We seek to gain a thorough understanding of the challenges faced by large, complex, and dynamic websites who are attempting to provide accessible services to their web site users. It is expected that a more thorough understanding of these challenges can lead to either a new conformance model, or an alternative model that is more appropriate for large, complex, and/or dynamic websites (in WCAG 3.0).
+We seek to gain a thorough understanding of the challenges faced by large, complex, and dynamic websites who are attempting to provide accessible services to their website users. It is expected that a more thorough understanding of these challenges can lead to either a new conformance model, or an alternative model that is more appropriate for large, complex, and/or dynamic websites (in WCAG 3.0).
This document also includes previously published research from the Silver Task Force and Community Group that is related to Challenges with Accessibility Guidelines Conformance and Testing. There is some overlap between the challenges captured in this published research and the challenges enumerated in the first 4 sections of this document. The research findings have been folded into other sections of this document as appropriate. @@ -316,7 +316,7 @@
Very large, highly dynamic web sites generally aggregate content provided by multiple entities. Many of these are third parties with the ability to add content directly to the website—including potentially every website visitor. The relationship to the 3rd party can be that of a user, a customer, or a professional provider of content such as an advertiser. While the website can provide guidance on how to post content so that it meets accessibility guidance, it is ultimately up to those third parties to understand and correctly implement that guidance. Constraints on page templates and editing facilities can greatly help minimize accessibility issues but, even with automated checks prior to accepting the post, some Success Criteria require human assessment.
+Very large, highly dynamic websites generally aggregate content provided by multiple entities. Many of these are third parties with the ability to add content directly to the website—including potentially every website visitor. The relationship to the 3rd party can be that of a user, a customer, or a professional provider of content such as an advertiser. While the website can provide guidance on how to post content so that it meets accessibility guidance, it is ultimately up to those third parties to understand and correctly implement that guidance. Constraints on page templates and editing facilities can greatly help minimize accessibility issues but, even with automated checks prior to accepting the post, some Success Criteria require human assessment.
Copyright, commercial agreements, and similar constraints that restrict the ability to modify or impose requirements on third party content can also make full conformance claims infeasible.
We know of no useable mitigations to achieve the We know of no useable mitigations to achieve the Accessibility Supported
conformance requirement for public facing web sites. WCAG-EM's Second Note suggests that: For some websites in closed networks, such as an intranet website, where both the users and the computers used to access the website are known, this baseline may be limited to the operating systems, web browsers and assistive
+
Accessibility Supported
conformance requirement for public facing websites. WCAG-EM's Second Note suggests that: For some websites in closed networks, such as an intranet website, where both the users and the computers used to access the website are known, this baseline may be limited to the operating systems, web browsers and assistive
technologies used within this closed network.
It continues saying: However, in most cases this baseline is ideally broader to cover the majority of current user agents used by people with disabilities in any applicable particular geographic region and
language community.
Beyond placing the responsibility on the evaluator to establish this baseline, Note 5 in Understanding Conformance 2.0 suggests that: One way for authors to locate uses of a technology that are accessibility supported would be to consult compilations of uses that are documented to be accessibility supported. … Authors, companies, technology vendors, or others may document accessibility-supported ways of using Web content technologies.
Unfortunately, we know of no such public repository.
Silver Research Problem Statements
What is Strictly Testable
provides an obstacle to including guidance that meets the needs of people with disabilities but is not conducive to a pass/fail test.
What's New in WCAG 2.2 introduces the new success criteria with persona quotes that illustrate the accessibility issues.
See Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) Overview for a description of the WCAG 2.2 supporting material, including education resources related to WCAG 2. Additional resources covering topics such as the business case for Web accessibility, planning implementation to improve the accessibility of Web sites, and accessibility policies are listed in WAI Resources.
+See Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) Overview for a description of the WCAG 2.2 supporting material, including education resources related to WCAG 2. Additional resources covering topics such as the business case for Web accessibility, planning implementation to improve the accessibility of websites, and accessibility policies are listed in WAI Resources.
A concise description of the Web pages, such as a list of URIs for which the claim is made, including whether subdomains are included in the claim.
The Web pages may be described by list or by an expression that describes all of the URIs included in the claim.
-Web-based products that do not have a URI prior to installation on the customer's Web site may have a statement that the product would conform when installed.
+Web-based products that do not have a URI prior to installation on the customer's website may have a statement that the product would conform when installed.
Success Criteria within this specification which the Working Group has identified possible implications for privacy, either by providing protections for end users or which are important for web site providers to take in to consideration when implementing features designed to protect user privacy, are listed below. This list reflects the current understanding of the Working Group but other Success Criteria may have privacy implications that the Working Group is not aware of at the time of publishing.
+Success Criteria within this specification which the Working Group has identified possible implications for privacy, either by providing protections for end users or which are important for website providers to take in to consideration when implementing features designed to protect user privacy, are listed below. This list reflects the current understanding of the Working Group but other Success Criteria may have privacy implications that the Working Group is not aware of at the time of publishing.
Success Criteria within this specification that may relate to privacy are:
Success Criteria within this specification which the Working Group has identified possible implications for security, either by providing protections for end users or which are important for web site providers to take in to consideration when implementing features designed to protect user security, are listed below. This list reflects the current understanding of the Working Group but other Success Criteria may have security implications that the Working Group is not aware of at the time of publishing.
+Success Criteria within this specification which the Working Group has identified possible implications for security, either by providing protections for end users or which are important for website providers to take in to consideration when implementing features designed to protect user security, are listed below. This list reflects the current understanding of the Working Group but other Success Criteria may have security implications that the Working Group is not aware of at the time of publishing.
