feat(imshow): support facet_row for subplot rows (plotly>=6.7)

px.imshow gained facet_row support in plotly 6.7.0. Add it to the imshow
slot order (y, x, facet_col, facet_row, animation_frame), consistent with
all other plot types. On older plotly versions, using facet_row raises an
informative error; imshow without facet_row keeps working.

Note: 4D DataArrays now auto-assign their fourth dimension to facet_row
instead of animation_frame.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: FBumann

docs/examples/dimensions.ipynb

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
     "| line | x, color, line_dash, facet_col, facet_row, animation_frame |\n",
     "| scatter | x, color, symbol, facet_col, facet_row, animation_frame |\n",
     "| bar | x, color, facet_col, facet_row, animation_frame |\n",
-    "| imshow | x, y, facet_col, facet_row, animation_frame |"
+    "| imshow | y, x, facet_col, facet_row, animation_frame |"
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -186,6 +186,16 @@
     "xpx(data_3d).line(x=\"year\", facet_col=\"metric\", facet_row=\"country\")"
    ]
   },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Heatmap grids: imshow supports facet_col and facet_row (requires plotly>=6.7)\n",
+    "xpx(data_3d).imshow(facet_row=\"metric\")"
+   ]
+  },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
    "metadata": {},

tests/test_accessor.py

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
 import xarray as xr
 
 import xarray_plotly  # noqa: F401 - registers accessor
-from xarray_plotly import xpx
+from xarray_plotly import plotting, xpx
+from xarray_plotly.plotting import _imshow_supports_facet_row
 
 
 class TestXpxFunction:
@@ -403,6 +404,100 @@ def test_imshow_animation_consistent_bounds(self) -> None:
         assert coloraxis.cmax == 70.0
 
 
+requires_imshow_facet_row = pytest.mark.skipif(
+    not _imshow_supports_facet_row(),
+    reason="facet_row in px.imshow requires plotly>=6.7.0",
+)
+
+
+class TestImshowFaceting:
+    """Tests for imshow facet_col and facet_row."""
+
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+    def setup(self) -> None:
+        """Set up test data."""
+        self.da_3d = xr.DataArray(
+            np.random.rand(4, 5, 3),
+            dims=["lat", "lon", "scenario"],
+            coords={"scenario": ["a", "b", "c"]},
+            name="temperature",
+        )
+        self.da_4d = xr.DataArray(
+            np.random.rand(4, 5, 2, 3),
+            dims=["lat", "lon", "scenario", "year"],
+            coords={"scenario": ["low", "high"], "year": [2020, 2021, 2022]},
+            name="temperature",
+        )
+
+    def test_imshow_facet_col(self) -> None:
+        """Test imshow with facet_col creates one subplot per value."""
+        fig = self.da_3d.plotly.imshow()
+        assert len(fig.data) == 3
+        xaxes = [k for k in fig.layout if k.startswith("xaxis")]
+        assert len(xaxes) == 3
+
+    @requires_imshow_facet_row
+    def test_imshow_facet_row_explicit(self) -> None:
+        """Test imshow with explicit facet_row creates one subplot row per value."""
+        fig = self.da_3d.plotly.imshow(facet_col=None, facet_row="scenario")
+        assert len(fig.data) == 3
+        yaxes = [k for k in fig.layout if k.startswith("yaxis")]
+        assert len(yaxes) == 3
+        annotations = {a.text for a in fig.layout.annotations}
+        assert annotations == {"scenario=a", "scenario=b", "scenario=c"}
+
+    @requires_imshow_facet_row
+    def test_imshow_facet_row_auto_4d(self) -> None:
+        """Test that a 4D array auto-assigns facet_col and facet_row."""
+        fig = self.da_4d.plotly.imshow()
+        # 2 facet columns (scenario) x 3 facet rows (year)
+        assert len(fig.data) == 6
+        annotations = {a.text for a in fig.layout.annotations}
+        assert annotations == {
+            "scenario=low",
+            "scenario=high",
+            "year=2020",
+            "year=2021",
+            "year=2022",
+        }
+
+    @requires_imshow_facet_row
+    def test_imshow_facet_grid_consistent_bounds(self) -> None:
+        """Test that facet grid subplots share global color bounds."""
+        da = xr.DataArray(
+            np.arange(24, dtype=float).reshape(2, 2, 2, 3),
+            dims=["y", "x", "scenario", "year"],
+        )
+        fig = da.plotly.imshow()
+        coloraxis = fig.layout.coloraxis
+        assert coloraxis.cmin == 0.0
+        assert coloraxis.cmax == 23.0
+
+    @requires_imshow_facet_row
+    def test_imshow_facet_grid_with_animation(self) -> None:
+        """Test imshow with facet_col, facet_row, and animation_frame together."""
+        da = xr.DataArray(
+            np.random.rand(4, 5, 2, 3, 6),
+            dims=["lat", "lon", "scenario", "year", "time"],
+            name="temperature",
+        )
+        fig = da.plotly.imshow()
+        assert len(fig.data) == 6
+        assert len(fig.frames) == 6
+
+    def test_imshow_facet_row_unsupported_error(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        """Test informative error when plotly is too old for facet_row."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr(plotting, "_imshow_supports_facet_row", lambda: False)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r"facet_row for imshow requires plotly>=6\.7\.0"):
+            self.da_3d.plotly.imshow(facet_col=None, facet_row="scenario")
+
+    def test_imshow_facet_row_none_on_old_plotly(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        """Test that imshow still works on old plotly when facet_row is not used."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr(plotting, "_imshow_supports_facet_row", lambda: False)
+        fig = self.da_3d.plotly.imshow(facet_row=None)
+        assert isinstance(fig, go.Figure)
+
+
 class TestColorsParameter:
     """Tests for the unified colors parameter."""
 

