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Revert "Change bibliography to other resources (#2350)" (#2357)
This reverts commit f8ace3038d2564711d54e39c2c443be678f66e1f.
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content-assets/wcag-act-rules/testcases.json

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"website": "https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/act/rules/",
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"license": "https://act-rules.github.io/pages/license/",
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"description": "Accessibility conformance testing rules for HTML",
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"count": 1186,
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"count": 1184,
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"testcases": [
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{
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"ruleId": "674b10",
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"ruleName": "Focusable element has no keyboard trap via standard navigation",
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"ruleAccessibilityRequirements": null,
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"expected": "passed",
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"testcaseId": "dcf917e0b17ba9ddbd9fe01239a94519b5bc0458",
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"testcaseId": "6ee6cdfc0ae79ec72379b9ee4df9c1920b09ba15",
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"testcaseTitle": "Passed Example 4",
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"relativePath": "testcases/a1b64e/dcf917e0b17ba9ddbd9fe01239a94519b5bc0458.html",
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"url": "https://www.w3.org/WAI/content-assets/wcag-act-rules/testcases/a1b64e/dcf917e0b17ba9ddbd9fe01239a94519b5bc0458.html",
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"relativePath": "testcases/a1b64e/6ee6cdfc0ae79ec72379b9ee4df9c1920b09ba15.html",
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"url": "https://www.w3.org/WAI/content-assets/wcag-act-rules/testcases/a1b64e/6ee6cdfc0ae79ec72379b9ee4df9c1920b09ba15.html",
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"rulePage": "https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/act/rules/a1b64e/proposed/"
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},
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{
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}
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},
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"expected": "inapplicable",
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"testcaseId": "bd56be0bc987f29ac92355ed781fe06ae8e57176",
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"testcaseId": "351e4bd097e4e1217d64a6c32ae09987c8d4db4a",
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"testcaseTitle": "Inapplicable Example 4",
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"relativePath": "testcases/674b10/bd56be0bc987f29ac92355ed781fe06ae8e57176.html",
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"url": "https://www.w3.org/WAI/content-assets/wcag-act-rules/testcases/674b10/bd56be0bc987f29ac92355ed781fe06ae8e57176.html",
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"relativePath": "testcases/674b10/351e4bd097e4e1217d64a6c32ae09987c8d4db4a.html",
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"url": "https://www.w3.org/WAI/content-assets/wcag-act-rules/testcases/674b10/351e4bd097e4e1217d64a6c32ae09987c8d4db4a.html",
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"rulePage": "https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/act/rules/674b10/proposed/"
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},
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{
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"ruleId": "4e8ab6",
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"ruleName": "Element with role attribute has required states and properties",
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"ruleAccessibilityRequirements": {
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"wcag-technique:ARIA5": {
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"forConformance": false,
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"failed": "not satisfied",
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"passed": "further testing needed",
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"inapplicable": "further testing needed"
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},
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"aria12:requiredState": {
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"title": "ARIA 1.2, 5.2.2 Required States and Properties",
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"forConformance": true,
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"failed": "not satisfied",
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"passed": "satisfied",
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"inapplicable": "satisfied"
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},
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"wcag20:1.3.1": {
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"secondary": "This success criterion is **less strict** than this rule. This is because browsers and assistive technologies will often fall back on a non-standard default value, which may be sufficient. Some of the failed examples may satisfy this success criterion."
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},
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"wcag20:4.1.2": {
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"secondary": "This success criterion is **less strict** than this rule. This is because browsers and assistive technologies will often fall back on a non-standard default value, which may be sufficient. Some of the failed examples may satisfy this success criterion."
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}
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},
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"expected": "passed",
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"testcaseId": "8122ef64b86fcd30dadeea664029af028382d1b4",
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"testcaseTitle": "Passed Example 6",
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"relativePath": "testcases/4e8ab6/8122ef64b86fcd30dadeea664029af028382d1b4.html",
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"url": "https://www.w3.org/WAI/content-assets/wcag-act-rules/testcases/4e8ab6/8122ef64b86fcd30dadeea664029af028382d1b4.html",
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"rulePage": "https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/act/rules/4e8ab6/proposed/"
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},
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{
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"ruleId": "4e8ab6",
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"ruleName": "Element with role attribute has required states and properties",
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"ruleAccessibilityRequirements": {
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"wcag-technique:ARIA5": {
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"forConformance": false,
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"failed": "not satisfied",
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"passed": "further testing needed",
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"inapplicable": "further testing needed"
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},
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"aria12:requiredState": {
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"title": "ARIA 1.2, 5.2.2 Required States and Properties",
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"forConformance": true,
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"failed": "not satisfied",
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"passed": "satisfied",
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"inapplicable": "satisfied"
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},
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"wcag20:1.3.1": {
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"secondary": "This success criterion is **less strict** than this rule. This is because browsers and assistive technologies will often fall back on a non-standard default value, which may be sufficient. Some of the failed examples may satisfy this success criterion."
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},
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"wcag20:4.1.2": {
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"secondary": "This success criterion is **less strict** than this rule. This is because browsers and assistive technologies will often fall back on a non-standard default value, which may be sufficient. Some of the failed examples may satisfy this success criterion."
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}
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},
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"expected": "inapplicable",
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"testcaseId": "cde160492f9d0a309b4f8624e51d3380b318b046",
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"testcaseTitle": "Inapplicable Example 2",
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"relativePath": "testcases/4e8ab6/cde160492f9d0a309b4f8624e51d3380b318b046.html",
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"url": "https://www.w3.org/WAI/content-assets/wcag-act-rules/testcases/4e8ab6/cde160492f9d0a309b4f8624e51d3380b318b046.html",
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"rulePage": "https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/act/rules/4e8ab6/proposed/"
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},
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{
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"ruleId": "0ssw9k",
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"ruleName": "Scrollable content can be reached with sequential focus navigation",
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}
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},
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"expected": "passed",
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"testcaseId": "fa27b58829c18976ac66f3874f40c5be712fe64b",
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"testcaseId": "c5f649f91ebe4979270972db7c42279a74efc6c5",
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"testcaseTitle": "Passed Example 3",
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"relativePath": "testcases/0ssw9k/fa27b58829c18976ac66f3874f40c5be712fe64b.html",
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"url": "https://www.w3.org/WAI/content-assets/wcag-act-rules/testcases/0ssw9k/fa27b58829c18976ac66f3874f40c5be712fe64b.html",
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"relativePath": "testcases/0ssw9k/c5f649f91ebe4979270972db7c42279a74efc6c5.html",
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"url": "https://www.w3.org/WAI/content-assets/wcag-act-rules/testcases/0ssw9k/c5f649f91ebe4979270972db7c42279a74efc6c5.html",
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"rulePage": "https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/act/rules/0ssw9k/proposed/"
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},
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{