Success Criteria within this specification that may relate to security are:
"Object recognition" and "Personal content" may be represented by images, video, or audio.
diff --git a/guidelines/terms/20/conforming-alternate-version.html b/guidelines/terms/20/conforming-alternate-version.html index eca187c6b7..50b27b6da1 100644 --- a/guidelines/terms/20/conforming-alternate-version.html +++ b/guidelines/terms/20/conforming-alternate-version.html @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@The conforming alternative version does not need to reside within the scope of conformance, - or even on the same Web site, as long as it is as freely available as the non-conforming + or even on the same website, as long as it is as freely available as the non-conforming version.
diff --git a/guidelines/terms/20/same-functionality.html b/guidelines/terms/20/same-functionality.html index a1a317bd2e..f19c0d3ae7 100644 --- a/guidelines/terms/20/same-functionality.html +++ b/guidelines/terms/20/same-functionality.html @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@same result when used
diff --git a/guidelines/terms/20/web-page.html b/guidelines/terms/20/web-page.html index c54d118efb..da565810b4 100644 --- a/guidelines/terms/20/web-page.html +++ b/guidelines/terms/20/web-page.html @@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ interactive shopping environment where you visually move around in a store dragging products off of the shelves around you and into a visual shopping cart in front of you. Clicking on a product causes it to be demonstrated with a specification sheet - floating alongside. This might be a single-page Web site or just one page within a - Web site. + floating alongside. This might be a single-page website or just one page within a + website. diff --git a/guidelines/terms/21/user-inactivity.html b/guidelines/terms/21/user-inactivity.html index 3bb0ef71d7..fe4ab67b99 100644 --- a/guidelines/terms/21/user-inactivity.html +++ b/guidelines/terms/21/user-inactivity.html @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@any continuous period of time where no user actions occur
-The method of tracking will be determined by the web site or application.
+The method of tracking will be determined by the website or application.
A task that requires the user to remember, manipulate, or transcribe information. Examples include, but are not limited to:
This technique works by creating a CSS selector to target text that is to be hidden. The rule set for the selector places the text to be hidden in a 1-pixel box with overflow:hidden. This ensures the text does not display on screen but remains accessible to assistive technologies such as screen readers and braille displays. Note that the technique does not use visibility:hidden or display:none properties, since these have the effect of hiding the text from assistive technology in addition to preventing on-screen display.
This technique is not a method for hiding complete links, only a section of text within a link. The resources section includes methods for hiding and showing links aimed at screen reader users.
This technique to hide link text has been advocated by some screen reader users and corporate Web authors. It has proved effective on some Web sites. Other screen reader users and accessibility experts don't recommend this as a general technique because the results can be overly chatty and constrain the ability of the experienced screen reader user to control the verbosity. The working group believes the technique can be useful for Web pages that do not have repetitive content in the hidden text areas.
+This technique to hide link text has been advocated by some screen reader users and corporate Web authors. It has proved effective on some websites. Other screen reader users and accessibility experts don't recommend this as a general technique because the results can be overly chatty and constrain the ability of the experienced screen reader user to control the verbosity. The working group believes the technique can be useful for Web pages that do not have repetitive content in the hidden text areas.
This technique can be used in combination with a style switching technique to present a page that is a conforming alternate version for non-conforming content. Refer to C29 and Understanding Conforming Alternate Versions for more information.
blockquote elements to provide addi
not a quotation to give it prominence by indenting it when displayed
in graphical browsers.
-<p>After extensive study of the company Web site, the task force identified
+<p>After extensive study of the company website, the task force identified
the following common problem.</p>
<blockquote>
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F52.html b/techniques/failures/F52.html
index 8522467164..117f156a8a 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F52.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F52.html
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.1 and 3.2.5 due to opening a new window as soon as a new page is loaded Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.1 and 3.2.5 due to opening a new window as soon as a new page is loaded
When to Use
Applies when scripting is used to open new windows.
Description
- Some Web sites open a new window when a page is loaded, to advertise a
+
Some websites open a new window when a page is loaded, to advertise a
product or service. The objective of this technique is to ensure that pages
do not disorient users by opening up one or more new windows that automatically attain focus as soon as a
page is loaded.
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F61.html b/techniques/failures/F61.html
index 27216a6d3e..3979d38734 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F61.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F61.html
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
If there is a change of context and there are no mechanism to prevent that change in context then you have a failure.
- One way to measure or estimate the amount of time in step 1 would be to check a web site's analytics to see how long the average user looks at the page.
+ One way to measure or estimate the amount of time in step 1 would be to check a website's analytics to see how long the average user looks at the page.
An example of step 6 would be a mechanism for turning off auto updates.
Unfamiliar adopted words in Japanese
アクセシビリティ（高齢者・障害者を含む全ての人が利用できること）は、Webサイトに不可欠である。
- English translation: "Accessibility" (it can be accessed by all users including elderly people and people with disabilities) is an essential aspect of the Websites.
+ English translation: "Accessibility" (it can be accessed by all users including elderly people and people with disabilities) is an essential aspect of the websites.
レイアウトテーブルとCSSの併用をハイブリッド（複合型）という。
diff --git a/techniques/general/G103.html b/techniques/general/G103.html
index 12635cdcdf..eeed75f755 100644
--- a/techniques/general/G103.html
+++ b/techniques/general/G103.html
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Screen shots in technical documentation
Illustrations of a complex natural event
- A Web site discusses the tsunami of 2004. The site describes how the tsunami affected different places around the Indian Ocean. Photographs of the devastation in each area are included. Each photograph has a text alternative as required by Success Criterion 1.1.1. The site also explains what happens underwater during a tsunami. The explanation is accompanied by an animation that shows how a tsunami occurs and spreads over the ocean. The animation has a text alternative as required by Success Criterion 1.1.1.
+ A website discusses the tsunami of 2004. The site describes how the tsunami affected different places around the Indian Ocean. Photographs of the devastation in each area are included. Each photograph has a text alternative as required by Success Criterion 1.1.1. The site also explains what happens underwater during a tsunami. The explanation is accompanied by an animation that shows how a tsunami occurs and spreads over the ocean. The animation has a text alternative as required by Success Criterion 1.1.1.
