diff --git a/_includes/understanding/intro/advisory.html b/_includes/understanding/intro/advisory.html index 3c64c9a91c..f18498ef2a 100644 --- a/_includes/understanding/intro/advisory.html +++ b/_includes/understanding/intro/advisory.html @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ If there are techniques, however, for addressing this guideline that do not fall under any of the success criteria, they are listed here. These techniques are not required or sufficient for meeting any success criteria, - but can make certain types of Web content more accessible to more people. + but can make certain types of web content more accessible to more people.
{%- else -%}diff --git a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR27.html b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR27.html index 48ff4a7765..d2067ce184 100644 --- a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR27.html +++ b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR27.html @@ -151,7 +151,7 @@
The objective of this technique is to provide a mechanism to add purely decorative images and images used for visual formatting to Web content without requiring additional markup within the content. This makes it possible for assistive technologies to ignore the non-text content. Some user agents can ignore or turn off CSS at the user's request, so that background images included with CSS simply "disappear" and do not interfere with display settings such as enlarged fonts or high contrast settings.
+The objective of this technique is to provide a mechanism to add purely decorative images and images used for visual formatting to web content without requiring additional markup within the content. This makes it possible for assistive technologies to ignore the non-text content. Some user agents can ignore or turn off CSS at the user's request, so that background images included with CSS simply "disappear" and do not interfere with display settings such as enlarged fonts or high contrast settings.
Background images can be included with the following CSS properties:
background
;blockquote
elements to provide addi
the following common problem.</p>
<blockquote>
- <p>The use of markup for presentational effects made Web
+ <p>The use of markup for presentational effects made web
pages confusing to screen reader users.</p>
</blockquote>
diff --git a/techniques/general/G10.html b/techniques/general/G10.html
index d1f0769573..c252add11d 100644
--- a/techniques/general/G10.html
+++ b/techniques/general/G10.html
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
Programming technologies that have standard components programmed to interface with accessibility APIs.
The objective of this technique is to allow assistive technology to - understand Web content so that it can convey equivalent information to the + understand web content so that it can convey equivalent information to the user through an alternate user interface.
Sometimes content is not created using markup language but rather using a
programming language or tools. In many cases, these technologies have
diff --git a/techniques/general/G101.html b/techniques/general/G101.html
index a372bf4aba..42b98b72a3 100644
--- a/techniques/general/G101.html
+++ b/techniques/general/G101.html
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
The word "technology" is widely used to cover everything from the stone tools used by early humans to contemporary digital devices such as cell phones. But in WCAG 2, the word technology is used in a more restricted way: it means a mechanism for encoding instructions to be rendered, played or executed by user agents, including markup languages, data formats, and programming languages used in producing and delivering Web content. The word "technology" is widely used to cover everything from the stone tools used by early humans to contemporary digital devices such as cell phones. But in WCAG 2.0, the word technology is used in a more restricted way: it means a mechanism for encoding instructions to be rendered, played or executed by user agents, including markup languages, data formats, and programming languages used in producing and delivering web content.A term used in a restricted way
-
The objective of this technique is to allow assistive technology to - understand Web content so that it can convey equivalent information to the + understand web content so that it can convey equivalent information to the user through an alternate user interface and allow them to operate controls through the AT.
This technique involves using standard, documented and supported features to diff --git a/techniques/general/G115.html b/techniques/general/G115.html index b569cfb4a3..bd81d192ed 100644 --- a/techniques/general/G115.html +++ b/techniques/general/G115.html @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
The objective of this technique is to mark up the structure of the Web content using the appropriate semantic elements. In other words, the elements are used according to their meaning, not because of the way they appear visually.
+The objective of this technique is to mark up the structure of the web content using the appropriate semantic elements. In other words, the elements are used according to their meaning, not because of the way they appear visually.
Using the appropriate semantic elements will make sure the structure is available to the user agent. This involves explicitly indicating the role that different units have in understanding the meaning of the content. The nature of a piece of content as a paragraph, header, emphasized text, table, etc. can all be indicated in this way. In some cases, the relationships between units of content should also be indicated, such as between headings and subheadings, or amongst the cells of a table. The user agent can then make the structure perceivable to the user, for example using a different visual presentation for different types of structures or by using a different voice or pitch in an auditory presentation.
