fails by
+// > TypeError: ReadableByteStreamController is not implemented
+test.skip(({ browserName }) => browserName === 'webkit')
+
+test.describe('dev-browser', () => {
+ const f = useFixture({ root: 'examples/browser', mode: 'dev' })
+ defineStarterTest(f, 'no-ssr')
+})
+
+test.describe('build-browser', () => {
+ const f = useFixture({ root: 'examples/browser', mode: 'build' })
+ defineStarterTest(f, 'no-ssr')
+
+ test('no ssr build', () => {
+ expect(fs.existsSync(path.join(f.root, 'dist/ssr'))).toBe(false)
+ })
+})
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/README.md b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84f3c673e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# `rsc` environment on browser
+
+See also https://github.com/hi-ogawa/vite-rsc-browser-example/
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/index.html b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..590485e64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+
+
+
+
+ RSC on Browser
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/lib/dev-proxy.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/lib/dev-proxy.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0a08e6995
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/lib/dev-proxy.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import { ESModulesEvaluator, ModuleRunner } from 'vite/module-runner'
+
+const runner = new ModuleRunner(
+ {
+ sourcemapInterceptor: false,
+ transport: {
+ invoke: async (payload) => {
+ const response = await fetch(
+ '/@vite/invoke-rsc?' +
+ new URLSearchParams({
+ data: JSON.stringify(payload),
+ }),
+ )
+ return response.json()
+ },
+ },
+ hmr: false,
+ },
+ new ESModulesEvaluator(),
+)
+
+export default new Proxy(
+ {},
+ {
+ get(_target, p, _receiver) {
+ return async (...args: any[]) => {
+ const module = await runner.import('/src/framework/entry.rsc')
+ return module.default[p](...args)
+ }
+ },
+ },
+)
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/lib/plugin.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/lib/plugin.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c12582c01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/lib/plugin.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+import { rmSync } from 'node:fs'
+import path from 'node:path'
+import { normalizePath, type Plugin } from 'vite'
+
+export default function vitePluginRscBrowser(): Plugin[] {
+ return [
+ {
+ name: 'rsc-browser',
+ config() {
+ return {
+ appType: 'spa',
+ environments: {
+ client: {
+ build: {
+ emptyOutDir: false,
+ },
+ },
+ // TODO: server build is not hashed
+ rsc: {
+ build: {
+ outDir: 'dist/client/__server',
+ },
+ keepProcessEnv: false,
+ resolve: {
+ noExternal: true,
+ },
+ optimizeDeps: {
+ esbuildOptions: {
+ platform: 'neutral',
+ },
+ },
+ },
+ },
+ rsc: {
+ serverHandler: false,
+ },
+ }
+ },
+ configResolved(config) {
+ // avoid globalThis.AsyncLocalStorage injection in browser mode
+ const plugin = config.plugins.find(
+ (p) => p.name === 'rsc:inject-async-local-storage',
+ )
+ delete plugin!.transform
+ },
+ buildApp: {
+ order: 'pre',
+ async handler() {
+ // clean up nested outDir
+ rmSync('./dist', { recursive: true, force: true })
+ },
+ },
+ configureServer(server) {
+ server.middlewares.use(async (req, res, next) => {
+ const url = new URL(req.url ?? '/', 'https://any.local')
+ if (url.pathname === '/@vite/invoke-rsc') {
+ const payload = JSON.parse(url.searchParams.get('data')!)
