Vim_notes.txt

VIM NOTES - James Lavin - 8 Nov 2013
  (Hugely influence by Drew Neil's vimcasts.org)

<leader>                 \ (by default)
vimtutor (from cmd line) launch vimtutor

NORMAL MODE
.                        repeat last command
u                        undo
>>                       indent current line
5>>                      indent next 5 lines
3<<                      outdent next 3 lines
==                       auto-indent current line
6==                      auto-indent next 6 lines
>{motion}                auto-format based on motion
=G                       auto-format from current to end of file
vi}                      visual mode select inside {}
=i}                      auto-indent inside {}
gg                       goto top of file
G                        goto bottom of file
:13 (or 13G)             goto line 13
i                        insert before cursor
a                        append after cursor
A (or $a)                switch to inset mode and jump to end of line
W                        jump to next word
c{motion}                d{motion}i
  c3l                      d3li
C (or d$a)               delete to end of line, then insert mode
d0                       delete to beginning of line
d$                       delete to end of line
s (or xi)                delete character, then insert mode
S (or ^C)                delete line, then insert mode
I (or ^i)                insert at beginning of line
o (or $a<CR>)            add line below, then insert mode
V                        visual line mode and select line
Vip                      visual line mode and select paragraph
vit                      visual character mode and select HTML tag
v$h                      visual character mode, go to end of line, then move back one character
f[char]                  move forward to first character 'char'
*                        search forwards for next word under cursor
#                        search backwards to previous word under cursor
/regex                   search forwards for /regex/
  n                        jump to next match
?regex                   search backwards for /regex/
  n                        jump to next match
<Ctrl>r                  last search pattern
%                        jump to matching {, }, (, ), <, >, etc.
gv                       reselect last visual selection
p                        paste after current character/line (depending on default register contents)
P                        paste before current character/line (depending on default register contents)
xp                       exchange characters
                           x deletes & puts char into default register
                           p pastes default register contents after current character
ddp                      exchange lines
                           dd deletes line & puts into default register
                           p pastes default register contents after current line
yyp                      duplicate line
                           yy copies line into default register
yiw                      copy current word into default register
viw                      select current word
viwp                     select current word, paste from default register, and store deleted in default register
v^h                      select leading whitespace characters
ciw                      copy current word into default register, delete it from document & switch to insert mode
v3e                      select from current cursor till end of 3rd word and switch to insert mode
VG                       visual select all lines
diw                      delete current word & paste into default register
:                        switch to command mode

COMMANDLINE MODE
:source $MYVIMRC         reload .vimrc
:e $MYVIMRC              edit .vimrc: 
:h :vimgrep
:vimgrep /\v`[^`]*`/g %  search for matches in current file and place them in quickfix list
  :cnext                   jump to next match
  :cprev                   jump to previous match
:vim /word/g *.rb        search *.rb files for /word/
:vim /word/g `find ...`  search specified files for /word/
:vim /word/g ##          search arglist for /word/
:vim /<Ctrl>r//g ##      search arglist for most recent search pattern
:%s/\a/*/g               substitute on all lines
:r [filename]            read file and insert contents in current cursor position
:9yank                   yank line 9 without moving cursor
:9t16 (:9copy16)         yank line 9 and copy to line 16
:9t. (:9copy.)           yank line 9 and copy to current line
:t7                      yank current line, paste below line 7, move cursor
:-3t.                    yank line 3 above, paste below current line, move cursor
:+4t.                    yank line 4 below, paste below current line, move cursor
:5,11t.                  yank lines 5-11, paste below current line, move cursor
%                        current file's path
<Ctrl>p                  go backwards through history
<Ctrl>n                  go forwards through history
<Ctrl>f                  switch to commandline window
                           it's a regular Vim buffer, so regular commands work

INSERT MODE
ctrl-v u00ac             insert character ¬
ctrl-v u25b8             insert character ▸
ctrl-v ctrl-i            insert tab
<Ctrl-R>"                paste contents of default register
<Ctrl-R>a                paste contents of register a
<Ctrl-R>0                paste contents of yank register
<Ctrl-R><Ctrl-O>"        paste contents of default register literally
<Ctrl-R>=                switch to expression register (which evaluates VimScript)

REGISTERS
"ayy                     yank line into register a
"Ayy                     yank line and append to register a
:yank a                  yank line into register a
:yank A                  yank line and append to register a
"ade                     delete and store in register a
""p                      paste contents of default register after current character/line
"0p                      paste contents of the yank register after current character/line
"ap                      paste contents of register a after current character/line
"/p                      paste contents of last search register after current character/line
"0P                      paste contents of the yank register before current character/line
"aP                      paste contents of register a before current character/line
"_diw                    delete word without touching the default register
"ayiw                    yank current word into register a
"aP                      paste contents of register a before current character/line
qaq                      clear contents of register a
:reg "                   display contents of default register
:reg 0                   display contents of yank register (i.e., the last content yanked)
:reg "0                  display contents of default & yank registers
:reg :                   display contents of : register holding most recent ex command
:reg "_                  display contents of the black hole register (like /dev/null)
:global/TODO/yank A      yank all lines with /TODO/ into register a
                           by finding all lines with /TODO/ and running 'yank A' on each