In HTML, for example, phrase-level elements such as em
, abbr
, and cite
add semantic information within sentences, marking text for emphasis and identifying abbreviations and citations, respectively. MathML, a markup language designed to maintain important distinctions between structure and presentation in mathematics, includes special "presentation" markup for the complex notations used to represent mathematical ideas as well as "content" (semantic) markup for the mathematical ideas themselves.
The objective of this technique is to make it possible for users to locate additional information by providing links to related web pages. It is one of a series of techniques for locating content that are sufficient for addressing Success Criterion 2.4.5. - Links are a basic component of the World Wide Web. They are the mechanism that makes the web an interconnected Web of content. Most authors employ this technique automatically when creating web pages.
+ Links are a basic component of the World Wide Web. They are the mechanism that makes the web an interconnected web of content. Most authors employ this technique automatically when creating web pages.The objective of this technique is to make section headings within Web content descriptive. Descriptive headings and titles (see Providing descriptive titles for web pages) work together to give users an overview of the content and its organization. Descriptive headings identify sections of the content in relation both to the web page as a whole and to other sections of the same web page.
+The objective of this technique is to make section headings within web content descriptive. Descriptive headings and titles (see Providing descriptive titles for web pages) work together to give users an overview of the content and its organization. Descriptive headings identify sections of the content in relation both to the web page as a whole and to other sections of the same web page.
Descriptive headings help users find specific content and orient themselves within the web page.
Authors may also want to consider putting the most important information at the beginning of each heading. This helps users "skim" the headings to locate the specific content they need, and is especially helpful when browsers or assistive technology allow navigation from heading to heading.
All technologies.
The objective of this technique is to ensure that the label for any interactive component within Web content makes the component's purpose clear. Using the appropriate technology-specific techniques for technologies for associating labels with interactive controls allows assistive technology to recognize the label and present it to the user, therefore allowing the user to identify the purpose of the control.The label may also be used to include text or a text symbol indicating that input is required. +
The objective of this technique is to ensure that the label for any interactive component within web content makes the component's purpose clear. Using the appropriate technology-specific techniques for technologies for associating labels with interactive controls allows assistive technology to recognize the label and present it to the user, therefore allowing the user to identify the purpose of the control.The label may also be used to include text or a text symbol indicating that input is required.
A web page contains the first part of a three-part form. Each part of the form includes more than 10 items. Some items require users to follow links for additional information. Immediately following the general instructions for completing the form is a checkbox with the label, “Allow as much time as I need to complete this form. I understand that I must close (quit) the Web browser if I choose to stop before completing the last part of the form."
+A web page contains the first part of a three-part form. Each part of the form includes more than 10 items. Some items require users to follow links for additional information. Immediately following the general instructions for completing the form is a checkbox with the label, “Allow as much time as I need to complete this form. I understand that I must close (quit) the web browser if I choose to stop before completing the last part of the form."
The objective of this technique is to allow assistive technology to - understand Web content so that it can convey equivalent information to the + understand web content so that it can convey equivalent information to the user through an alternate user interface.
Sometimes content is not created using markup language but rather using a programming language or tools. In many cases, these technologies have diff --git a/techniques/general/G142.html b/techniques/general/G142.html index 145d6a6018..c9fd1d306d 100644 --- a/techniques/general/G142.html +++ b/techniques/general/G142.html @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
All technologies with user agent provided zoom capability.
The objective of this technique is to ensure content can be scaled uniformly by using a Web technology supported by user agents that change text size via a Zoom tool.
-Content authored in technologies that are supported by user agents that can scale content uniformly (that is, zoom into content) satisfy this Success Criterion. Because this technique relies completely on user agent functionality, it is critical to test with a wide variety of user agents.
+The objective of this technique is to ensure content can be scaled uniformly by using a web technology supported by user agents that change text size via a Zoom tool.
+Content authored in technologies that are supported by user agents that can scale content uniformly (that is, zoom into content) satisfy this success criterion. Because this technique relies completely on user agent functionality, it is critical to test with a wide variety of user agents.
This technique requires that the zoom function preserve all spatial relationships on the page and that all functionality continues to be available.
Applies to all technologies.