content/rules/047fe0/proposed.md

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feedbackmail: [email protected]
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<p><strong>Rule Identifier:</strong> 047fe0</p>
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<p><strong>Date:</strong> Updated 6 October 2025</p>
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<p><strong>Date:</strong> Updated 7 October 2025</p>
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<p><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/Jym77">Jean-Yves Moyen</a>. Contributors: <a href="https://www.w3.org/community/act-r/participants">Participants of the ACT Rules Community Group (CG)</a>.</p>
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<p>This rule was written in the <a href="https://w3.org/community/act-r/">ACT Rules Community Group</a>. It is written as part of the EU-funded <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/about/projects/wai-tools/">WAI-Tools Project</a>. Implementations are part of the EU funded <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/about/projects/wai-coop/">WAI-CooP Project</a>. It will be reviewed by the Accessibility Guidelines Working Group (<a href="https://www.w3.org/groups/wg/ag">AG WG</a>).</p>
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original_file: document-has-headings-for-non-repeated-content-047fe0.md
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description: |
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This rule checks that the non-repeated content contains a heading
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last_modified: 6 October 2025
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last_modified: 7 October 2025
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---
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## Applicability
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- Having a heading for the non-repeated content is sufficient to pass [Success Criterion 2.4.1 Bypass blocks][sc241]. However, if headings are used for that goal, they will only benefit users who can actually navigate from heading to heading (such a functionality can be provided by browsers, browsers plugins, screen readers or other assistive technologies). Users without any possibility for headings navigation will be left without way of bypassing blocks of repeated content and will still experience accessibility issues. Therefore, it is recommended to provide other ways of bypassing blocks.
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- When headings are rendered without sufficient visual cues, they are not perceived as headings by sighted users. In this case, passing this rule might still fail [Technique H69: Providing heading elements at the beginning of each section of content][h69] and [Success Criterion 2.4.1 Bypass blocks][sc241]. Additionally, this is likely a failure of [Success Criterion 1.3.1 Info and Relationships][sc131].
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### Other Resources
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### Bibliography
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- [Understanding Success Criterion 2.4.1: Bypass Blocks][usc241]
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- [H69: Providing heading elements at the beginning of each section of content][h69]

content/rules/09o5cg/proposed.md

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feedbackmail: [email protected]
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<p><strong>Rule Identifier:</strong> 09o5cg</p>
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<p><strong>Date:</strong> Updated 6 October 2025</p>
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<p><strong>Date:</strong> Updated 7 October 2025</p>
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<p><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/Jym77">Jean-Yves Moyen</a>. Contributors: <a href="https://www.w3.org/community/act-r/participants">Participants of the ACT Rules Community Group (CG)</a>.</p>
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<p>This rule was written in the <a href="https://w3.org/community/act-r/">ACT Rules Community Group</a>. It is written as part of the EU-funded <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/about/projects/wai-tools/">WAI-Tools Project</a>. Implementations are part of the EU funded <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/about/projects/wai-coop/">WAI-CooP Project</a>. It will be reviewed by the Accessibility Guidelines Working Group (<a href="https://www.w3.org/groups/wg/ag">AG WG</a>).</p>
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original_file: text-contrast-enhanced-09o5cg.md
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This rule checks that the highest possible contrast of every text character with its background meets the enhanced contrast requirement.
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last_modified: 7 October 2025
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- Different browsers have different levels of support for CSS. This can cause contrast issues in one browser that do not appear in another. Because of that, this rule can produce different results depending on the browser that is used. For example, a text that is positioned using CSS transform may be on a different background in a browser that does not support CSS transform.
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- Implementation of [Presentational Roles Conflict Resolution][] varies from one browser or assistive technology to another. Depending on this, some elements can have a [semantic role][] of `none` and fail this rule with some technology but users of other technologies would not experience any accessibility issue.
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### Bibliography
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- [Understanding Success Criterion 1.4.6: Contrast (Enhanced)](https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/contrast-enhanced.html)
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- [G17: Ensuring that a contrast ratio of at least 7:1 exists between text (and images of text) and background behind the text](https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Techniques/general/G17)

