diff --git a/e2e/cases/shims/cjs/rslib.config.ts b/e2e/cases/shims/cjs/rslib.config.ts
index bf6482cd4..23f9d4e2a 100644
--- a/e2e/cases/shims/cjs/rslib.config.ts
+++ b/e2e/cases/shims/cjs/rslib.config.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-import { generateBundleCjsConfig } from '@e2e/helper';
+import { generateBundleCjsConfig, generateBundleEsmConfig } from '@e2e/helper';
 import { defineConfig } from '@rslib/core';
 
 export default defineConfig({
-  lib: [generateBundleCjsConfig()],
+  lib: [generateBundleEsmConfig(), generateBundleCjsConfig()],
   output: {
     target: 'node',
   },
diff --git a/e2e/cases/shims/index.test.ts b/e2e/cases/shims/index.test.ts
index 0c6a0a42e..3f290a2ab 100644
--- a/e2e/cases/shims/index.test.ts
+++ b/e2e/cases/shims/index.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { join } from 'node:path';
 import { buildAndGetResults } from '@e2e/helper';
-import { expect, test } from 'vitest';
+import { describe, expect, test } from 'vitest';
 
 test('shims for __dirname and __filename in ESM', async () => {
   const fixturePath = join(__dirname, 'esm');
@@ -16,15 +16,29 @@ test('shims for __dirname and __filename in ESM', async () => {
   }
 });
 
-test('shims for import.meta.url in CJS', async () => {
-  const fixturePath = join(__dirname, 'cjs');
-  const { entries } = await buildAndGetResults(fixturePath);
-  for (const shim of [
-    `var __rslib_import_meta_url__ = /*#__PURE__*/ function() {
+describe('shims for `import.meta.url` in CJS', () => {
+  test('CJS should apply shims', async () => {
+    const fixturePath = join(__dirname, 'cjs');
+    const { entries } = await buildAndGetResults(fixturePath);
+    for (const shim of [
+      `var __rslib_import_meta_url__ = /*#__PURE__*/ function() {
     return 'undefined' == typeof document ? new (require('url'.replace('', ''))).URL('file:' + __filename).href : document.currentScript && document.currentScript.src || new URL('main.js', document.baseURI).href;
 }();`,
-    'console.log(__rslib_import_meta_url__);',
-  ]) {
-    expect(entries.cjs).toContain(shim);
-  }
+      'console.log(__rslib_import_meta_url__);',
+    ]) {
+      expect(entries.cjs).toContain(shim);
+    }
+  });
+
+  test('ESM should not be affected by CJS shims configuration', async () => {
+    const fixturePath = join(__dirname, 'cjs');
+    const { entries } = await buildAndGetResults(fixturePath);
+    expect(entries.esm).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+      "const foo = ()=>{
+          console.log(import.meta.url);
+      };
+      export { foo };
+      "
+    `);
+  });
 });
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugins/cjsShim.ts b/packages/core/src/plugins/cjsShim.ts
index 76674a50f..9311bfef7 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugins/cjsShim.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugins/cjsShim.ts
@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@ export const pluginCjsShim = (): RsbuildPlugin => ({
   name: 'rsbuild-plugin-cjs-shim',
 
   setup(api) {
-    api.modifyRsbuildConfig((config) => {
-      config.source ||= {};
+    api.modifyEnvironmentConfig((config) => {
       config.source.define = {
         ...config.source.define,
         'import.meta.url': '__rslib_import_meta_url__',