The purpose of this technique is to reduce occasions in which a user with a disability cannot complete a CAPTCHA task. Because there are alternate CAPTCHA tasks that use different modalities, a user is more likely to be able to complete one of the tasks successfully.
diff --git a/techniques/general/G150.html b/techniques/general/G150.html index 66e8c5e5e6..6839e62713 100644 --- a/techniques/general/G150.html +++ b/techniques/general/G150.html @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@Real-time typing text entry techniques exist using stenographic and rapid typing technologies. Re-voicing speech-to-text (where a person listens to speech and then carefully re-voices it into a computer trained to their speech) is used today for telephone relay services and may be used in the future for captioning. Eventually speech-to-text with correction will be possible.
With this technique, a link to the transcript or script is provided and should conform to WCAG 2 and could either be included at another location on the same web page or at another URI.
All technologies that provide forms.
The objective of this technique is to allow users to recover from errors made when placing an order by providing them with a period of time during which they can cancel or change the order. In general, a contract or an order is a legal commitment and cannot be canceled. However, a website may choose to offer this capability, and it provides a way for users to recover from errors.
-The Web content would need to tell the user how long the cancellation period is after submitting the form and what the procedure would be to cancel the order. The cancellation procedure may not be possible online. It may, for instance, require written notice be sent to an address listed on the web page.
+The web content would need to tell the user how long the cancellation period is after submitting the form and what the procedure would be to cancel the order. The cancellation procedure may not be possible online. It may, for instance, require written notice be sent to an address listed on the web page.
After submitting the form, the user is informed of the length of the cancellation period and the procedure for canceling the transaction. It's best to provide the cancellation procedure at the same website where the transaction was submitted so that it is as easy to cancel as it was to submit and to accommodate users who may be unable to use other mechanisms. But, if necessary, the cancellation procedure may be provided through some other mechanism or combination of mechanisms as long as it has equivalent cross-disability accessibility. In this case, users are warned prior to submitting the form that they will not be able to cancel their order online.
All technologies that can play sound.
The intent of this technique is to allow a user to control the use of sounds in Web content. Someone that uses a screen reader may find it very distracting and difficult to listen to their screen reader if there are also sounds coming from Web content. Providing a way to play sounds only upon request will give a user the control needed to listen to any sounds or other audio without interfering with the output from a screen reader.
+The intent of this technique is to allow a user to control the use of sounds in web content. Someone that uses a screen reader may find it very distracting and difficult to listen to their screen reader if there are also sounds coming from web content. Providing a way to play sounds only upon request will give a user the control needed to listen to any sounds or other audio without interfering with the output from a screen reader.
A web page from a grey whale conservation society has a looping background sound of grey whales singing. There are also sounds of water splashing. The sounds do not start automatically. Instead, the Web content provides a link at the top of the page to allow the user to start the sounds manually. The button says "Turn sounds on." After pressing the "turn sounds on" button, the sounds are heard. The user is then presented with an option to "turn sounds off."
+A web page from a grey whale conservation society has a looping background sound of grey whales singing. There are also sounds of water splashing. The sounds do not start automatically. Instead, the web content provides a link at the top of the page to allow the user to start the sounds manually. The button says "Turn sounds on." After pressing the "turn sounds on" button, the sounds are heard. The user is then presented with an option to "turn sounds off."
Appropriate to use for all general Web content including special cases like material that is specifically designed for a display in a foyer.
+Appropriate to use for all general web content including special cases like material that is specifically designed for a display in a foyer.
The purpose of this technique is to provide an easy way to pass the success criterion for things that flash, but are small.
If you have something that flashes @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ than 3 times in a one second period (so G19 can't be used), but the area that is flashing is less than 25% of 10 degrees of visual field (which represents the central area of vision in the eye), then it would automatically pass.
The 10 degree of visual field represents the central area of vision in the eye. This area is highly packed with visual sensors. Flashes in this area are transmitted to the visual cortex. For those with photosensitivity, this flashing of activity on the visual cortex can cause seizures. Flashing on other areas of the eye (which have far fewer sensors) has much less effect on the cortex. Hence, the focus on just the 10 degrees of central vision.
Colored text when color alone is used to convey information such as words that are links in a paragraph
The intent of this technique is to provide a redundant visual cue for users who may not be able to discern a difference in text color. Color (generally defined as a combination of hue, saturation and luminance) is commonly used to indicate words that are links within a paragraph or other block of text. For example, scattered words in text may be hypertext links that are identified only by a difference in color with surrounding text. This technique describes a way to provide a difference in contrast rather than relying on hue.