tests/test_common.py

@@ -20,6 +20,22 @@ def test_auto_assignment_imshow(self) -> None:
         slots = assign_slots(["lat", "lon"], "imshow")
         assert slots == {"y": "lat", "x": "lon"}
 
+    def test_auto_assignment_imshow_4d(self) -> None:
+        """Test that the fourth dimension fills facet_row for imshow."""
+        slots = assign_slots(["lat", "lon", "scenario", "year"], "imshow")
+        assert slots == {"y": "lat", "x": "lon", "facet_col": "scenario", "facet_row": "year"}
+
+    def test_auto_assignment_imshow_5d(self) -> None:
+        """Test that the fifth dimension fills animation_frame for imshow."""
+        slots = assign_slots(["lat", "lon", "scenario", "year", "time"], "imshow")
+        assert slots == {
+            "y": "lat",
+            "x": "lon",
+            "facet_col": "scenario",
+            "facet_row": "year",
+            "animation_frame": "time",
+        }
+
     def test_auto_assignment_scatter(self) -> None:
         """Test automatic positional assignment for scatter plots."""
         slots = assign_slots(["x_dim", "color_dim"], "scatter")
@@ -124,5 +140,6 @@ def test_imshow_slot_order(self) -> None:
             "y",
             "x",
             "facet_col",
+            "facet_row",
             "animation_frame",
         )

xarray_plotly/accessor.py

@@ -302,14 +302,15 @@ def imshow(
         x: SlotValue = auto,
         y: SlotValue = auto,
         facet_col: SlotValue = auto,
+        facet_row: SlotValue = auto,
         animation_frame: SlotValue = auto,
         robust: bool = False,
         colors: Colors = None,
         **px_kwargs: Any,
     ) -> go.Figure:
         """Create an interactive heatmap image.
 
-        Slot order: y (rows) -> x (columns) -> facet_col -> animation_frame
+        Slot order: y (rows) -> x (columns) -> facet_col -> facet_row -> animation_frame
 