+ const result =
+ await server.environments['rsc']!.hot.handleInvoke(payload)
+ res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json')
+ res.end(JSON.stringify(result))
+ return
+ }
+ next()
+ })
+ },
+ },
+ {
+ name: 'rsc-browser:load-rsc',
+ resolveId(source) {
+ if (source === 'virtual:vite-rsc-browser/load-rsc') {
+ if (this.environment.mode === 'dev') {
+ return this.resolve('/lib/dev-proxy')
+ }
+ return { id: source, external: true }
+ }
+ },
+ renderChunk(code, chunk) {
+ if (code.includes('virtual:vite-rsc-browser/load-rsc')) {
+ const config = this.environment.getTopLevelConfig()
+ const replacement = normalizeRelativePath(
+ path.relative(
+ path.join(
+ config.environments.client.build.outDir,
+ chunk.fileName,
+ '..',
+ ),
+ path.join(config.environments.rsc.build.outDir, 'index.js'),
+ ),
+ )
+ code = code.replaceAll(
+ 'virtual:vite-rsc-browser/load-rsc',
+ () => replacement,
+ )
+ return { code }
+ }
+ },
+ },
+ ]
+}
+
+function normalizeRelativePath(s: string): string {
+ s = normalizePath(s)
+ return s[0] === '.' ? s : './' + s
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/lib/runtime.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/lib/runtime.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c505946b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/lib/runtime.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export function loadEntryRsc() {
+ return import('virtual:vite-rsc-browser/load-rsc' as any)
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/package.json b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..17c85382b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+{
+ "name": "@vitejs/plugin-rsc-examples-browser",
+ "version": "0.0.0",
+ "private": true,
+ "license": "MIT",
+ "type": "module",
+ "scripts": {
+ "dev": "vite",
+ "build": "vite build",
+ "preview": "vite preview"
+ },
+ "dependencies": {
+ "react": "^19.2.0",
+ "react-dom": "^19.2.0"
+ },
+ "devDependencies": {
+ "@types/react": "^19.2.2",
+ "@types/react-dom": "^19.2.2",
+ "@vitejs/plugin-react": "latest",
+ "@vitejs/plugin-rsc": "latest",
+ "vite": "^7.1.10"
+ }
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/public/vite.svg b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/public/vite.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7b8dfb1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/public/vite.svg
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/src/action.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/src/action.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4fc55d65b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/src/action.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+'use server'
+
+let serverCounter = 0
+
+export async function getServerCounter() {
+ return serverCounter
+}
+
+export async function updateServerCounter(change: number) {
+ serverCounter += change
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/src/assets/react.svg b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/src/assets/react.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6c87de9bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/src/assets/react.svg
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/src/client.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/src/client.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..29bb5d367
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/src/client.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+'use client'
+
+import React from 'react'
+
+export function ClientCounter() {
+ const [count, setCount] = React.useState(0)
+
+ return (
+
+ )
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/src/framework/entry.browser.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/src/framework/entry.browser.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ee086c8b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/src/framework/entry.browser.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+import React from 'react'
+import { createRoot } from 'react-dom/client'
+import {
+ createFromFetch,
+ setServerCallback,
+ createTemporaryReferenceSet,
+ encodeReply,
+} from '@vitejs/plugin-rsc/browser'
+import type { RscPayload } from './entry.rsc'
+import { loadEntryRsc } from '../../lib/runtime'
+
+async function fetchRsc(request: Request): Promise {
+ const module = await loadEntryRsc()
+ return module.default.fetch(request)
+}
+
+async function main() {
+ // stash `setPayload` function to trigger re-rendering
+ // from outside of `BrowserRoot` component (e.g. server function call, navigation, hmr)
+ let setPayload: (v: RscPayload) => void
+
+ const initialPayload = await createFromFetch(
+ fetchRsc(new Request(window.location.href)),
+ )
+
+ // browser root component to (re-)render RSC payload as state
+ function BrowserRoot() {
+ const [payload, setPayload_] = React.useState(initialPayload)
+
+ React.useEffect(() => {
+ setPayload = (v) => React.startTransition(() => setPayload_(v))
+ }, [setPayload_])
+
+ // re-fetch/render on client side navigation
+ React.useEffect(() => {
+ return listenNavigation(() => fetchRscPayload())
+ }, [])
+
+ return payload.root
+ }
+
+ // re-fetch RSC and trigger re-rendering
+ async function fetchRscPayload() {
+ const payload = await createFromFetch(
+ fetchRsc(new Request(window.location.href)),
+ )
+ setPayload(payload)
+ }
+
+ // register a handler which will be internally called by React
+ // on server function request after hydration.