-To meet success criterion 1.4.1: Use of Color a relative luminance (lightness) difference of 3:1 or greater with the text around can be used. This technique goes beyond the success criterion and asks for visual highlights when the user hovers over each link, such as an underline, a change in font style such as bold or italics, or an increase in font size. Such a hover effect provides confirmation to pointer users that the text is a link, similar to how the link alters its appearance for keyboard users when it receives focus, in order to meet 2.4.7 Focus Visible.
+To meet Success Criterion 1.4.1: Use of Color a relative luminance (lightness) difference of 3:1 or greater with the text around can be used. This technique goes beyond the success criterion and asks for visual highlights when the user hovers over each link, such as an underline, a change in font style such as bold or italics, or an increase in font size. Such a hover effect provides confirmation to pointer users that the text is a link, similar to how the link alters its appearance for keyboard users when it receives focus, in order to meet 2.4.7 Focus Visible.
While using this technique is sufficient to meet this success criterion, it is not the preferred technique to differentiate link text. This is because links that use the relative luminance of color alone may not be obvious to people with low vision. If there are not a large number of links in the block of text, underlines are recommended for links in blocks of text.
This technique is about the use of color in addition to luminosity. In this technique, the contrast ratio refers to the contrast between a link and the words around it. In Success Criterion 1.4.3 and 1.4.6, contrast ratio refers to the contrast between a word and its background. The difference is that this technique is about the ability for users to tell the difference (a noticeable difference) between different pieces of text whereas the contrast ratio used in success criterion 1.4.3 and 1.4.6 is about the readability of the text with its background for different color and vision disabilities.
+This technique is about the use of color in addition to luminosity. In this technique, the contrast ratio refers to the contrast between a link and the words around it. In Success Criteria 1.4.3 and 1.4.6, contrast ratio refers to the contrast between a word and its background. The difference is that this technique is about the ability for users to tell the difference (a noticeable difference) between different pieces of text whereas the contrast ratio used in Success Criteria 1.4.3 and 1.4.6 is about the readability of the text with its background for different color and vision disabilities.
If an author wants to use the color portion of this technique (i.e., using different colors for the words where the colors have sufficient contrast with each other) and the author also wants to conform to SC 1.4.3 (contrast of both words with their backgrounds) the following colors can be used. (e.g., black text in a paragraph on a white background with the links shown as one of the colors in example 1 below.
-If assistive technology or Web browsers at some point all provide an option to underline all links on web pages for users, this could be used instead of an author-provided link highlighting mechanism.
+If assistive technology or web browsers at some point all provide an option to underline all links on web pages for users, this could be used instead of an author-provided link highlighting mechanism.
An interactive animation created using a Web technology that is not accessibility supported is displayed on a web page. A link to a conforming alternate version of the animation is adjacent to the non-conforming content.
+An interactive animation created using a web technology that is not accessibility supported is displayed on a web page. A link to a conforming alternate version of the animation is adjacent to the non-conforming content.
For each non-conforming object in a page:
Content that accepts user data input.
The objective of this technique is to reduce the effort required for users to confirm that an action, such as submitting a Web form, was completed successfully. This can be accomplished by providing consistently presented feedback that explicitly indicates success of an action, rather than requiring a user to navigate through content to discover if the action was successful.
+The objective of this technique is to reduce the effort required for users to confirm that an action, such as submitting a web form, was completed successfully. This can be accomplished by providing consistently presented feedback that explicitly indicates success of an action, rather than requiring a user to navigate through content to discover if the action was successful.
Significant effort can be expended by users who can not easily scan through information to confirm their action (such as that data submitted has been successfully entered into a database, sent to a person, or added to content being edited).
Pages that open new windows
The objective of this technique is to limit the use of links or buttons that open new windows or tabs within Web content. In general, it is better not to open new windows and tabs since they can be disorienting for people, especially people who have difficulty perceiving visual content. However there are some situations where it is preferable from an accessibility perspective to open a new window or tab. Here are two such situations:
+The objective of this technique is to limit the use of links or buttons that open new windows or tabs within web content. In general, it is better not to open new windows and tabs since they can be disorienting for people, especially people who have difficulty perceiving visual content. However there are some situations where it is preferable from an accessibility perspective to open a new window or tab. Here are two such situations:
If the author uses a technology that allows users to enter the sub-content with keyboard and does not allow users to exit the sub-content with keyboard by default (i.e., it is not a feature of the Web content technology or its user agents) then, in order to implement this technique the author would either build such a capability into their content or not use the technology.
