Merge pull request #1225 from volatilityfoundation/orphan_threads_v2

Orphan threads v2

Author: ikelos

volatility3/framework/plugins/windows/orphan_kernel_threads.py

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+# This file is Copyright 2024 Volatility Foundation and licensed under the Volatility Software License 1.0
+# which is available at https://www.volatilityfoundation.org/license/vsl-v1.0
+#
+
+import logging
+from typing import List, Generator
+
+from volatility3.framework import interfaces, symbols
+from volatility3.framework.configuration import requirements
+from volatility3.plugins.windows import thrdscan, ssdt
+
+vollog = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class Threads(thrdscan.ThrdScan):
+    """Lists process threads"""
+
+    _required_framework_version = (2, 4, 0)
+    _version = (1, 0, 0)
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.implementation = self.list_orphan_kernel_threads
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_requirements(cls) -> List[interfaces.configuration.RequirementInterface]:
+        # Since we're calling the plugin, make sure we have the plugin's requirements
+        return [
+            requirements.ModuleRequirement(
+                name="kernel",
+                description="Windows kernel",
+                architectures=["Intel32", "Intel64"],
+            ),
+            requirements.PluginRequirement(
+                name="thrdscan", plugin=thrdscan.ThrdScan, version=(1, 1, 0)
+            ),
+            requirements.PluginRequirement(
+                name="ssdt", plugin=ssdt.SSDT, version=(1, 0, 0)
+            ),
+        ]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def list_orphan_kernel_threads(
+        cls,
+        context: interfaces.context.ContextInterface,
+        module_name: str,
+    ) -> Generator[interfaces.objects.ObjectInterface, None, None]:
+        """Yields thread objects of kernel threads that do not map to a module
+
+        Args:
+            cls
+            context: the context to operate upon
+            module_name: name of the module to use for scanning
+        Returns:
+            A generator of thread objects of orphaned threads
+        """
+        module = context.modules[module_name]
+        layer_name = module.layer_name
+        symbol_table = module.symbol_table_name
+
+        collection = ssdt.SSDT.build_module_collection(
+            context, layer_name, symbol_table
+        )
+
+        # FIXME - use a proper constant once established
+        # used to filter out smeared pointers
+        if symbols.symbol_table_is_64bit(context, symbol_table):
+            kernel_start = 0xFFFFF80000000000
+        else:
+            kernel_start = 0x80000000
+
+        for thread in thrdscan.ThrdScan.scan_threads(context, module_name):
+            # we don't want smeared or terminated threads
+            try:
+                proc = thread.owning_process()
+            except AttributeError:
+                continue
+
+            # we only care about kernel threads, 4 = System
+            # previous methods for determining if a thread was a kernel thread
+            # such as bit fields and flags are not stable in Win10+
+            # so we check if the thread is from the kernel itself or one its child
+            # kernel processes (MemCompression, Regsitry, ...)
+            if proc.UniqueProcessId != 4 and proc.InheritedFromUniqueProcessId != 4:
+                continue
+
+            if thread.StartAddress < kernel_start:
+                continue
+
+            module_symbols = list(
+                collection.get_module_symbols_by_absolute_location(thread.StartAddress)
+            )
+
+            # alert on threads that do not map to a module
+            if not module_symbols:
+                yield thread

volatility3/framework/plugins/windows/thrdscan.py

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ class ThrdScan(interfaces.plugins.PluginInterface, timeliner.TimeLinerInterface)
     _version = (1, 1, 0)
 
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        self.implementation = self.scan_threads
         super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.implementation = self.scan_threads
 
     @classmethod
     def get_requirements(cls):
@@ -48,8 +48,7 @@ def scan_threads(
 
         Args:
             context: The context to retrieve required elements (layers, symbol tables) from
-            layer_name: The name of the layer on which to operate
-            symbol_table: The name of the table containing the kernel symbols
+            module_name: Name of the module to use for scanning
 
         Returns:
               A list of _ETHREAD objects found by scanning memory for the "Thre" / "Thr\\xE5" pool signatures

volatility3/framework/plugins/windows/threads.py

@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ class Threads(thrdscan.ThrdScan):
     _version = (1, 0, 0)
 
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        self.implementation = self.list_process_threads
         super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.implementation = self.list_process_threads
 
     @classmethod
     def get_requirements(cls) -> List[interfaces.configuration.RequirementInterface]:
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ def list_threads(
 
         Args:
             proc: _EPROCESS object from which to list the VADs
-            filter_func: Function to take a virtual address descriptor value and return True if it should be filtered out
 
         Returns:
             A list of threads based on the process and filtered based on the filter function
@@ -64,22 +63,19 @@ def list_threads(
             seen.add(thread.vol.offset)
             yield thread
 
-    @classmethod
-    def filter_func(cls, config: interfaces.configuration.HierarchicalDict) -> Callable:
-        return pslist.PsList.create_pid_filter(config.get("pid", None))
-
     @classmethod
     def list_process_threads(
         cls,
         context: interfaces.context.ContextInterface,
         module_name: str,
-        filter_func: Callable,
     ) -> Iterable[interfaces.objects.ObjectInterface]:
         """Runs through all processes and lists threads for each process"""
         module = context.modules[module_name]
         layer_name = module.layer_name
         symbol_table_name = module.symbol_table_name
 
+        filter_func = pslist.PsList.create_pid_filter(context.config.get("pid", None))
+
         for proc in pslist.PsList.list_processes(
             context=context,
             layer_name=layer_name,