fix(course/15): 适配 Zig 0.15 语法变更及修正示例

- 更新所有 build.zig 文件，使用 .root_module 替代 .root_source_file，适配 Zig 0.15 新构建 API
- 替换 std.fs.File.stdout/stderr().writer 用法为 std.io.getStdOut/getStdErr().writer，修正输出流写法
- 暂时注释掉不兼容 Zig 0.15 的内联汇编代码，并添加 TODO 提示
- 修正 memory_manager.zig 中 c_allocator 拼写及 DebugAllocator 初始化方式
- 修正 echo_tcp_server.zig 中 listen 参数，移除已废弃的 reuse_port
- 修正 package_management_importer/build.zig.zon 文件名错误
- 其他细节调整以保证示例代码在 Zig 0.15 下可编译运行

Author: jinzhongjia

15_zig_build_fix.txt

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ const std = @import("std");
 const Build = std.Build;
 const ChildProcess = std.process.Child;
 
-const log = std.log.scoped(.For_0_14_0);
+const log = std.log.scoped(.For_0_15_0);
 
 const args = [_][]const u8{ "zig", "build" };
 
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ pub fn build(b: *Build) void {
 
     // open dir
     var dir = std.fs.openDirAbsolute(full_path, .{ .iterate = true }) catch |err| {
-        log.err("open 14 path failed, err is {}", .{err});
+        log.err("open 15 path failed, err is {}", .{err});
         std.process.exit(1);
     };
     defer dir.close();

build/0.15.zig

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 pub fn main() !void {
     CreateArray.main();
+    Deconstruct.main();
     Matrix.main();
     TerminatedArray.main();
     Multiply.main();
     Connect.main();
     FuncInitArray.main();
     ComptimeInitArray.main();
 }
-
 const CreateArray = struct {
     // #region create_array
     const print = @import("std").debug.print;

course/code/15/array.zig

@@ -24,36 +24,46 @@ const external_assembly = struct {
 
 const inline_assembly = struct {
     // #region inline_assembly
+    const std = @import("std");
+
     pub fn main() noreturn {
-        const msg = "hello world\n";
-        _ = syscall3(SYS_write, STDOUT_FILENO, @intFromPtr(msg), msg.len);
-        _ = syscall1(SYS_exit, 0);
-        unreachable;
+        // Temporarily disabled due to Zig 0.15 syntax changes
+        // const msg = "hello world\n";
+        // _ = syscall3(SYS_write, STDOUT_FILENO, @intFromPtr(msg), msg.len);
+        // _ = syscall1(SYS_exit, 0);
+        std.process.exit(0);
     }
 
     pub const SYS_write = 1;
     pub const SYS_exit = 60;
 
     pub const STDOUT_FILENO = 1;
 
-    pub fn syscall1(number: usize, arg1: usize) usize {
-        return asm volatile ("syscall"
-            : [ret] "={rax}" (-> usize),
-            : [number] "{rax}" (number),
-              [arg1] "{rdi}" (arg1),
-            : "rcx", "r11"
-        );
-    }
+    // Temporarily disabled due to Zig 0.15 inline assembly syntax changes
+    // TODO: Update to new Zig 0.15 inline assembly syntax
 
-    pub fn syscall3(number: usize, arg1: usize, arg2: usize, arg3: usize) usize {
-        return asm volatile ("syscall"
-            : [ret] "={rax}" (-> usize),
-            : [number] "{rax}" (number),
-              [arg1] "{rdi}" (arg1),
-              [arg2] "{rsi}" (arg2),
-              [arg3] "{rdx}" (arg3),
-            : "rcx", "r11"
-        );
-    }
+    // pub fn syscall1(number: usize, arg1: usize) usize {
+    //     var result: usize = undefined;
+    //     asm volatile ("syscall"
+    //         : [ret] "={rax}" (result)
+    //         : [number] "{rax}" (number),
+    //           [arg1] "{rdi}" (arg1)
+    //         : "rcx", "r11"
+    //     );
+    //     return result;
+    // }
+
+    // pub fn syscall3(number: usize, arg1: usize, arg2: usize, arg3: usize) usize {
+    //     var result: usize = undefined;
+    //     asm volatile ("syscall"
+    //         : [ret] "={rax}" (result)
+    //         : [number] "{rax}" (number),
+    //           [arg1] "{rdi}" (arg1),
+    //           [arg2] "{rsi}" (arg2),
+    //           [arg3] "{rdx}" (arg3)
+    //         : "rcx", "r11"
+    //     );
+    //     return result;
+    // }
     // #endregion inline_assembly
 };

course/code/15/assembly.zig

@@ -4,14 +4,12 @@ pub fn main() !void {
     // Prints to stderr (it's a shortcut based on `std.io.getStdErr()`)
     std.debug.print("All your {s} are belong to us.\n", .{"codebase"});
 
-    var stderr_buffer: [1024]u8 = undefined;
     // stdout is for the actual output of your application, for example if you
     // are implementing gzip, then only the compressed bytes should be sent to
     // stdout, not any debugging messages.
-    const stdout_file = std.fs.File.stdout().writer(&stderr_buffer);
+    const stdout_file = std.io.getStdOut().writer();
     var bw = std.io.bufferedWriter(stdout_file);
     const stdout = bw.writer();
-
     try stdout.print("Run `zig build test` to run the tests.\n", .{});
 
     try bw.flush(); // don't forget to flush!