The pages on an organization's Web site include a navigation bar or main menu containing links to major sections of the site, the site map, information about the organization, and how to contact the organization. The first link in this area is titled "Skip Navigation Links". A user activates the link to skip over these links.
+The pages on an organization's website include a navigation bar or main menu containing links to major sections of the site, the site map, information about the organization, and how to contact the organization. The first link in this area is titled "Skip Navigation Links". A user activates the link to skip over these links.
All the pages on a Web site include a section containing links to the site map, information about the organization, and how to contact the organization. All the pages in each section of the site also contain a set of links to its subsections. The first link in the first block is titled "Skip Navigation Links" and skips over the first set of links. The first link in the second block is titled "Skip Section Links" and skips over the subsection links.
+All the pages on a website include a section containing links to the site map, information about the organization, and how to contact the organization. All the pages in each section of the site also contain a set of links to its subsections. The first link in the first block is titled "Skip Navigation Links" and skips over the first set of links. The first link in the second block is titled "Skip Section Links" and skips over the subsection links.
A family Web site contains home pages for all the members of the family. Each page contains a list of links to the home pages of the other family members.
+A family website contains home pages for all the members of the family. Each page contains a list of links to the home pages of the other family members.
All technologies.
The objective of this technique is to enable users to identify the relationship between the current Web page and other Web pages in the same collection (e.g., on the same Web site). In some cases this can be done programmatically—for example by using the +
The objective of this technique is to enable users to identify the relationship between the current Web page and other Web pages in the same collection (e.g., on the same website). In some cases this can be done programmatically—for example by using the
rel
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
A large Web site includes tutorials and reference materials for numerous technologies. The title of each Web page includes the name of the sub-site as well as the organization that produces the site. A large website includes tutorials and reference materials for numerous technologies. The title of each Web page includes the name of the sub-site as well as the organization that produces the site. The layout for a Web page uses a frameset and frames. One of the frames is designated as the navigation frame and another frame displays the content of the Web site. When the user selects a link in the navigation frame, the information related to the link is displayed within the content frame. The text for the selected item in the navigation frame is updated with an asterisk character to indicate that it is the selected topic. The layout for a Web page uses a frameset and frames. One of the frames is designated as the navigation frame and another frame displays the content of the website. When the user selects a link in the navigation frame, the information related to the link is displayed within the content frame. The text for the selected item in the navigation frame is updated with an asterisk character to indicate that it is the selected topic. When using this techique, placing a WCAG-conforming link to alternate content at the top of the page allows users to find the link quickly and to move to the conforming alternate version. To ensure users can always find the alternate version, regardless of where they enter the site, each page that does not conform at the specified level would include a link to the conforming alternate version.The title of a Web page includes the name of the sub-site
- Examples
-
Tests
Procedure
diff --git a/techniques/general/G148.html b/techniques/general/G148.html
index 48cf2e0f8b..9760152255 100644
--- a/techniques/general/G148.html
+++ b/techniques/general/G148.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
having to do any contrast measures by simply not specifying the text color
and not specifying the background. As a result the colors of both are
completely determined by the user agent.
Some people who have vision disabilities set their user agent to override certain colors that they have trouble seeing. This technique will help avoid a situation where the user agent and web site conflict with each other over the foreground and/or background colors resulting in the same color for text and background, which would make it invisible for user who set their own colors in their browser or Assistive Technology.
+Some people who have vision disabilities set their user agent to override certain colors that they have trouble seeing. This technique will help avoid a situation where the user agent and website conflict with each other over the foreground and/or background colors resulting in the same color for text and background, which would make it invisible for user who set their own colors in their browser or Assistive Technology.
Applies to any technology
The purpose of testing for violations of the general and red flash thresholds is to allow people who have photosensitive seizures to view Web sites without encountering material that is likely to cause a seizure. Warnings can be provided but people may miss them and children may not be able to read or understand them. With this technique all material is checked and if it violates flash or red flash thresholds it is either not put on the site or it is modified so that it does not violate the thresholds.
+The purpose of testing for violations of the general and red flash thresholds is to allow people who have photosensitive seizures to view websites without encountering material that is likely to cause a seizure. Warnings can be provided but people may miss them and children may not be able to read or understand them. With this technique all material is checked and if it violates flash or red flash thresholds it is either not put on the site or it is modified so that it does not violate the thresholds.
There are some simple tests that can be run for particular simple types of flashing. For example:
In order to reduce the complexity of the text:
If an actual script was used to create the audio-only content in the first place, this can be a good place to start. In production and editing however, the content often varies somewhat from the script. For this technique, the original script would be corrected to match the dialogue and what actually happens in the final edited form of the audio presentation.
All technologies that include forms.
Providing a search function that searches your Web pages is a design strategy that offers users a way to find content. Users can locate content by searching for specific words or phrases, without needing to understand or navigate through the structure of the Web site. This can be a quicker or easier way to find content, particularly on large sites.
+Providing a search function that searches your Web pages is a design strategy that offers users a way to find content. Users can locate content by searching for specific words or phrases, without needing to understand or navigate through the structure of the website. This can be a quicker or easier way to find content, particularly on large sites.
Some search companies offer sites free access to their search applications. Search engines are available that can be installed on your own server. Some web hosting companies offer search scripts that customers can include on their web pages. Most services also offer paid versions of their tools with more advanced features.
Implementing a search function that will spell-check the terms, include different endings for the terms (stemming), and allow for the use of different terminology (synonyms) will further increase the accessibility of the search function.
The search functionality is added by either including a simple form on the Web page, usually a text field for the search term and a button to trigger the search or by adding a link to a page that includes a search form. The search form itself must be accessible, of course.
diff --git a/techniques/general/G164.html b/techniques/general/G164.html index 94063e020c..a4125930b5 100644 --- a/techniques/general/G164.html +++ b/techniques/general/G164.html @@ -1,20 +1,20 @@All technologies that provide forms.
The objective of this technique is to allow users to recover from errors made when placing an order by providing them with a period of time during which they can cancel or change the order. In general, a contract or an order is a legal commitment and cannot be canceled. However, a Web site may choose to offer this capability, and it provides a way for users to recover from errors.
