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UPGRADE: s/subresource/non-navigational/ (#226)
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specs/upgrade/index.html

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<h1 class="p-name no-ref" id="title">Upgrade Insecure Requests</h1>
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<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="subtitle"><span class="content">Editor’s Draft,
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<time class="dt-updated" datetime="2015-07-15">15 July 2015</time></span></h2>
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<time class="dt-updated" datetime="2015-07-16">16 July 2015</time></span></h2>
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<div data-fill-with="spec-metadata">
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<dl>
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<li><a href="#goals"><span class="secno">1.1</span> <span class="content">Goals</span></a>
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<li><a href="#examples"><span class="secno">1.2</span> <span class="content">Examples</span></a>
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<ul class="toc">
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<li><a href="#example-subresource"><span class="secno">1.2.1</span> <span class="content">Subresource Upgrades</span></a>
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<li><a href="#example-nonnavigational"><span class="secno">1.2.1</span> <span class="content">Non-navigational Upgrades</span></a>
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<li><a href="#example-navigation"><span class="secno">1.2.2</span> <span class="content">Navigational Upgrades</span></a>
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<li><a href="#example-failed"><span class="secno">1.2.3</span> <span class="content">Failed Upgrade</span></a>
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</ul>
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<p>Most notably, mixed content checking <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-mix">[MIX]</a> has the potential to cause real
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headache for administrators tasked with moving substantial amounts of legacy
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content onto HTTPS. In particular, going through old content and rewriting
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subresource URLs manually is a huge undertaking. Moreover, it’s often the case
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resource URLs manually is a huge undertaking. Moreover, it’s often the case
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that truly legacy content is difficult or impossible to update. Consider the
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BBC’s archived websites <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-bbc-archive">[BBC-ARCHIVE]</a>, or the New York Times' hard-coded
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URLs <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-nyt-https">[NYT-HTTPS]</a>.</p>
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<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="1.2" id="examples"><span class="secno">1.2. </span><span class="content">Examples</span><a class="self-link" href="#examples"></a></h3>
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<h4 class="heading settled" data-level="1.2.1" id="example-subresource"><span class="secno">1.2.1. </span><span class="content">Subresource Upgrades</span><a class="self-link" href="#example-subresource"></a></h4>
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<h4 class="heading settled" data-level="1.2.1" id="example-nonnavigational"><span class="secno">1.2.1. </span><span class="content">Non-navigational Upgrades</span><a class="self-link" href="#example-nonnavigational"></a></h4>
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<div class="example" id="example-35db2d27"><a class="self-link" href="#example-35db2d27"></a>
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<div class="example" id="example-40296e80"><a class="self-link" href="#example-40296e80"></a>
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Megacorp, Inc. wishes to migrate <code>http://example.com/</code> to
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<code>https://example.com</code>. They set up their servers
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to make their own resources available over HTTPS, and work with partners in
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<p>The URL will be rewritten before the request is made, meaning that no
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insecure requests will hit the network. Users will be safer, and Megacorp’s
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administrators will be happier, as all subresource requests will be
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administrators will be happier, as all resource requests will be
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transparently upgraded with no effort on their part.</p>
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<h4 class="heading settled" data-level="1.2.3" id="example-failed"><span class="secno">1.2.3. </span><span class="content">Failed Upgrade</span><a class="self-link" href="#example-failed"></a></h4>
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<div class="example" id="example-962745f2"><a class="self-link" href="#example-962745f2"></a>
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<div class="example" id="example-2437e019"><a class="self-link" href="#example-2437e019"></a>
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Tinycorp, Inc. enabled <code><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#upgrade_insecure_requests">upgrade-insecure-requests</a></code> a bit
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earlier than they should have, as they don’t actually support HTTPS on
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<code>http://cdn.example.com/</code>. Given the following code:
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<p>User agents will upgrade requests, as described in <a href="#example-subresource">§1.2.1 Subresource Upgrades</a>,
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<p>User agents will upgrade requests, as described in <a href="#example-nonnavigational">§1.2.1 Non-navigational Upgrades</a>,
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rewriting the URL as <code>https://cdn.example.com/image.png</code>. As the
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server doesn’t respond to secure requests, this results in a network error.</p>
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</dl>
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<p>The Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF) notation used in <a href="#delivery">§3.1
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The upgrade-insecure-requests Content Security Policy directive</a> is
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<p>The Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF) notation used in <a href="#delivery">§3.1 The upgrade-insecure-requests Content Security Policy directive</a> is
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specified in RFC5234. <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-abnf">[ABNF]</a></p>
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</section>
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Upgrade<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-insecure-requests-policy-do-not-upgrade"></a></dfn> and
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<dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="insecure requests policy" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-insecure-requests-policy-upgrade">Upgrade<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-insecure-requests-policy-upgrade"></a></dfn>. It is
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set to <a class="css" data-link-type="value" href="#valdef-insecure-requests-policy-do-not-upgrade">Do Not Upgrade</a> unless otherwise specified. This policy
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is checked in <a href="#upgrade-request">§4.1
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Upgrade request to a potentially secure URL, if appropriate</a> in order to determine whether or not
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subresource requests and form submissions should be upgraded during
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is checked in <a href="#upgrade-request">§4.1 Upgrade request to a potentially secure URL, if appropriate</a> in order to determine whether or not
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non-navigational requests and form submissions should be upgraded during
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<a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#fetching">fetching</a>.
