Epic: `vortex-compute` compute functions

[connortsui20]

As of right now, we have these compute functions defined in vortex-compute, which is how we share logic for computation in the new operator world:

• arithmetic: Binary Arithmetic
• arrow: convert to Arrow
• cast: Cast to a given DType
• comparison: Binary comparison
• expand: Expands a Buffer to true positions of a Mask
• filter: Filter data by a selection
• logical: Boolean and Kleene logic
• take: Take/gather data according to indices

Note that unticked items above have yet to be fully implemented (as in there are known missing implementations on different types for a given compute function).

There are other compute functions we still need to add (names TBD):

• patches: Apply patches to data (this is the only one we don't already have as a compute function in the old world)
• fill_null: Fill null values with valid data
• invert: We probably don't need this since we have logical?
• is_constant: Data is constant
• is_sorted: Data is sorted
• like: We probably don't need this since we have comparison?
• list_contains: We probably don't need this since we have comparison?
• mask: Replace values with null. This feels very similar to fill_null?
• min_max: The min and max of data
• nan_count: The number of NaN
• sum: The sum of all data
• zip: Element-wise conditional selection between two arrays based on a Mask.

I also think it would be nice to have a reduce compute function that would allow us to generically write the compute functions for is_constant, is_sorted, min_max, nan_count, and sum.

[paultiq]

Moved comment about downstream impact of this to #5801

[connortsui20]

@paultiq I don't think the problem you have brought up belongs here: this issue is for things that are not yet implemented for the big operators refactor we are doing, which should not affect the existing API.

Could you open a new discussion for the above?

We should probably have some sort of tag for the operators work we are doing @gatesn to disambiguate

[paultiq]

Will do... (will open a new discussion).