+The objective of this technique is to allow users to recover from errors made when placing an order by providing them with a period of time during which they can cancel or change the order. In general, a contract or an order is a legal commitment and cannot be canceled. However, a website may choose to offer this capability, and it provides a way for users to recover from errors.
The Web content would need to tell the user how long the cancellation period is after submitting the form and what the procedure would be to cancel the order. The cancellation procedure may not be possible online. It may, for instance, require written notice be sent to an address listed on the Web page.
After submitting the form, the user is informed of the length of the cancellation period and the procedure for canceling the transaction. It's best to provide the cancellation procedure at the same website where the transaction was submitted so that it is as easy to cancel as it was to submit and to accommodate users who may be unable to use other mechanisms. But, if necessary, the cancellation procedure may be provided through some other mechanism or combination of mechanisms as long as it has equivalent cross-disability accessibility. In this case, users are warned prior to submitting the form that they will not be able to cancel their order online.
An online shopping Web site lets users cancel purchases up to 24 hours after they have been made. The Web site explains their policy, and includes a summary of the policy on the purchase receipt emailed to the user. After 24 hours, the purchase will be shipped to the user and can no longer be canceled.
+An online shopping website lets users cancel purchases up to 24 hours after they have been made. The website explains their policy, and includes a summary of the policy on the purchase receipt emailed to the user. After 24 hours, the purchase will be shipped to the user and can no longer be canceled.
A Web site sells custom sports jackets that are made to order. The customer chooses the fabric and provides body measurements for the tailor. The Web site gives customers up to three days to change or cancel an order. Once the material has been cut to the customer's specifications, it is no longer possible to change or cancel the order. The company policy is described on its Web site.
+A website sells custom sports jackets that are made to order. The customer chooses the fabric and provides body measurements for the tailor. The website gives customers up to three days to change or cancel an order. Once the material has been cut to the customer's specifications, it is no longer possible to change or cancel the order. The company policy is described on its website.
An online travel Web site lets users create travel itineraries that reserve seats with different airlines. Users may look up, amend and cancel their current itineraries. If the user needs to cancel their travel plans, they find the itinerary on the Web page and delete it from their list of current itineraries. This action results in the cancellation of their seat reservations and is not reversible. The user is informed that the selected action will cancel their current seat reservations and that it may not be possible to make a comparable booking on the same flights once this action has been taken. The user is asked to confirm or cancel the deletion of the itinerary.
+An online travel website lets users create travel itineraries that reserve seats with different airlines. Users may look up, amend and cancel their current itineraries. If the user needs to cancel their travel plans, they find the itinerary on the Web page and delete it from their list of current itineraries. This action results in the cancellation of their seat reservations and is not reversible. The user is informed that the selected action will cancel their current seat reservations and that it may not be possible to make a comparable booking on the same flights once this action has been taken. The user is asked to confirm or cancel the deletion of the itinerary.
All technologies that contain links.
The objective of this technique is to make it possible for users to locate all the information in a small Web site by providing links to all Web pages from the home page. When the number of pages in the site is small enough, the home page can contain site map information directly. The other pages in the Web site contain links to the home page.
+The objective of this technique is to make it possible for users to locate all the information in a small website by providing links to all Web pages from the home page. When the number of pages in the site is small enough, the home page can contain site map information directly. The other pages in the website contain links to the home page.
In this way, the home page serves as two mechanisms in one. It provides the usual navigation to pages. It also is a de facto site map to the site.
All the Web pages in the site may contain links to all the other pages, and those sets of links satisfy Success Criterion 3.2.3 (Consistent Navigation).
All content.
The purpose of this technique is to help users with cognitive disabilities, blindness and vision loss to understand what will happen when they interact with a function on a Web page. If there are different labels on user interface components (i.e., elements, links, JavaScript objects, etc.) that have the same function, the user will not know that they have encountered a component with the same function and will not know what to expect. This could lead to many unnecessary errors. It is also recommended that this approach to consistent labelling be applied across the Web site.
+The purpose of this technique is to help users with cognitive disabilities, blindness and vision loss to understand what will happen when they interact with a function on a Web page. If there are different labels on user interface components (i.e., elements, links, JavaScript objects, etc.) that have the same function, the user will not know that they have encountered a component with the same function and will not know what to expect. This could lead to many unnecessary errors. It is also recommended that this approach to consistent labelling be applied across the website.
A page on a secure Web site includes a link to an external page that is outside of the secure session. The link opens in a new window or tab since opening the link in the same window will break or destroy the secure session.
+A page on a secure website includes a link to an external page that is outside of the secure session. The link opens in a new window or tab since opening the link in the same window will break or destroy the secure session.
The Web Accessibility Initiative provides a WAI site map - that lists different sections of its Web site. The site map shows the different sections of the Web site, and shows some of the substructure within those sections.
+ that lists different sections of its website. The site map shows the different sections of the website, and shows some of the substructure within those sections.All technologies.
This is one of a series of techniques for locating content that are sufficient for addressing Success Criterion 2.4.5. - A table of contents provides links to sections and subsections of the same document. The information in the document is usually organized hierarchically, and is intended to be read sequentially. Just as there could be many books in a library, each with its own table of contents, a Web site may contain many documents, each with its own table of contents.
+ A table of contents provides links to sections and subsections of the same document. The information in the document is usually organized hierarchically, and is intended to be read sequentially. Just as there could be many books in a library, each with its own table of contents, a website may contain many documents, each with its own table of contents.The table of contents serves two purposes:
The table of contents typically includes only major sections of the document, though in some cases an expanded table of contents that provides a more detailed view of a complex document may be desirable.
The sections of the document could be located on the same Web page or divided into multiple Web pages. A table of contents is particularly useful when a document is divided into multiple Web pages.