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given an <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export="" id="upgrade-insecure-navigations-set">upgrade insecure navigations set<a class="self-link" href="#upgrade-insecure-navigations-set"></a></dfn> which
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contains a set of (<code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/url/#concept-url-host">host</a></code>, <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/url/#concept-url-port">port</a></code>) tuples to which navigations
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ought to be upgraded. Its value is the empty set unless otherwise
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specified. This set is checked in <a href="#upgrade-request">§4.1
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Upgrade request to a potentially secure URL, if appropriate</a> in order to
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specified. This set is checked in <a href="#upgrade-request">§4.1 Upgrade request to a potentially secure URL, if appropriate</a> in order to
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determine whether or not navigational requests should be upgraded.
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<p>The <code><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#upgrade_insecure_requests">upgrade-insecure-requests</a></code> directive results in
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requests being rewritten at the top of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#fetching">Fetching</a> algorithm
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<a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-fetch">[FETCH]</a>, as specified in <a href="#upgrade-request">§4.1
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Upgrade request to a potentially secure URL, if appropriate</a>. It’s important to note that
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<a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-fetch">[FETCH]</a>, as specified in <a href="#upgrade-request">§4.1 Upgrade request to a potentially secure URL, if appropriate</a>. It’s important to note that
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the rewrite happens <em>before</em> either Mixed Content <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-mix">[MIX]</a> or Content
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Security Policy checks take effect <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-csp2">[CSP2]</a>.</p>
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<p>Rather than relying on user-agent sniffing to make this decision, user agents
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can advertise their upgrade capability when making navigational requests by
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including an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#upgrade_insecure_requests-http-request-header-field"><code>Upgrade-Insecure-Requests</code> header field</a> as
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described in <a href="#preference">§3.2.1
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The Upgrade-Insecure-Requests HTTP Request Header Field</a>.</p>
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described in <a href="#preference">§3.2.1 The Upgrade-Insecure-Requests HTTP Request Header Field</a>.</p>
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<h4 class="heading settled" data-level="3.2.1" id="preference"><span class="secno">3.2.1. </span><span class="content">
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<p>User agent conformance details are described in step #1 of the the
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<a href="#upgrade-request">§4.1
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Upgrade request to a potentially secure URL, if appropriate</a> algorithm. That step represents the following
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<a href="#upgrade-request">§4.1 Upgrade request to a potentially secure URL, if appropriate</a> algorithm. That step represents the following
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requirements:</p>
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<p class="note" role="note">Note: User agents can choose to append the
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<a data-link-type="dfn" href="#upgrade_insecure_requests-http-request-header-field"><code>Upgrade-Insecure-Requests</code> header field</a> for other
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requests, as discussed in <a href="#preference">§3.2.1
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The Upgrade-Insecure-Requests HTTP Request Header Field</a>.</p>
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requests, as discussed in <a href="#preference">§3.2.1 The Upgrade-Insecure-Requests HTTP Request Header Field</a>.</p>
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<li>
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Let <var>upgrade state</var> be the result of executing
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<a href="#should-upgrade-for-client">§4.2
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Should insecure Requests be upgraded for client?</a> upon <var>request</var>’s
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<a href="#should-upgrade-for-client">§4.2 Should insecure Requests be upgraded for client?</a> upon <var>request</var>’s
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<code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-request-client">client</a></code>.
