diff --git a/changes/3367.bugfix.rst b/changes/3367.bugfix.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..75a3615e8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changes/3367.bugfix.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Added `~zarr.errors.ArrayNotFoundError`, which is raised when attempting to open a zarr array that does not exist.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/zarr/api/asynchronous.py b/src/zarr/api/asynchronous.py
index 78b68caf73..46a7d92158 100644
--- a/src/zarr/api/asynchronous.py
+++ b/src/zarr/api/asynchronous.py
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 )
 from zarr.core.metadata import ArrayMetadataDict, ArrayV2Metadata, ArrayV3Metadata
 from zarr.errors import (
+    ArrayNotFoundError,
     GroupNotFoundError,
     NodeTypeValidationError,
     ZarrDeprecationWarning,
@@ -1257,7 +1258,7 @@ async def open_array(
 
     try:
         return await AsyncArray.open(store_path, zarr_format=zarr_format)
-    except FileNotFoundError:
+    except FileNotFoundError as err:
         if not store_path.read_only and mode in _CREATE_MODES:
             overwrite = _infer_overwrite(mode)
             _zarr_format = zarr_format or _default_zarr_format()
@@ -1267,7 +1268,7 @@ async def open_array(
                 overwrite=overwrite,
                 **kwargs,
             )
-        raise
+        raise ArrayNotFoundError(store_path.store, store_path.path) from err
 
 
 async def open_like(
diff --git a/src/zarr/errors.py b/src/zarr/errors.py
index 0055ea3c6c..d2cf98c869 100644
--- a/src/zarr/errors.py
+++ b/src/zarr/errors.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from typing import Any
 
 __all__ = [
+    "ArrayNotFoundError",
     "BaseZarrError",
     "ContainsArrayAndGroupError",
     "ContainsArrayError",
@@ -34,6 +35,10 @@ class GroupNotFoundError(BaseZarrError, FileNotFoundError):
     _msg = "No group found in store {!r} at path {!r}"
 
 
+class ArrayNotFoundError(BaseZarrError):
+    _msg = "array not found at path %r' {0!r}"
+
+
 class ContainsGroupError(BaseZarrError):
     """Raised when a group already exists at a certain path."""
 
diff --git a/tests/test_api.py b/tests/test_api.py
index 12acf80589..18359fbf95 100644
--- a/tests/test_api.py
+++ b/tests/test_api.py
@@ -42,7 +42,12 @@
     save_group,
 )
 from zarr.core.buffer import NDArrayLike
-from zarr.errors import MetadataValidationError, ZarrDeprecationWarning, ZarrUserWarning
+from zarr.errors import (
+    ArrayNotFoundError,
+    MetadataValidationError,
+    ZarrDeprecationWarning,
+    ZarrUserWarning,
+)
 from zarr.storage import MemoryStore
 from zarr.storage._utils import normalize_path
 from zarr.testing.utils import gpu_test
@@ -161,7 +166,7 @@ async def test_open_array(memory_store: MemoryStore, zarr_format: ZarrFormat) ->
     assert z.read_only
 
     # path not found
-    with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+    with pytest.raises(ArrayNotFoundError):
         zarr.api.synchronous.open(store="doesnotexist", mode="r", zarr_format=zarr_format)
 
 
@@ -1200,7 +1205,7 @@ async def test_metadata_validation_error() -> None:
 )
 def test_open_array_with_mode_r_plus(store: Store, zarr_format: ZarrFormat) -> None:
     # 'r+' means read/write (must exist)
-    with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+    with pytest.raises(ArrayNotFoundError):
         zarr.open_array(store=store, mode="r+", zarr_format=zarr_format)
     zarr.ones(store=store, shape=(3, 3), zarr_format=zarr_format)
     z2 = zarr.open_array(store=store, mode="r+")