TAGS
:tnext                   go to next tag
:tprev                   go to prev tag

ARG LIST/BUFFER LIST
http://vimcasts.org/episodes/populating-the-arglist/
:h :args_f
:h {arglist}
:h wildcards
:args                    show the contents of the arglist
:args {arglist}          set the content of the arglist
  :args `find ...`
  :args file1 file2
  :args *.rb
:argdo {cmd}             execute cmd on all files in arglist
                           Works best with 'hidden' setting enabled
:argdo %s/\a/*/ge        substitute on all files in {arglist} (e suppresses errors)
:silent argdo %s/\a/*/ge substitute on all files and suppress output
:silent! argdo {cmd}     suppress all output, including error messages
:argdo <Ctrl>r:          pastes the ": register (holding content of last ex command)
:bufdo {cmd}             execute cmd on all files in buffer list

OTHER PLUGINS
:HTML2slim               convert .html/.erb to .slim
<C-w><C-d>               jump to Cucumber step definition

HELP/DOCUMENTATION
:h quickref
:h ag
:h airline
:h ctrlp
:h fugitive
:h nerd
:h obsession
:h ruby
:h rails                 vim-rails help
:h autocmd
:h vimmodes
:h _____                 Help
:h .
:h ctrl-r
:h :yank
:h i_ctrl-r              (i stands for "insert mode")
:h i_ctrl-r_ctrl-o
:h quote=
:h registers
:h changelist
:h :normal
ctrl-]                   (in Vim documentation) follow link under cursor

FILES & DIRS
:w                       save file changes
:e                       revert to latest saved version of current file
:e [filename]            edit file (use <tab> for tab completion)
:e [dirname]             view dir's files in file explorer
:e $VIMRUNTIME/indent    view indentation files directory
                           Override with files in ~/.vim/indent
:e!                      restore original file
:q!                      force-quit Vim, tossing all modified buffers
gf                       goto file
<Leader>f                goto file in vertical split

BUFFERS
:ls                      show buffer list
:bn                      open next buffer in current window (cycles from end of list to beginning)
:bp                      open previous buffer in current window (cycles from start of list to end)
CTRL-^                   switch to the alternate file
:bd!                     forcibly remove buffer from buffer list, discarding changes

WINDOWS
<Leader>e                equal-sized windows (for current tab)
<C-w>s                   split current window horizontally, loading the same file in new window
<C-w>v                   split current window vertically, loading the same file in new window
:sp[lit] filename        split current window horizontally, loading filename in new window
:vsp[lit] filename       split current window vertically, loading filename in new window
<C-w><C-d>               jump to Cucumber step definition
<C-w>w                   cycle among open windows
<C-w>h                   focus on window to the left
<C-w>j                   focus on window below
<C-w>k                   focus on window above
<C-w>l                   focus on window to the right
<C-w>+                   increase height of current window by 1 line
<C-w>-                   decrease height of currentlyent window by 1 line
<C-w>_                   maximize height of current window
<C-w>|                   maximize width of current window
<C-w>r                   rotate all windows
<C-w>x                   exchange current window with its neighbor
<C-w>H                   move current window to far left
<C-w>J                   move current window to bottom
<C-w>K                   move current window to top
<C-w>L                   move current window to far right
:q                       close currently active window
:on[ly]                  close all windows except currently active window
:windo wincmd H          switch all windows to vertical splits

TABS
:tabe[dit] filename      open filename in a new tab
:pwd                     print working directory contents
:cd                      change current tab's working directory
:cd %:h                  change current working directory to that of file being edited
ctrl-W T                 move current split window into its own tab
:q                       close window, closing tab if it contains a single window
:tabc[lose]              close current tab page and all its windows
:tabo[nly]               close all tabs apart from current one
gt                       move to next tab
gT                       move to previous tab
#gt                      move to tab number #
:tabmove                 move current tab to the end
:tabmove 0               move current tab to the beginning
:tabmove 1               move current tab to become the 2nd tab
:Btabedit [gem-name]     bundle open gem in new tab

VISUAL MODE
>                        indent selected lines
<                        outdent selected lines
=                        auto-indent selected lines
<Ctrl>v                  switch to visual mode
:s/x/y/g                 search (for 'x') and replace (with 'y') across selected lines
:s/\%Vx/y/g              search (for 'x') and replace (with 'y') across selected block
$                        select to the end (of all lines, not just current line)
r                        replace every selected character with the next character you type
c                        change selection (delete and switch to insert mode)
c[changes]<ESC>          change all selections
I                        insert before cursor
A                        append after cursor
r                        replace every character in selection
d                        delete selection
.                        repeat last visual mode command
p                        paste last column yanked or deleted
o                        toggle cursor to opposite corner of selected region
ggVG                     select entire file

MARKS
:h m
ma                       mark location as a
'a                       jump to marked location a

CHANGELIST
:help changelist
:help :changes
:changes                 display changelist
g;                       move backwards through changelist
g,                       move forwards through changelist

JUMPLIST
:help jumplist
:help jump-motions
:help :jumps
:jumps                   display jumplist
<Ctrl>O                  move backwards through jumplist
<Ctrl>I                  move forwards through jumplist

MACROS
:h q
qa[keystrokes]q          record macro in register a
@a                       replay macro in register a
@@                       replay last played macro
5@a                      replay macro in register a 5 times
search with /, then @a, then n, then @@, then n, etc.