content/rules/0ssw9k/proposed.md

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feedbackmail: [email protected]
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<p><strong>Rule Identifier:</strong> 0ssw9k</p>
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<p><strong>Date:</strong> Updated 6 October 2025</p>
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<p><strong>Date:</strong> Updated 7 October 2025</p>
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<p><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/wilcofiers">Wilco Fiers</a>. Contributors: <a href="https://www.w3.org/community/act-r/participants">Participants of the ACT Rules Community Group (CG)</a>.</p>
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<p>This rule was written in the <a href="https://w3.org/community/act-r/">ACT Rules Community Group</a>. It is written as part of the EU-funded <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/about/projects/wai-tools/">WAI-Tools Project</a>. Implementations are part of the EU funded <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/about/projects/wai-coop/">WAI-CooP Project</a>. It will be reviewed by the Accessibility Guidelines Working Group (<a href="https://www.w3.org/groups/wg/ag">AG WG</a>).</p>
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This rule checks that scrollable elements or their descendants can be reached with sequential focus navigation so that they can be scrolled by keyboard
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## Expectation
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For each target element, at least one of the following is true:
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For each target element, at least one of the following is true:
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- the element is included in [sequential focus navigation][]; or
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Some browsers restrict scrolling to the [content box](https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-4/#content-box) of elements; while others allow to scroll the full [border box](https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-4/#border-box), hence including the element's padding. This results in some elements being scrollable with a browser but not with another.
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- [Understanding Success Criterion 2.1.1: Keyboard](https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/keyboard.html)
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<a class="example-link" title="Passed Example 3" target="_blank" href="https://w3.org/WAI/content-assets/wcag-act-rules/testcases/0ssw9k/c5f649f91ebe4979270972db7c42279a74efc6c5.html">Open in a new tab</a>
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This [scrollable][] `section` element is [inert][] because of the modal dialog, so neither the `section` nor its [descendant][] elements are included in [sequential focus navigation][].
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```html
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content/rules/0va7u6/proposed.md

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<p><strong>Rule Identifier:</strong> 0va7u6</p>
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<p><strong>Date:</strong> Updated 7 October 2025</p>
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<p><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/carlosapaduarte">Carlos Duarte</a>, <a href="https://github.com/wilcofiers">Wilco Fiers</a>. Contributors: <a href="https://www.w3.org/community/act-r/participants">Participants of the ACT Rules Community Group (CG)</a>.</p>
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<p>This rule was written in the <a href="https://w3.org/community/act-r/">ACT Rules Community Group</a>. It is written as part of the EU-funded <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/about/projects/wai-tools/">WAI-Tools Project</a>. Implementations are part of the EU funded <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/about/projects/wai-coop/">WAI-CooP Project</a>. It will be reviewed by the Accessibility Guidelines Working Group (<a href="https://www.w3.org/groups/wg/ag">AG WG</a>).</p>
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This rule checks that images of text are not used
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There are no accessibility support issues known.
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- [Understanding Success Criterion 1.4.5: Images of Text][sc1.4.5]
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- [Understanding Success Criterion 1.4.9: Images of Text (No Exception)][sc1.4.9]

content/rules/1a02b0/proposed.md

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<p><strong>Rule Identifier:</strong> 1a02b0</p>
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<p><strong>Date:</strong> Updated 6 October 2025</p>
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<p><strong>Date:</strong> Updated 7 October 2025</p>
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<p><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/brianbors/">Brian Bors</a>, <a href="https://github.com/wilcofiers">Wilco Fiers</a>. Contributors: <a href="https://www.w3.org/community/act-r/participants">Participants of the ACT Rules Community Group (CG)</a>.</p>
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<p>This rule was written in the <a href="https://w3.org/community/act-r/">ACT Rules Community Group</a>. It is written as part of the EU-funded <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/about/projects/wai-tools/">WAI-Tools Project</a>. Implementations are part of the EU funded <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/about/projects/wai-coop/">WAI-CooP Project</a>. It will be reviewed by the Accessibility Guidelines Working Group (<a href="https://www.w3.org/groups/wg/ag">AG WG</a>).</p>
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This rule checks that non-streaming `video` elements have all audio and visual information available in a transcript.
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- [Understanding Success Criterion 1.2.3: Audio Description or Media Alternative (Prerecorded)](https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/audio-description-or-media-alternative-prerecorded)
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- [Understanding Success Criterion 1.2.8: Media Alternative (Prerecorded)](https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/media-alternative-prerecorded)

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