+ setServerCallback(async (id, args) => {
+ const url = new URL(window.location.href)
+ const temporaryReferences = createTemporaryReferenceSet()
+ const payload = await createFromFetch(
+ fetchRsc(
+ new Request(url, {
+ method: 'POST',
+ body: await encodeReply(args, { temporaryReferences }),
+ headers: {
+ 'x-rsc-action': id,
+ },
+ }),
+ ),
+ { temporaryReferences },
+ )
+ setPayload(payload)
+ return payload.returnValue
+ })
+
+ // hydration
+ const browserRoot = (
+
+
+
+ )
+ createRoot(document.body).render(browserRoot)
+
+ // implement server HMR by trigering re-fetch/render of RSC upon server code change
+ if (import.meta.hot) {
+ import.meta.hot.on('rsc:update', () => {
+ fetchRscPayload()
+ })
+ }
+}
+
+// a little helper to setup events interception for client side navigation
+function listenNavigation(onNavigation: () => void) {
+ window.addEventListener('popstate', onNavigation)
+
+ const oldPushState = window.history.pushState
+ window.history.pushState = function (...args) {
+ const res = oldPushState.apply(this, args)
+ onNavigation()
+ return res
+ }
+
+ const oldReplaceState = window.history.replaceState
+ window.history.replaceState = function (...args) {
+ const res = oldReplaceState.apply(this, args)
+ onNavigation()
+ return res
+ }
+
+ function onClick(e: MouseEvent) {
+ let link = (e.target as Element).closest('a')
+ if (
+ link &&
+ link instanceof HTMLAnchorElement &&
+ link.href &&
+ (!link.target || link.target === '_self') &&
+ link.origin === location.origin &&
+ !link.hasAttribute('download') &&
+ e.button === 0 && // left clicks only
+ !e.metaKey && // open in new tab (mac)
+ !e.ctrlKey && // open in new tab (windows)
+ !e.altKey && // download
+ !e.shiftKey &&
+ !e.defaultPrevented
+ ) {
+ e.preventDefault()
+ history.pushState(null, '', link.href)
+ }
+ }
+ document.addEventListener('click', onClick)
+
+ return () => {
+ document.removeEventListener('click', onClick)
+ window.removeEventListener('popstate', onNavigation)
+ window.history.pushState = oldPushState
+ window.history.replaceState = oldReplaceState
+ }
+}
+
+main()
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/src/framework/entry.rsc.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/src/framework/entry.rsc.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8d0195b9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/src/framework/entry.rsc.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import {
+ renderToReadableStream,
+ createTemporaryReferenceSet,
+ decodeReply,
+ loadServerAction,
+ decodeAction,
+ decodeFormState,
+} from '@vitejs/plugin-rsc/rsc'
+import type { ReactFormState } from 'react-dom/client'
+import { Root } from '../root.tsx'
+
+export type RscPayload = {
+ root: React.ReactNode
+ returnValue?: unknown
+ formState?: ReactFormState
+}
+
+async function handler(request: Request): Promise {
+ const isAction = request.method === 'POST'
+ let returnValue: unknown | undefined
+ let formState: ReactFormState | undefined
+ let temporaryReferences: unknown | undefined
+ if (isAction) {
+ const actionId = request.headers.get('x-rsc-action')
+ if (actionId) {
+ const contentType = request.headers.get('content-type')
+ const body = contentType?.startsWith('multipart/form-data')
+ ? await request.formData()
+ : await request.text()
+ temporaryReferences = createTemporaryReferenceSet()
+ const args = await decodeReply(body, { temporaryReferences })
+ const action = await loadServerAction(actionId)
+ returnValue = await action.apply(null, args)
+ } else {
+ const formData = await request.formData()
+ const decodedAction = await decodeAction(formData)
+ const result = await decodedAction()
+ formState = await decodeFormState(result, formData)
+ }
+ }
+
+ const rscPayload: RscPayload = { root: , formState, returnValue }
+ const rscOptions = { temporaryReferences }
+ const rscStream = renderToReadableStream(rscPayload, rscOptions)
+
+ return new Response(rscStream, {
+ headers: {
+ 'content-type': 'text/x-component;charset=utf-8',
+ vary: 'accept',
+ },
+ })
+}
+
+export default {
+ fetch: handler,
+}
+
+if (import.meta.hot) {
+ import.meta.hot.accept()
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/src/index.css b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/src/index.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f4d2128c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/src/index.css
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+:root {
+ font-family: system-ui, Avenir, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
+ line-height: 1.5;
+ font-weight: 400;
+
+ color-scheme: light dark;
+ color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.87);
+ background-color: #242424;
+
+ font-synthesis: none;