+If the author uses a technology that allows users to enter the sub-content with keyboard and does not allow users to exit the sub-content with keyboard by default (i.e., it is not a feature of the web content technology or its user agents) then, in order to implement this technique the author would either build such a capability into their content or not use the technology.
The homepage of an online retail website includes several informational sections, some of which feature carousels showcasing highlighted products. These carousels require horizontal scrolling and have a computed height greater than 256 CSS pixels. Each panel is 320 CSS pixels wide, allowing users to see the full width of the card without horizontal scrolling. Consequently, users only need to scroll vertically to view the entire card, ensuring compliance with success criterion 1.4.10 Reflow for that section.
+The homepage of an online retail website includes several informational sections, some of which feature carousels showcasing highlighted products. These carousels require horizontal scrolling and have a computed height greater than 256 CSS pixels. Each panel is 320 CSS pixels wide, allowing users to see the full width of the card without horizontal scrolling. Consequently, users only need to scroll vertically to view the entire card, ensuring compliance with Success Criterion 1.4.10 Reflow for that section.
Working example: Carousel panels that scroll horizontally are designed to fit within a width of 320 CSS pixels on a vertically scrolling page.
The word jargon is linked to its definition in the WCAG2 Glossary.
The word "modulo" is jargon used in Web content about mathematics. A definition for modulo is included within the web page. Each occurrence of the word modulo is linked to its definition.
+The word "modulo" is jargon used in web content about mathematics. A definition for modulo is included within the web page. Each occurrence of the word modulo is linked to its definition.
A Japanese idiom is linked to its definition. This example uses a link within the page to navigate to the definition of an idiomatic expression.
diff --git a/techniques/general/G60.html b/techniques/general/G60.html index f2472e354d..d50debc3dd 100644 --- a/techniques/general/G60.html +++ b/techniques/general/G60.html @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@Applies to all technologies except those for voice interaction.
The purpose of this technique is to allow authors to play a sound on their - Web page but avoid the problem of users not being able to use their screen + web page but avoid the problem of users not being able to use their screen readers due to interference by the content sound. It also allows the author to avoid putting controls on the web page to control the sound - and the problem faced by users with screen readers in finding the control (when unable diff --git a/techniques/general/G61.html b/techniques/general/G61.html index ea3be9a7b2..93fe409133 100644 --- a/techniques/general/G61.html +++ b/techniques/general/G61.html @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
The objective of this technique is to make content easier to use by making the placement of repeated components more predictable. This technique helps - maintain consistent layout or presentation between web pages by presenting components that are repeated in these Web units in the same relative order each time they appear. Other + maintain consistent layout or presentation between web pages by presenting components that are repeated in the set of web pages in the same relative order each time they appear. Other components can be inserted between them, but their relative order is not changed.
This technique also applies to navigational components that are repeated. diff --git a/techniques/general/G70.html b/techniques/general/G70.html index fb10a855c6..492e0f6bdf 100644 --- a/techniques/general/G70.html +++ b/techniques/general/G70.html @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
All technologies
The objective of this technique is to provide the definition of words, phrases, jargon, or abbreviation expansions by adding a mechanism to access an on-line dictionary to the web page. This technique uses existing resources on the Web to provide the definition rather than requiring the author to create a glossary or other mechanism within the site. By providing access from within the web page, a user can easily locate the desired definition. This technique can only be used if the online dictionary returns the correct definition.