-There is a distinction between a table of contents and other Navigational elements such as a Navigation Bar or Site Map. A table of contents provides links to sections of the same document. Those sections could be located on the same Web page or spread across multiple Web pages. But together, they make a complete idea. To better understand this, consider a hard copy book which has sections. Each section belongs to the book. There could be many books in a library. In this example, the "library" is the entire Web site.
+There is a distinction between a table of contents and other Navigational elements such as a Navigation Bar or Site Map. A table of contents provides links to sections of the same document. Those sections could be located on the same Web page or spread across multiple Web pages. But together, they make a complete idea. To better understand this, consider a hard copy book which has sections. Each section belongs to the book. There could be many books in a library. In this example, the "library" is the entire website.
A photographer's portfolio Web site has been organized into different galleries and each gallery has further been divided into categories. A user who navigates through the site to a Web page containing a photo of a Gentoo penguin would see the following breadcrumb trail at the top of the Web page:
+A photographer's portfolio website has been organized into different galleries and each gallery has further been divided into categories. A user who navigates through the site to a Web page containing a photo of a Gentoo penguin would see the following breadcrumb trail at the top of the Web page:
Home / Galleries / Antarctica / Penguins / Gentoo Penguin@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
The information architecture of an e-commerce Web site is categorized from general to increasingly more specific product subsections.
+The information architecture of an e-commerce website is categorized from general to increasingly more specific product subsections.
You are here: Acme Company → Electronics → Computers → Laptops
The trail begins with "You are here" and ends with the current page. Items in the trail are clickable or tappable links with the exception of "You are here" and "Laptops." This example uses a right arrow symbol (→) as a separator.
In this example a h2 element, a nav element with an aria-label attribute, and an unordered list are used to provide semantics. The markup would be styled using CSS to display the breadcrumb trail horizontally.
In addition, some special types of synchronized media include interaction that has to occur at particular places in the playing of the synchronized media. Sometimes it may result in an action taking place (e.g., something is purchased, sent, done, etc.). Sometimes it may change the course of the synchronized media (e.g., the synchronized media has multiple paths that are determined by user input). In those cases links or some other mechanism would be used in the alternative for time-based media to allow people using the alternative to be able to have the same options and abilities as those using the synchronized media.
The Web site for a municipal housing authority has a button on every page labeled "Read this page aloud." The user selects the button and the page is spoken by a synthetic voice.
+The website for a municipal housing authority has a button on every page labeled "Read this page aloud." The user selects the button and the page is spoken by a synthetic voice.
A Web site that only permits viewing of the current edition titles its Web page "National News, Front Page". A Web site that permits editions from different dates to be viewed titles its Web page, "National News, Front Page, Oct 17, 2005".
+A website that only permits viewing of the current edition titles its Web page "National News, Front Page". A website that permits editions from different dates to be viewed titles its Web page, "National News, Front Page, Oct 17, 2005".
The "MyCorp" company's annual report is made available on the corporate website as a PDF file, and the annual corporate budget is made available as an Excel file on the web site.
+The "MyCorp" company's annual report is made available on the corporate website as a PDF file, and the annual corporate budget is made available as an Excel file on the website.
Many users prefer to know the file type when opening a file that results in opening a new application to view the file, so it is often regarded as useful to include this additional information. However, this is not required for compliance with this Success Criterion.
An image on a Website provides a link to a free newsletter. The image contains the +
An image on a website provides a link to a free newsletter. The image contains the text "Free newsletter. Get free recipes, news, and more. Learn more." The alt text matches the text in the image.
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@An image on a Web site depicts the floor plan of a building. The image is an +
An image on a website depicts the floor plan of a building. The image is an image map with each room an interactive map area. The alt text is "The building's floor plan. Select a room for more information about the purpose or content of the room." The instruction to "select a room" indicates that the diff --git a/techniques/html/H40.html b/techniques/html/H40.html index 62bca05baf..e482695ff9 100644 --- a/techniques/html/H40.html +++ b/techniques/html/H40.html @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
A list of descriptions of nautical terms used on a Website about sailing.
+A list of descriptions of nautical terms used on a website about sailing.
<dl title="Nautical terms"> <dt>Knot</dt> diff --git a/techniques/html/H71.html b/techniques/html/H71.html index 36fa215f05..9ca6fad626 100644 --- a/techniques/html/H71.html +++ b/techniques/html/H71.html @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@A multiple choice test
The User Profile page for a Web site allows users to indicate their interests by selecting multiple checkboxes. Each checkbox (input type="checkbox") has a label. The checkboxes are contained within a fieldset, and the legend element contains the prompt for the entire group of checkboxes.
The User Profile page for a website allows users to indicate their interests by selecting multiple checkboxes. Each checkbox (input type="checkbox") has a label. The checkboxes are contained within a fieldset, and the legend element contains the prompt for the entire group of checkboxes.
<fieldset>
<legend>I am interested in the following (check all that apply):</legend>
diff --git a/techniques/html/H75.html b/techniques/html/H75.html
index d8a40a9006..f14efb1097 100644
--- a/techniques/html/H75.html
+++ b/techniques/html/H75.html
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
- When a Website generates XML dynamically instead of serving only static documents,
+
When a website generates XML dynamically instead of serving only static documents,
a developer can use XMLUnit, XML Test Suite or a similar
framework to test the generated XML code.
diff --git a/techniques/html/H80.html b/techniques/html/H80.html
index 62979a10b5..f4b3df29a9 100644
--- a/techniques/html/H80.html
+++ b/techniques/html/H80.html
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ A document provided in three formats
</p>
<div class="card-link">
<h2><a href="Stockmarket_05052007.htm>Stock market soars as bullishness prevails</a></h2>
<p>This week was a stellar week for the stock market as investing in gold rose 2%.</p>
diff --git a/techniques/server-side-script/SVR4.html b/techniques/server-side-script/SVR4.html
index 78d73997e6..2d55c6c9d3 100644
--- a/techniques/server-side-script/SVR4.html
+++ b/techniques/server-side-script/SVR4.html
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Description
Examples
Setting a session or persistent cookie to store a user preference
- A Web site offers a link to a "preferences" page on pages within the site. On this page, there is an option to view an alternate version of the site. There may be various aspects of the page that are affected, or the user may be opting to view an entirely alternate version of the site. The preference may be to display a version of the site where video included on the site displays captioning, or it may be offered because the primary site contains accessibility conformance issues that are addressed only via the alternative.