+ text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
+ -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
+ -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
+}
+
+a {
+ font-weight: 500;
+ color: #646cff;
+ text-decoration: inherit;
+}
+a:hover {
+ color: #535bf2;
+}
+
+body {
+ margin: 0;
+ display: flex;
+ place-items: center;
+ min-width: 320px;
+ min-height: 100vh;
+}
+
+h1 {
+ font-size: 3.2em;
+ line-height: 1.1;
+}
+
+button {
+ border-radius: 8px;
+ border: 1px solid transparent;
+ padding: 0.6em 1.2em;
+ font-size: 1em;
+ font-weight: 500;
+ font-family: inherit;
+ background-color: #1a1a1a;
+ cursor: pointer;
+ transition: border-color 0.25s;
+}
+button:hover {
+ border-color: #646cff;
+}
+button:focus,
+button:focus-visible {
+ outline: 4px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;
+}
+
+@media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
+ :root {
+ color: #213547;
+ background-color: #ffffff;
+ }
+ a:hover {
+ color: #747bff;
+ }
+ button {
+ background-color: #f9f9f9;
+ }
+}
+
+#root {
+ max-width: 1280px;
+ margin: 0 auto;
+ padding: 2rem;
+ text-align: center;
+}
+
+.logo {
+ height: 6em;
+ padding: 1.5em;
+ will-change: filter;
+ transition: filter 300ms;
+}
+.logo:hover {
+ filter: drop-shadow(0 0 2em #646cffaa);
+}
+.logo.react:hover {
+ filter: drop-shadow(0 0 2em #61dafbaa);
+}
+
+@keyframes logo-spin {
+ from {
+ transform: rotate(0deg);
+ }
+ to {
+ transform: rotate(360deg);
+ }
+}
+
+@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
+ a:nth-of-type(2) .logo {
+ animation: logo-spin infinite 20s linear;
+ }
+}
+
+.card {
+ padding: 1rem;
+}
+
+.read-the-docs {
+ color: #888;
+ text-align: left;
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/src/root.tsx b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/src/root.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9baa7b9c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/src/root.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import './index.css' // css import is automatically injected in exported server components
+import viteLogo from '/vite.svg'
+import { getServerCounter, updateServerCounter } from './action.tsx'
+import reactLogo from './assets/react.svg'
+import { ClientCounter } from './client.tsx'
+
+export function Root() {
+ return
+}
+
+function App() {
+ return (
+
+
+
Vite + RSC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ -
+ Edit
src/client.tsx to test client HMR.
+
+ -
+ Edit
src/root.tsx to test server HMR.
+
+
+
+ )
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/tsconfig.json b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/tsconfig.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4c355ed3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/tsconfig.json
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+ "compilerOptions": {
+ "erasableSyntaxOnly": true,
+ "allowImportingTsExtensions": true,
+ "strict": true,
+ "noUnusedLocals": true,
+ "noUnusedParameters": true,
+ "skipLibCheck": true,
+ "verbatimModuleSyntax": true,
+ "noEmit": true,
+ "moduleResolution": "Bundler",
+ "module": "ESNext",
+ "target": "ESNext",
+ "lib": ["ESNext", "DOM", "DOM.Iterable"],
+ "types": ["vite/client", "@vitejs/plugin-rsc/types"],
+ "jsx": "react-jsx"
+ }
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/vite.config.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/vite.config.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..47e029848
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser/vite.config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import { defineConfig } from 'vite'
+import react from '@vitejs/plugin-react'
+import rsc from '@vitejs/plugin-rsc'
+import rscBrowser from './lib/plugin'
+
+export default defineConfig({
+ plugins: [
+ react(),
+ rscBrowser(),
+ rsc({
+ entries: {
+ rsc: './src/framework/entry.rsc.tsx',
+ },
+ }),
+ ],
+})
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index 50f77eeb4..886392989 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -565,6 +565,31 @@ importers:
specifier: ^4.43.0
version: 4.43.0
+ packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser:
+ dependencies:
+ react:
+ specifier: ^19.2.0
+ version: 19.2.0
+ react-dom:
+ specifier: ^19.2.0
+ version: 19.2.0(react@19.2.0)
+ devDependencies:
+ '@types/react':
+ specifier: ^19.2.2
+ version: 19.2.2
+ '@types/react-dom':
+ specifier: ^19.2.2
+ version: 19.2.2(@types/react@19.2.2)
+ '@vitejs/plugin-react':
+ specifier: latest
+ version: link:../../../plugin-react
+ '@vitejs/plugin-rsc':
+ specifier: latest
+ version: link:../..
+ vite:
+ specifier: ^7.1.10
+ version: 7.1.10(@types/node@22.18.11)(jiti@2.6.1)(lightningcss@1.30.2)(yaml@2.8.1)
+
packages/plugin-rsc/examples/browser-mode:
dependencies:
react: