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benchmarks.md

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Benchmarks

The project includes benchmarks using Criterion.rs to measure performance of critical operations.

Running Benchmarks

# Run all benchmarks
cargo bench

# Run specific benchmark suite
cargo bench --bench region_benchmarks
cargo bench --bench event_benchmarks

# Run with specific filter
cargo bench -- tracker_operations

# Run without HTML report generation
cargo bench -- --noplot

Benchmark Suites

Region Benchmarks (benches/region_benchmarks.rs)

Benchmarks for the ptrace region tracking module.

Benchmark Description
TrackedRegion::new Region creation overhead
state_transitions/transition_to_executable W→X transition
state_transitions/transition_to_writable X→W transition
state_transitions/wx_cycle Complete W-X cycle
region_checks/contains_hit Address lookup (hit)
region_checks/contains_miss Address lookup (miss)
region_checks/overlaps_true Overlap detection (true)
region_checks/overlaps_false Overlap detection (false)
tracker_operations/add Adding regions (10, 100, 1000)
tracker_operations/find_hit Finding regions (hit)
tracker_operations/find_miss Finding regions (miss)
tracker_remove/remove_overlapping Removing regions
fault_type/determine_writable Fault type for writable region
fault_type/determine_executable Fault type for executable region

Event Benchmarks (benches/event_benchmarks.rs)

Benchmarks for the eBPF event processing module.

Benchmark Description
event_creation/Event::shutdown Shutdown event creation
event_creation/Event_with_content Event with 4KB content
event_creation/Event_without_content Event without content
event_type_checks/is_rwx RWX check for each event type
event_type_checks/adds_executable Executable check for each type
page_creation/Page::new_empty Empty page creation
page_creation/Page::new_with_content Page with content
page_creation/Page::new_rwx RWX page creation
page_content/clone_content Page cloning (4KB, 16KB, 64KB)
page_content/create_content Page creation with content
event_batch/create_events Batch event creation (10, 100, 1000)
event_batch/filter_rwx_events Filtering RWX events from batch
timestamp/SystemTime::now System time acquisition
timestamp/timestamp_to_string Timestamp formatting
content_patterns/detect_nop_sled NOP sled detection
content_patterns/detect_zero_page Zero page detection
content_patterns/find_ret_instruction RET instruction search

Output

Benchmark results are saved to target/criterion/ and include:

  • HTML Reports: target/criterion/report/index.html
  • Raw Data: JSON files with statistical analysis
  • Comparison: Change detection vs previous runs

Example Output

TrackedRegion::new      time:   [24.405 ns 24.500 ns 24.595 ns]

state_transitions/transition_to_executable
                        time:   [12.612 ns 13.773 ns 14.806 ns]

region_checks/contains_hit
                        time:   [794.70 ps 799.42 ps 804.17 ps]

tracker_operations/find_hit/100
                        time:   [45.123 ns 45.678 ns 46.234 ns]
                        thrpt:  [2.1630 Melem/s 2.1893 Melem/s 2.2161 Melem/s]

Interpreting Results

  • time: [lower bound, estimate, upper bound] at 95% confidence
  • thrpt: Throughput in elements per second (for batch operations)
  • Change: Percentage change from previous run (if available)

Performance Considerations

Based on benchmark results:

  1. Region operations are fast: Contains/overlaps checks are sub-nanosecond
  2. State transitions: ~15-20ns per transition, suitable for high-frequency W-X cycles
  3. Tracker scaling: Linear scaling with number of regions (O(n) lookup)
  4. Memory content: Cloning 4KB pages takes ~100-200ns

Adding New Benchmarks

Add benchmarks to existing files or create new benchmark files:

// In benches/my_benchmarks.rs
use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, Criterion, black_box};

fn my_benchmark(c: &mut Criterion) {
    c.bench_function("my_operation", |b| {
        b.iter(|| {
            black_box(my_operation())
        })
    });
}

criterion_group!(benches, my_benchmark);
criterion_main!(benches);

Then add to Cargo.toml:

[[bench]]
name = "my_benchmarks"
harness = false

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