+The objective of this technique is to provide the definition of words, phrases, jargon, or abbreviation expansions by adding a mechanism to access an on-line dictionary to the web page. This technique uses existing resources on the web to provide the definition rather than requiring the author to create a glossary or other mechanism within the site. By providing access from within the web page, a user can easily locate the desired definition. This technique can only be used if the online dictionary returns the correct definition.
tabindex
value higher than zero will receive focus
before elements without a tabindex
or a tabindex
of 0. After
all of the elements with a tabindex higher than 0 have received focus, the rest of the
- interactive elements are given focus in the order in which they appear in the Web
+ interactive elements are given focus in the order in which they appear in the web
page.
doctype
.
diff --git a/techniques/html/H75.html b/techniques/html/H75.html
index 4983b0f3f4..9ecee791b8 100644
--- a/techniques/html/H75.html
+++ b/techniques/html/H75.html
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
Entities in Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.1, W3C Recommendation 04
February 2004. For other resources, see Validating Web
+ For other resources, see Validating web
pages.
The objective of this technique is to describe the purpose of a link from the context provided by its heading context. The preceding heading provides context for an otherwise - unclear link. The description lets a user distinguish this link from links in the Web + unclear link. The description lets a user distinguish this link from links in the web page that lead to other destinations and helps the user determine whether to follow the link.
Refer to the resources section of Validating Web
+ Refer to the resources section of Validating web
pages.
Developers can configure the Apache Web server to handle redirects, as in the following example.
+Developers can configure the Apache web server to handle redirects, as in the following example.
redirect 301 /oldUserLogin.jsp http://www.example.com/newUserLogin.do
Browser zoom is relevant for accessibility and Silverlight because it is likely to be the zoom /scaling feature enabled by the browser - host that Web technology users are the most familiar with as a technique - for increasing the text size in Web content.
+ host that web technology users are the most familiar with as a technique + for increasing the text size in web content.Built-in support for browser zoom was introduced as a feature in Silverlight
- version 3. Older documents on the Web might describe techniques that
+ version 3. Older documents on the web might describe techniques that
were relevant for Silverlight version 2, where dealing with browser
zoom required JavaScript handling of the Resized event,
and developers manually applied a ScaleTransform
to Silverlight
diff --git a/techniques/silverlight/SL27.html b/techniques/silverlight/SL27.html
index c06efd7c42..d41aac2e92 100644
--- a/techniques/silverlight/SL27.html
+++ b/techniques/silverlight/SL27.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
content. Avoiding this situation is largely a matter of due diligence
on the part of a Silverlight application author, OR on the part of
the web page author who authors surrounding HTML, in cases where a
- web page is embedding Silverlight content or packages that the Web
+ web page is embedding Silverlight content or packages that the web
page's author did not actively develop and is only consuming/embedding.
The following is a general recommendation that summarizes the detailed discussion in subsequent subheadings:
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@Language
is used.
diff --git a/techniques/silverlight/SL4.html b/techniques/silverlight/SL4.html
index a9cbfee90f..5fe0ffb0bf 100644
--- a/techniques/silverlight/SL4.html
+++ b/techniques/silverlight/SL4.html
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
of parts can thus treat all Silverlight content as using that HTML
Lang-declared language.
Most assistive technologies that are capable of determining Language - for Web content will use the HTML Lang tag value as the determinant + for web content will use the HTML Lang tag value as the determinant of the language of the page. Assistive technologies would also use HTML Lang tag values for the language of parts. HTML Lang is not specifically reported in accessibility frameworks. Assistive technologies would @@ -59,13 +59,13 @@
The Visual Studio solution for this example has a total of 4 project components:
TextBox
. The intent of this success criterion is to provide headings for sections of a Web +
The intent of this success criterion is to provide headings for sections of a web page, when the page is organized into sections. For instance, long documents are often divided into a variety of chapters, chapters have subtopics, etc. When such sections exist, they need to have headings that introduce them. This clearly indicates the organization @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
This provision is included at Level AAA because it cannot be applied to all types of content and it may not always be possible to insert headings. For example, when - posting a pre-existing document to the Web, headings that an author did not include + posting a pre-existing document to the web, headings that an author did not include in the original document cannot be inserted. Or, a long letter would often cover different topics, but putting headings into a letter would be very strange. However, if a document can be broken up into sections with headings, it facilitates both understanding and diff --git a/understanding/20/sign-language-prerecorded.html b/understanding/20/sign-language-prerecorded.html index 0939c00928..4d4252bcf0 100644 --- a/understanding/20/sign-language-prerecorded.html +++ b/understanding/20/sign-language-prerecorded.html @@ -61,8 +61,8 @@
Metadata is a powerful tool that can be used for describing Web pages and accessible +
Metadata is a powerful tool that can be used for describing web pages and accessible components of web pages as well as associating alternate versions of web content to each other. These descriptions in turn allows users to locate specific information they need or prefer. diff --git a/understanding/21/reflow.html b/understanding/21/reflow.html index 3aee7b84ed..fb8833e66f 100644 --- a/understanding/21/reflow.html +++ b/understanding/21/reflow.html @@ -355,7 +355,7 @@
All WCAG 2 success criteria are written as testable criteria for objectively determining if content satisfies them. Testing the success criteria would involve a combination of automated testing and human evaluation. The content should be tested by those who - understand how people with different types of disabilities use the Web. + understand how people with different types of disabilities use the web.