+ A website offers a link to a "preferences" page on pages within the site. On this page, there is an option to view an alternate version of the site. There may be various aspects of the page that are affected, or the user may be opting to view an entirely alternate version of the site. The preference may be to display a version of the site where video included on the site displays captioning, or it may be offered because the primary site contains accessibility conformance issues that are addressed only via the alternative.
A Web page author may choose to handle this preference via a cookie, which may be handled via a server-side scripting language such as PHP.
The preferences page may be offered as follows:
diff --git a/understanding/20/abbreviations.html b/understanding/20/abbreviations.html
index a7320d1e91..1f8e4bc90e 100644
--- a/understanding/20/abbreviations.html
+++ b/understanding/20/abbreviations.html
@@ -97,11 +97,11 @@ Examples of Abbreviations
The name, "World Wide Web Consortium," appears as the first heading on the organization's
home page. The abbreviation, "W3C," is enclosed in parentheses in the same heading.
A dictionary search form
- A Web site includes a search form provided by an on-line acronym service. Users enter
+ A website includes a search form provided by an on-line acronym service. Users enter
an acronym and the form returns a list of possible expansions from the sources that
it searched.
- A medical Web site
- A medical Web site provides information for both doctors and patients. The site includes
+ A medical website
+ A medical website provides information for both doctors and patients. The site includes
a set of cascading dictionaries; a very specialized medical dictionary is first,
followed by a second medical dictionary for the general public. The cascade also includes
a list of acronyms and abbreviations that are unique to the site, and finally there
diff --git a/understanding/20/consistent-identification.html b/understanding/20/consistent-identification.html
index e8892d80ef..959e54de90 100644
--- a/understanding/20/consistent-identification.html
+++ b/understanding/20/consistent-identification.html
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Intent of Consistent Identification
The intent of this Success Criterion is to ensure consistent identification of functional
components that appear repeatedly within a set of Web pages. A strategy that people
- who use screen readers use when operating a Web site is to rely heavily on their familiarity
+ who use screen readers use when operating a website is to rely heavily on their familiarity
with functions that may appear on different Web pages. If identical functions have
different labels (or, more generally, a different accessible name)
on different Web pages, the site will be considerably more difficult
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
Examples of Consistent Identification
A check mark icon functions as "approved", on one page but as "included" on another.
Since they serve different functions, they have different text alternatives.
Example 3: Consistent references to other pages
- A Web site publishes articles on-line. Each article spans multiple Web pages and
+ A website publishes articles on-line. Each article spans multiple Web pages and
each page contains a link to the first page, the next page and the previous page of
the article. If the references to the next page read "page 2", "page 3", "page 4"
etcetera, the labels are not the same but they are consistent. Therefore, these references
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ Examples of Consistent Identification
to the same place as the first.
Example 7: Example of a Failure
A submit "search" button on one Web page and a "find" button on another Web page both
- have a field to enter a term and list topics in the Web site related to the term submitted.
+ have a field to enter a term and list topics in the website related to the term submitted.
In this case, the buttons have the same functionality but are not labeled consistently.
Example 8: Failure primarily impacting assistive technology users
diff --git a/understanding/20/consistent-navigation.html b/understanding/20/consistent-navigation.html
index 2ddafd4b4c..1790d0e15a 100644
--- a/understanding/20/consistent-navigation.html
+++ b/understanding/20/consistent-navigation.html
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Examples of Consistent Navigation
into the top-level navigation menu.
Consistently positioned skip navigation controls
A "skip navigation" (or "skip to main content") link is included as the first link
- on every page in a Web site. The link allows users to quickly bypass heading information
+ on every page in a website. The link allows users to quickly bypass heading information
and navigational content and begin interacting with the main content of a page.
Skip to navigation link
Navigational content is consistently located at the end of each page in a set of Web
diff --git a/understanding/20/error-identification.html b/understanding/20/error-identification.html
index 737de9b624..ff3434674e 100644
--- a/understanding/20/error-identification.html
+++ b/understanding/20/error-identification.html
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ Examples of Error Identification
- Identifying errors in a form submission
-
-
An airline Web site offers a special promotion on discounted flights. The user is
+
An airline website offers a special promotion on discounted flights. The user is
asked to complete a simple form that asks for personal information such as name, address,
phone number, seating preference and e-mail address. If any of the fields of the form
are either not completed or completed incorrectly, an alert is displayed notifying
diff --git a/understanding/20/error-prevention-legal-financial-data.html b/understanding/20/error-prevention-legal-financial-data.html
index 91c33b26db..ac3d0a987a 100644
--- a/understanding/20/error-prevention-legal-financial-data.html
+++ b/understanding/20/error-prevention-legal-financial-data.html
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
Intent of Error Prevention (Legal, Financial, Data)
place immediately and cannot be altered afterwards, and can be very costly. Likewise,
it may be an unrecoverable error if users unintentionally modify or delete data stored
in a database that they later need to access, such as their entire travel profile
- in a travel services web site. When referring to modification or deletion of 'user
+ in a travel services website. When referring to modification or deletion of 'user
controllable' data, the intent is to prevent mass loss of data such as deleting a
file or record. It is not the intent to require a confirmation for each save command
or the simple creation or editing of documents, records or other data.
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ Examples of Error Prevention (Legal, Financial, Data)
address, and payment method—are displayed so that the user can inspect the order for
correctness. The user can either confirm the order or make changes.
- Stock sale
- - A financial services Web site lets users buy and sell stock online. When a user submits
+
- A financial services website lets users buy and sell stock online. When a user submits
an order to buy or sell stock, the system checks to see whether or not the market
is open. If it is after hours, the user is alerted that the transaction will be an
after-hours transaction, is told about the risks of trading outside of regular market
diff --git a/understanding/20/focus-order.html b/understanding/20/focus-order.html
index 29ce29ecf5..0da4dceaec 100644
--- a/understanding/20/focus-order.html
+++ b/understanding/20/focus-order.html
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
Examples of Focus Order
The following example fails to meet the Success Criterion:
- A company's Web site includes a form that collects marketing data and allows users
+
A company's website includes a form that collects marketing data and allows users
to subscribe to several newsletters published by the company. The section of the form
for collecting marketing data includes fields such as name, street address, city,
state or province, and postal code. Another section of the form includes several checkboxes
diff --git a/understanding/20/headings-and-labels.html b/understanding/20/headings-and-labels.html
index b63d0c74dc..4a6151a7de 100644
--- a/understanding/20/headings-and-labels.html
+++ b/understanding/20/headings-and-labels.html
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
Examples of Headings and Labels
The section headings are clear and concise and the structure of the information is
reflected in the structure of the headings.
- Consistent headings in different articles
- - A Web site contains papers from a conference. Submissions to the conference are required
+
- A website contains papers from a conference. Submissions to the conference are required
to have the following organization:
Summary
, Introduction
, [other sections unique
to this article], Conclusion
, Author Biography
, Glossary
, and Bibliography
.
The title of each Web page clearly identifies the article it contains, creating a useful balance
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ Resources for Headings and Labels
How Users Read on the Web A study showing that most users scan Web pages rather than reading them word by word.
The intent of this Success Criterion is to provide a way for the user to orient herself - within a set of Web pages, a Web site, or a Web application and find related information. + within a set of Web pages, a website, or a Web application and find related information.
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@Other sites will log a person out of a session if a person logs in on the Web site +
Other sites will log a person out of a session if a person logs in on the website from another computer or if other activities arise that make the site suspicious of whether the person is still the same legitimate person who logged in originally. When users are logged out while still in the midst of a transaction - it is important that diff --git a/understanding/20/reading-level.html b/understanding/20/reading-level.html index 641cd56dfc..0d7425059c 100644 --- a/understanding/20/reading-level.html +++ b/understanding/20/reading-level.html @@ -179,7 +179,7 @@
A web site includes a map view that supports the pinch gesture to zoom into the map content. User interface controls offer the operation using plus and minus buttons to zoom in and out.
A web site includes a map view that supports the pinch gesture to zoom into the map content. As an single-pointer alternative, the map also allows users to double-tap, hold, and then move the pointer up or down to zoom in or out.
A website includes a map view that supports the pinch gesture to zoom into the map content. User interface controls offer the operation using plus and minus buttons to zoom in and out.
A website includes a map view that supports the pinch gesture to zoom into the map content. As an single-pointer alternative, the map also allows users to double-tap, hold, and then move the pointer up or down to zoom in or out.
A news site has a horizontal content slider with hidden news teasers that can moved into the viewport via a fast horizontal swipe/flicking motion. It also offers forward and backward arrow buttons for single-point activation to navigate to adjacent slider content.
A kanban widget with several vertical areas representing states in a defined process allows the user to right- or left-swipe elements to move them to an adjacent silo. The user can also accomplish this by selecting the element with a single tap or click, and then activating an arrow button to move the selected element.
A custom slider requires movement in a strict left/right direction when operated by dragging the thumb control. Buttons on both sides of the slider increment and decrement the selected value and update the thumb position.
The examples of this Success Criterion are very similar to the Accessible Authentication (Minimum) examples.
The purpose of this Success Criterion is to ensure there is an accessible, easy-to-use, and secure method to log in. Most Web sites rely on usernames and passwords for logging in. Memorizing or transcribing a username, password, or one-time verification code places a very high or impossible burden upon people with certain cognitive disabilities.
+The purpose of this Success Criterion is to ensure there is an accessible, easy-to-use, and secure method to log in. Most websites rely on usernames and passwords for logging in. Memorizing or transcribing a username, password, or one-time verification code places a very high or impossible burden upon people with certain cognitive disabilities.
-While Web sites can use the recognition of objects or of non-text content provided by the user to meet this Success Criterion, such techniques do not fully support the cognitive accessibility community and should be avoided if possible. Refer to Accessible Authentication (Enhanced) for guidance to be more inclusive and accessible.
+While websites can use the recognition of objects or of non-text content provided by the user to meet this Success Criterion, such techniques do not fully support the cognitive accessibility community and should be avoided if possible. Refer to Accessible Authentication (Enhanced) for guidance to be more inclusive and accessible.
Web sites can employ username (or email) and password inputs as an authentication method if the author enables the user agent (browsers and third-party password managers) to fill in the fields automatically. Generally, if the login form meets Success Criterion 1.3.5 Input Purpose, and the form controls have an appropriate accessible name in accordance with Success Criterion 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value, the user agent should be able to reliably recognize the fields and automatically fill them in. However, if the user agent is actively blocked from filling in the fields (for instance, by a script), then the page would not pass this criterion because it prevents the mechanism from working.
+websites can employ username (or email) and password inputs as an authentication method if the author enables the user agent (browsers and third-party password managers) to fill in the fields automatically. Generally, if the login form meets Success Criterion 1.3.5 Input Purpose, and the form controls have an appropriate accessible name in accordance with Success Criterion 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value, the user agent should be able to reliably recognize the fields and automatically fill them in. However, if the user agent is actively blocked from filling in the fields (for instance, by a script), then the page would not pass this criterion because it prevents the mechanism from working.
The examples of this Success Criterion are the same as the Accessible Authentication (Enhanced) examples.
The intent of this Success Criterion is to ensure users can find help for completing tasks on a Web site, when it is available. When the placement of the help mechanism is kept consistent across a set of pages, users looking for help will find it easier to identify. This is distinct from interface-level help, such as contextual help, features like spell checkers, and instructional text in a form.