         Note:
             **Difference from px.imshow**: Color bounds are computed from the
@@ -320,7 +321,9 @@ def imshow(
             x: Dimension for x-axis (columns). Default: second dimension.
             y: Dimension for y-axis (rows). Default: first dimension.
             facet_col: Dimension for subplot columns. Default: third dimension.
-            animation_frame: Dimension for animation. Default: fourth dimension.
+            facet_row: Dimension for subplot rows. Default: fourth dimension.
+                Requires plotly>=6.7.0.
+            animation_frame: Dimension for animation. Default: fifth dimension.
             robust: If True, use 2nd/98th percentiles for color bounds (handles outliers).
             colors: Color scale name (e.g., "Viridis", "RdBu"). See module docs.
             **px_kwargs: Additional arguments passed to `plotly.express.imshow()`.
@@ -334,6 +337,7 @@ def imshow(
             x=x,
             y=y,
             facet_col=facet_col,
+            facet_row=facet_row,
             animation_frame=animation_frame,
             robust=robust,
             colors=colors,

xarray_plotly/config.py

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
         "facet_row",
         "animation_frame",
     ),
-    "imshow": ("y", "x", "facet_col", "animation_frame"),
+    "imshow": ("y", "x", "facet_col", "facet_row", "animation_frame"),
     "box": ("x", "color", "facet_col", "facet_row", "animation_frame"),
     "pie": ("names", "facet_col", "facet_row"),
 }

xarray_plotly/plotting.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import inspect
 import warnings
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
@@ -614,12 +615,21 @@ def scatter(
     )
 
 
+def _imshow_supports_facet_row() -> bool:
+    """Check whether the installed plotly version supports facet_row in px.imshow.
+
+    Support was added in plotly 6.7.0.
+    """
+    return "facet_row" in inspect.signature(px.imshow).parameters
+
+
 def imshow(
     darray: DataArray,
     *,
     x: SlotValue = auto,
     y: SlotValue = auto,
     facet_col: SlotValue = auto,
+    facet_row: SlotValue = auto,
     animation_frame: SlotValue = auto,
     robust: bool = False,
     colors: Colors = None,
@@ -629,7 +639,7 @@ def imshow(
     Create an interactive heatmap from a DataArray.
 
     Both x and y are dimensions. Dimensions fill slots in order:
-    y (rows) -> x (columns) -> facet_col -> animation_frame
+    y (rows) -> x (columns) -> facet_col -> facet_row -> animation_frame
 
     .. note::
         **Difference from plotly.express.imshow**: By default, color bounds
@@ -649,8 +659,12 @@ def imshow(
         Dimension for y-axis (rows). Default: first dimension.
     facet_col
         Dimension for subplot columns. Default: third dimension.
+    facet_row
+        Dimension for subplot rows. Default: fourth dimension.
+        Requires plotly>=6.7.0. Note: ``facet_col_wrap`` is ignored by
+        plotly when ``facet_row`` is set.
     animation_frame
-        Dimension for animation. Default: fourth dimension.
+        Dimension for animation. Default: fifth dimension.
     robust
         If True, compute color bounds using 2nd and 98th percentiles
         for robustness against outliers. Default: False (uses min/max).
@@ -674,12 +688,29 @@ def imshow(
         y=y,
         x=x,
         facet_col=facet_col,
+        facet_row=facet_row,
         animation_frame=animation_frame,
     )
 
-    # Transpose to: y (rows), x (cols), facet_col, animation_frame
+    facet_row_kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    if slots.get("facet_row") is not None:
+        if not _imshow_supports_facet_row():
+            import plotly
+
+            msg = (
+                f"facet_row for imshow requires plotly>=6.7.0 "
+                f"(installed: {plotly.__version__}). "
+                "Upgrade plotly, or pass facet_row=None and use "
+                "facet_col/animation_frame instead."
+            )
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+        facet_row_kwargs["facet_row"] = slots["facet_row"]
+
+    # Transpose to: y (rows), x (cols), facet_col, facet_row, animation_frame
     transpose_order = [
-        slots[k] for k in ("y", "x", "facet_col", "animation_frame") if slots.get(k) is not None
+        slots[k]
+        for k in ("y", "x", "facet_col", "facet_row", "animation_frame")
+        if slots.get(k) is not None
     ]
     plot_data = darray.transpose(*transpose_order) if transpose_order else darray
 
@@ -701,6 +732,7 @@ def imshow(
         plot_data,
         facet_col=slots.get("facet_col"),
         animation_frame=slots.get("animation_frame"),
+        **facet_row_kwargs,
         **px_kwargs,
     )