Testing and testable in the context refer to functional testing, that is verifying @@ -887,7 +887,7 @@
"Programmatically determined" relates to the information in Web Content. If technologies +
"Programmatically determined" relates to the information in web content. If technologies that are accessibility supported are used properly, then assistive technologies and user agents can access the information in the content (i.e., programmatically determine the information in the content) and present it to the user. @@ -1200,18 +1200,18 @@
The definition of a Web Page is:
+The definition of a web page is:
web page
It is important to note that, in this standard, the term "web page" includes much - more than static HTML pages. The term 'Web Page' was used in these guidelines to allow + more than static HTML pages. The term 'web page' was used in these guidelines to allow the guidelines to be more understandable. But the term has grown in meaning with advancing technologies to encompass a wide range of technologies, many of which are not at all 'page-like'. It also includes the increasingly dynamic web pages that are emerging - on the Web, including "pages" that can present entire virtual interactive communities. + on the web, including "pages" that can present entire virtual interactive communities. For example, the term "web page" would include an immersive interactive movie-like experience that you find at a single URI.
diff --git a/understanding/intro.html b/understanding/intro.html index 4c4554c1bf..f383b1e3ec 100644 --- a/understanding/intro.html +++ b/understanding/intro.html @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@If any of these are not true, users with disabilities will not be able to use the Web.
+If any of these are not true, users with disabilities will not be able to use the web.
Under each of the principles are guidelines and success criteria that help to address these principles for people with disabilities. There are many general usability guidelines that make content more usable by all people, including those with disabilities. However, in WCAG {{ versionDecimal }}, we only include those guidelines that address problems particular to people with disabilities. This includes issues that block access or interfere with access to the web more severely for people with disabilities.
Under each guideline, there are success criteria that describe specifically what must be achieved in order to conform to this standard. They are similar to the "checkpoints" in WCAG 1.0. Each success criterion is written as a statement that will be either true or false when specific web content is tested against it. The success criteria are written to be technology neutral.
All WCAG {{ versionDecimal }} success criteria are written as testable criteria for objectively determining if content satisfies the success criteria. While some of the testing can be automated using software evaluation programs, others require human testers for part or all of the test.
Although content may satisfy the success criteria, the content may not always be usable by people with a wide variety of disabilities. Professional reviews utilizing recognized qualitative heuristics are important in achieving accessibility for some audiences. In addition, usability testing is recommended. Usability testing aims to determine how well people can use the content for its intended purpose.
-The content should be tested by those who understand how people with different types of disabilities use the Web. It is recommended that users with disabilities be included in test groups when performing human testing.
+The content should be tested by those who understand how people with different types of disabilities use the web. It is recommended that users with disabilities be included in test groups when performing human testing.
Each success criterion for a guideline has a link to the section of the How to Meet document that provides:
Test Rules typically check specific aspects of WCAG 2 success criteria. For example, that a table cell has a header rather than the entire WCAG 2 success criterion 1.3.1 "Info and Relationships", which applies to many more information structures on a web page. In fact, this example rule would not even check the validity of the table header, only if the header exists for a given table cell.
+Test Rules typically check specific aspects of WCAG 2 success criteria. For example, that a table cell has a header rather than the entire WCAG 2 Success Criterion 1.3.1 "Info and Relationships", which applies to many more information structures on a web page. In fact, this example rule would not even check the validity of the table header, only if the header exists for a given table cell.
Test Rules are also technology-specific. For example, the aforementioned table header example would be specific to HTML, possibly enriched with WAI-ARIA roles and properties, but not to other formats with tables. WCAG 2 success criteria are designed to be technology-agnostic and applicable to all web technologies.