lib: cbprintf: add support for deferred formatting

In applications like logging the call site where arguments to
formatting are available may not be suitable for performing the
formatting, e.g. when the output operation can sleep.  Add API that
supports capturing data that may be transient into a buffer that can
be saved, and API that then produces the output later using the
packaged arguments.

Signed-off-by: Peter Bigot <[email protected]>

Author: pabigot

include/sys/cbprintf.h

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 #include <toolchain.h>
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
@@ -40,6 +41,108 @@ extern "C" {
  */
 typedef int (*cbprintf_cb)(/* int c, void *ctx */);
 
+/** @brief Capture state required to output formatted data later.
+ *
+ * Like cbprintf() but instead of processing the arguments and emitting the
+ * formatted results immediately all arguments are captured so this can be
+ * done in a different context, e.g. when the output function can block.
+ *
+ * In addition to the values extracted from arguments this will ensure that
+ * copies are made of the necessary portions of any string parameters that are
+ * not confirmed to be stored in read-only memory (hence assumed to be safe to
+ * refer to directly later).
+ *
+ * @note This function is available only when `CONFIG_CBPRINTF_COMPLETE` is
+ * selected.
+ *
+ * @param packaged pointer to where the packaged data can be stored.  Pass a
+ * null pointer to store nothing but still calculate the total space required.
+ * The data stored here is relocatable, that is it can be moved to another
+ * contiguous block of memory.
+ *
+ * @param len on input this must be set to the number of bytes available at @p
+ * packaged.  If @p packaged is NULL the input value is ignored.  On output
+ * the referenced value will be updated to the number of bytes required to
+ * completely store the packed information.  The @p len parameter must not be
+ * null.
+ *
+ * @param format a standard ISO C format string with characters and conversion
+ * specifications.
+ *
+ * @param ... arguments corresponding to the conversion specifications found
+ * within @p format.
+ *
+ * @retval nonegative the number of bytes successfully stored at @p packaged.
+ * This will not exceed the input value of @p *len.
+ * @retval -EINVAL if @p format or @p len are not acceptable
+ * @retval -ENOSPC if @p packaged was not null and the space required to store
+ * exceed the input value of @p *len.
+ */
+__printf_like(3, 4)
+int cbprintf_package(uint8_t *packaged,
+		     size_t *len,
+		     const char *format,
+		     ...);
+
+/** @brief Capture state required to output formatted data later.
+ *
+ * Like cbprintf() but instead of processing the arguments and emitting the
+ * formatted results immediately all arguments are captured so this can be
+ * done in a different context, e.g. when the output function can block.
+ *
+ * In addition to the values extracted from arguments this will ensure that
+ * copies are made of the necessary portions of any string parameters that are
+ * not confirmed to be stored in read-only memory (hence assumed to be safe to
+ * refer to directly later).
+ *
+ * @note This function is available only when `CONFIG_CBPRINTF_COMPLETE` is
+ * selected.
+ *
+ * @param packaged pointer to where the packaged data can be stored.  Pass a
+ * null pointer to store nothing but still calculate the total space required.
+ * The data stored here is relocatable, that is it can be moved to another
+ * contiguous block of memory.
+ *
+ * @param len on input this must be set to the number of bytes available at @p
+ * packaged.  If @p packaged is NULL the input value is ignored.  On output
+ * the referenced value will be updated to the number of bytes required to
+ * completely store the packed information.  The @p len parameter must not be
+ * null.
+ *
+ * @param format a standard ISO C format string with characters and conversion
+ * specifications.
+ *
+ * @param ap captured stack arguments corresponding to the conversion
+ * specifications found within @p format.
+ *
+ * @retval nonegative the number of bytes successfully stored at @p packaged.
+ * This will not exceed the input value of @p *len.
+ * @retval -EINVAL if @p format or @p len are not acceptable
+ * @retval -ENOSPC if @p packaged was not null and the space required to store
+ * exceed the input value of @p *len.
+ */
+int cbvprintf_package(uint8_t *packaged,
+		      size_t *len,
+		      const char *format,
+		      va_list ap);
+
+/** @brief Generate the output for a previously captured format
+ * operation.
+ *
+ * @param out the function used to emit each generated character.
+ *
+ * @param ctx context provided when invoking out
+ *
+ * @param packaged the data required to generate the formatted output, as
+ * captured by cbprintf_package() or cbvprintf_package().
+ *
+ * @return the number of characters printed, or a negative error value
+ * returned from invoking @p out.
+ */
+int cbpprintf(cbprintf_cb out,
+	      void *ctx,
+	      const uint8_t *packaged);
+
 /** @brief *printf-like output through a callback.
  *
  * This is essentially printf() except the output is generated