course/code/15/build_system/basic/src/main.zig

@@ -9,11 +9,12 @@ pub fn build(b: *std.Build) void {
     // 构建一个 object，用于生成文档
     const object = b.addObject(.{
         .name = "object",
-        .root_source_file = b.path("src/root.zig"),
-        .target = target,
-        .optimize = optimize,
+        .root_module = b.addModule("object", .{
+            .root_source_file = b.path("src/root.zig"),
+            .target = target,
+            .optimize = optimize,
+        }),
     });
-
     // 创建一个 step
     const docs_step = b.step("docs", "Generate docs");
 

course/code/15/build_system/docs/build.zig

@@ -12,11 +12,13 @@ pub fn build(b: *std.Build) void {
         // 库的名字
         .name = "example",
         // 源文件地址
-        .root_source_file = b.path("src/root.zig"),
-        // 构建目标
-        .target = target,
-        // 构建模式
-        .optimize = optimize,
+        .root_module = b.addModule("example", .{
+            .root_source_file = b.path("src/root.zig"),
+            // 构建目标
+            .target = target,
+            // 构建模式
+            .optimize = optimize,
+        }),
     });
 
     // 这代替原本的 lib.install，在构建时自动构建 lib
@@ -26,11 +28,12 @@ pub fn build(b: *std.Build) void {
     // 添加一个二进制可执行程序构建
     const exe = b.addExecutable(.{
         .name = "zig",
-        .root_source_file = b.path("src/main.zig"),
-        .target = target,
-        .optimize = optimize,
+        .root_module = b.addModule("zig", .{
+            .root_source_file = b.path("src/main.zig"),
+            .target = target,
+            .optimize = optimize,
+        }),
     });
-
     // 链接 lib
     exe.linkLibrary(lib);
 

course/code/15/build_system/lib/build.zig

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ pub fn main() !void {
     const port = 8080;
     const address = try net.Address.parseIp4("127.0.0.1", port);
     // 初始化一个server，这里就包含了 socket() 和 bind() 两个过程
-    var server = try address.listen(.{ .reuse_port = true });
+    var server = try address.listen(.{});
     defer server.deinit();
     // #endregion listen
 

course/code/15/echo_tcp_server.zig

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 pub fn main() !void {
-    One.main();
+    try One.main();
     try Two.main();
     try Three.main();
 }
@@ -19,38 +19,29 @@ const Two = struct {
     const std = @import("std");
 
     pub fn main() !void {
-        var stdout_buffer: [1024]u8 = undefined;
-        var stderr_buffer: [1024]u8 = undefined;
-        var stdout_writer = std.fs.File.stdout().writer(&stdout_buffer);
-        const stdout = &stdout_writer.interface;
-        var stderr_writer = std.fs.File.stderr().writer(&stderr_buffer);
-        const stderr = &stderr_writer.interface;
+        const stdout = std.io.getStdOut().writer();
+        const stderr = std.io.getStdErr().writer();
 
         try stdout.print("Hello {s}!\n", .{"out"});
         try stderr.print("Hello {s}!\n", .{"err"});
-        try stdout.flush();
-        try stderr.flush();
-    }
-    // #endregion two
+    } // #endregion two
 };
 
 const Three = struct {
     // #region three
     const std = @import("std");
 
     pub fn main() !void {
-        var stdout_buffer: [1024]u8 = undefined;
-        var stderr_buffer: [1024]u8 = undefined;
-        const out = std.fs.File.stdout().writer(&stdout_buffer); // [!code focus]
-        const err = std.fs.File.stderr().writer(&stderr_buffer); // [!code focus]
+        const out = std.io.getStdOut().writer(); // [!code focus]
+        const err = std.io.getStdErr().writer(); // [!code focus]
 
         // 获取buffer// [!code focus]
         var out_buffer = std.io.bufferedWriter(out); // [!code focus]
         var err_buffer = std.io.bufferedWriter(err); // [!code focus]
 
         // 获取writer句柄// [!code focus]
-        var out_writer = out_buffer.writer(); // [!code focus]
-        var err_writer = err_buffer.writer(); // [!code focus]
+        const out_writer = out_buffer.writer(); // [!code focus]
+        const err_writer = err_buffer.writer(); // [!code focus]
 
         // 通过句柄写入buffer// [!code focus]
         try out_writer.print("Hello {s}!\n", .{"out"}); // [!code focus]

course/code/15/hello_world.zig

@@ -8,11 +8,12 @@ const Build = struct {
 
         const exe = b.addExecutable(.{
             .name = "c_lib_import_gsl_windows-x64",
-            .root_source_file = b.path("c_lib_import_gsl_fft.zig"),
-            .target = target,
-            .optimize = optimize,
+            .root_module = b.addModule("c_lib_import_gsl_windows-x64", .{
+                .root_source_file = b.path("src/main.zig"),
+                .target = target,
+                .optimize = optimize,
+            }),
         });
-
         // #region c_import
         // 增加 include 搜索目录
         exe.addIncludePath(.{ .cwd_relative = "D:\\vcpkg\\installed\\windows-x64\\include" });