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<li>
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Let <var>upgrade state</var> be the result of executing
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<a href="#should-upgrade-for-client">§4.2
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Should insecure Requests be upgraded for client?</a> upon the
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<a href="#should-upgrade-for-client">§4.2 Should insecure Requests be upgraded for client?</a> upon the
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<a data-link-type="dfn" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/webappapis.html#relevant-settings-object-for-a-script">relevant settings
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object</a> for <var>client</var>’s <var>entry script</var>.
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1\r\n</code> to every outgoing navigational request to non-<a data-link-type="dfn" href="#preloadable-hsts-host">preloadable
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HSTS hosts</a> (as discussed at length on public-webappsec@, and
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<a href="https://github.com/w3c/webappsec/issues/216">w3c/webappsec#216</a>).
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The advantages and intent of the header are laid out in <a href="#preference">§3.2.1
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The Upgrade-Insecure-Requests HTTP Request Header Field</a>, and
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The advantages and intent of the header are laid out in <a href="#preference">§3.2.1 The Upgrade-Insecure-Requests HTTP Request Header Field</a>, and
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though we’ve taken some steps to ensure that it won’t be a permanent fixture
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of the platform (by carving out <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#preloadable-hsts-host">preloadable HSTS hosts</a>), it’s going
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to be a long, long time before the header vanishes.</p>
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<dt>Specification document
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<dd>This specification (See <a href="#preference">§3.2.1
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The Upgrade-Insecure-Requests HTTP Request Header Field</a>)
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<dd>This specification (See <a href="#preference">§3.2.1 The Upgrade-Insecure-Requests HTTP Request Header Field</a>)
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</dl>

specs/upgrade/index.src.html

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Most notably, mixed content checking [[MIX]] has the potential to cause real
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headache for administrators tasked with moving substantial amounts of legacy
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content onto HTTPS. In particular, going through old content and rewriting
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subresource URLs manually is a huge undertaking. Moreover, it's often the case
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resource URLs manually is a huge undertaking. Moreover, it's often the case
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that truly legacy content is difficult or impossible to update. Consider the
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BBC's archived websites [[BBC-ARCHIVE]], or the New York Times' hard-coded
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URLs [[NYT-HTTPS]].
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<h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
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<h4 id="example-subresource">Subresource Upgrades</h4>
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<h4 id="example-nonnavigational">Non-navigational Upgrades</h4>
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<div class="example">
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Megacorp, Inc. wishes to migrate <code>http://example.com/</code> to
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The URL will be rewritten before the request is made, meaning that no
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insecure requests will hit the network. Users will be safer, and Megacorp's
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administrators will be happier, as all subresource requests will be
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administrators will be happier, as all resource requests will be
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transparently upgraded with no effort on their part.
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</div>
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</pre>
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Links to third-party sites will not be upgraded. That is, the following
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HTML code:
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<pre>
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&lt;a href="http://not-example.com/"&gt;Home&lt;/a&gt;
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Tinycorp, Inc. enabled <code><a>upgrade-insecure-requests</a></code> a bit
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earlier than they should have, as they don't actually support HTTPS on
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<code>http://cdn.example.com/</code>. Given the following code:
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<pre>
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&lt;img src="http://cdn.example.com/image.png"&gt;
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</pre>
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User agents will upgrade requests, as described in [[#example-subresource]],
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User agents will upgrade requests, as described in [[#example-nonnavigational]],
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rewriting the URL as <code>https://cdn.example.com/image.png</code>. As the
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server doesn't respond to secure requests, this results in a network error.
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<dfn for="insecure requests policy" value export>Upgrade</dfn>. It is
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set to <a value>Do Not Upgrade</a> unless otherwise specified. This policy
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is checked in [[#upgrade-request]] in order to determine whether or not
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subresource requests and form submissions should be upgraded during
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non-navigational requests and form submissions should be upgraded during
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<a>fetching</a>.
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</li>
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<li>

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