+The intent of this Success Criterion is to ensure users can find help for completing tasks on a website, when it is available. When the placement of the help mechanism is kept consistent across a set of pages, users looking for help will find it easier to identify. This is distinct from interface-level help, such as contextual help, features like spell checkers, and instructional text in a form.
Locating the help mechanism in a consistent location across pages makes it easier for users to find it. For example, when a mechanism or link is located in the header of one Web page, it will be easier to find if it is in the header of other pages. The help mechanism, such as a contact phone number, may be provided directly on the page, or it may also be a direct link to a contact page. Regardless of which approach is used, the mechanism must be located in the same relative order on each page within the set of pages.
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@If the help item is visually in a different location, but in the same serial order, that is not helpful from a user's point of view, but it would not fail this criterion.
-When having problems completing a task on a Web site (or part of a Web site, what we call a set of Web pages), people with some types of disabilities may not be able to work through the issue without further help. Issues could include difficulty: +
When having problems completing a task on a website (or part of a website, what we call a set of Web pages), people with some types of disabilities may not be able to work through the issue without further help. Issues could include difficulty: completing a form, or finding a document or page which provides information required to complete a task.
Without help, some users may abandon the task. They may also fail to correctly complete a task, or they may require assistance from people who do not necessarily keep private information secure.
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@It is also not the intent of this Success Criterion to require a human be available at all times. Ideally, if the human contact is not available during certain hours or certain days then information would be provided so the user can tell when it will be available.
-This Success Criterion only requires help mechanisms to be consistent within a particular set of web pages. Some complex Web sites consist of multiple different sets of web pages with different purposes. For example, a web-based spreadsheet application might have one set of pages for editing spreadsheets and a separate set of pages for marketing the application. This Success Criterion would allow the different sets of web pages to use different help mechanism locations. However, it is best if help mechanisms are located as consistently as possible even among different related sets of web pages.
+This Success Criterion only requires help mechanisms to be consistent within a particular set of web pages. Some complex websites consist of multiple different sets of web pages with different purposes. For example, a web-based spreadsheet application might have one set of pages for editing spreadsheets and a separate set of pages for marketing the application. This Success Criterion would allow the different sets of web pages to use different help mechanism locations. However, it is best if help mechanisms are located as consistently as possible even among different related sets of web pages.
This Success Criterion contains an exception when "a change is initiated by the user." This exception is intended to cover cases where a user performs an action with the intent of changing the display or layout of a page, such as changing the zoom level, orientation, or viewport size. Help mechanism locations may change in response to such a user-initiated change; as the criterion's second note clarifies, "this criterion is concerned with relative order across pages displayed in the same page variation (e.g., same zoom level and orientation)."
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@The human contact mechanism enables a person to express what they are looking for using their own words. For some with cognitive disabilities, this may be the best way for them to find an answer to their problem.
-For pages for which no human support is available it helps if a self-help option says that no human support is available. Self-help options can go beyond allowing the user to search within the site. Contextual help is still recommended (see Success Criterion 3.3.5 for more information), but a self-help option provides a single location that makes it easier for people with cognitive disabilities to understand what help is available without having to hunt for it. While some people may easily be able to identify that no support would be available for a particular type of Web site, this may not be apparent to some users with disabilities.
+For pages for which no human support is available it helps if a self-help option says that no human support is available. Self-help options can go beyond allowing the user to search within the site. Contextual help is still recommended (see Success Criterion 3.3.5 for more information), but a self-help option provides a single location that makes it easier for people with cognitive disabilities to understand what help is available without having to hunt for it. While some people may easily be able to identify that no support would be available for a particular type of website, this may not be apparent to some users with disabilities.
Chatbots can work for many people, and particularly for people with cognitive disabilities if they:
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@Information that is required to be remembered for input can pose a significant barrier to users with cognitive or memory difficulties. All users experience a natural gradual mental fatigue as they proceed through steps in a process. This fatigue is accelerated by the stress of recalling information from short-term working memory. Users with learning, and cognitive disabilities are highly susceptible to mental fatigue.
-Requiring people to recall information previously entered can cause them to give up or re-enter the same information incorrectly. The autocomplete feature of browsers is not considered sufficient because it is the content (the web site) that needs to provide the stored information for a redundant entry, or avoid asking for the same information again.
+Requiring people to recall information previously entered can cause them to give up or re-enter the same information incorrectly. The autocomplete feature of browsers is not considered sufficient because it is the content (the website) that needs to provide the stored information for a redundant entry, or avoid asking for the same information again.
This Success Criterion does not add a requirement to store information between sessions. A process is defined on the basis of an activity and is not applicable when a user returns after closing a session or navigating away. However, a process can run across different domains, so if a check-out process includes a 3rd party payment provider, that would be in scope.
diff --git a/understanding/conformance.html b/understanding/conformance.html index 20edb2b339..5bb9419ba2 100644 --- a/understanding/conformance.html +++ b/understanding/conformance.html @@ -581,7 +581,7 @@To cite Level A Success Criteria and selected Success Criteria from Level AA and Level AAA:
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0, W3C World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation XX Month Year, Level A Success Criteria plus Success Criteria 1.x.x, 2.y.y, … 3.z.z. (https://www.w3.org/TR/YYYY/REC-WCAG21-YYYYMMDD/)
Example of use of a WCAG reference in a "shall or must" statement.
-All Web content on publicly available Web sites shall conform to Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0, W3C World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation XX Month Year, Level A Success Criteria plus Success Criteria 1.2.3, 2.4.5-6, 3.1.2 (https://www.w3.org/TR/YYYY/REC-WCAG21-YYYYMMDD/)
+All Web content on publicly available websites shall conform to Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0, W3C World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation XX Month Year, Level A Success Criteria plus Success Criteria 1.2.3, 2.4.5-6, 3.1.2 (https://www.w3.org/TR/YYYY/REC-WCAG21-YYYYMMDD/)