FILE EXPLORER (netrw)
Just another Vim buffer, so normal editing commands work
:h netrw
:h :edit
:h :Explore
:e. (:edit .)            open file explorer at current working directory
:sp. (:split .)          open file explorer in split window at current working directory
:vs. (:vsplit .)         open file explorer in vertical split window at current working directory
:E (:Explore)            open file explorer at directory of last file opened in window
:Se (:Sexplore)          open file explorer in split at directory of current file
:Ve (:Vexplore)          open file explorer in verticalcal split at directory of current file
<CR>                     goto file/directory under cursor
% ________               create a new file in current directory
d                        create a new directory under current directory
R                        rename file/directory under cursor
D                        delete file/directory under cursor
<Shift-r>                to rename/move file

VIMDIFF MODE (FUGITIVE.VIM)
http://vimcasts.org/episodes/fugitive-vim---a-complement-to-command-line-git/
http://vimcasts.org/episodes/fugitive-vim-working-with-the-git-index/
http://vimcasts.org/episodes/fugitive-vim-resolving-merge-conflicts-with-vimdiff/
http://vimcasts.org/episodes/fugitive-vim-browsing-the-git-object-database/
http://vimcasts.org/episodes/fugitive-vim-exploring-the-history-of-a-git-repository/
:h :Git
:h :Gwrite, :Gread, :Gblame, :Glog, :Ggrep, etc.
:h :diffget / :h do
:h :diffput / :h dp
:Gwrite (:Git add %)     stage current file to the index
:Gread (:Git checkout %) revert current file to last checked-in version
:Gremove (:Git rm %)     delete the current file and the corresponding Vim buffer
:Gmove (:Git mv %)       rename the current file and the corresponding Vim buffers
:Gedit :path/to/file     open index version of current file
:Gedit :0                  (same)
:Gedit branch:%.         open branch's version of current file
:Gedit SHA               open interactive textual representation of git object (blog, tree, commit, tag)
  <ENTER>                  open commit object/tree or diff of file before/after commit
  C                        (on tree or blob) jump to commit object
  a                        (on tree object) toggle between 'git show' and 'git ls-tree' views
  :e %:h                   open parent tree
:Gcommit                 open commit window (with auto-completion) in split window
:Gblame                  open vertical split with Git blame contents
:Gbrowse                 open Github page for current Git object
:Gstatus                 'git status' in interactive window
  <Ctrl>n                  move down to next file
  <Ctrl>p                  move up to previous file
  -                        'git add' unstaged file to index
  -                        'git reset' staged file to remove from index
  [select files]-          'git add/reset' visually selected files
  p                        'git add --patch' selected file
  <Enter>                  open selected file in separate window
  C                        commit changes
:Git add .               stage all unstaged files
:Gdiff                   compares index copy & working copy
  |   index copy    |   working copy    |
  :Gwrite (working copy)   stage changes
  :Gread (index copy)      stage changes
  :Gwrite (index copy)     revert changes
  :Gread (working copy)    revert changes
  do (:diffget)          diff obtain == get buffer contents from other buffer
  dp (:diffput)          push buffer contents to other buffer
:diffupdate              refresh diff highlighting
:Gdiff (on conflicted file)
  |  target (HEAD) branch   |   working copy   |    merge branch   |
  |      bufspec: //2       |                  |    bufspec: //3   |
  |           2             |        1         |          3        |
  |       :diffput 1        |   :diffget 2     |                   |
  |                         |   :diffget 3     |    :diffput 1     |
  dp                     push buffer contents to working copy
  :Gwrite!               overwrite working tree and index with active file
[close windows]          exit vimdiff mode
:Glog                    load all previous revisions of current file into quickfix list
:Glog -10                load last 10 previous revisions of current file into quickfix list
:Glog -10 --reverse      load first 10 revisions of thee current file into the quickfix list (in reverse chronological order)
:Glog -1 --until=yesterday load last version of current file that was checked in before last midnight
:Glog -1 --since=yesterday load last version of current file that was checked in since last midnight
  :cnext                   go to next (oldest) version of file
  :cprev                   go to previous (less old) version of file
  :Gedit                   open latest version of file
:!cd ____                change directory (for shell)
:!pwd                    print working directory contents (for shell)
:nnoremap Q [VimScript expression]  creates alias/shortcut 'Q'
:'<,'>normal Q           apply Q to each selected line
:Glog --                 put list of ancestral commits into quickfix list
:Glog -- %               put list of ancestral commits that touch current file into quickfix list
:Ggrep 'find me'         place 'git grep' search results in quickfix list
:Ggrep --cached 'find me'place 'git grep' search results on index in quickfix list
:Ggrep 'find me' branch  place 'git grep' search results on specified branch into quickfix list
:Ggrep 'find me' SHA/tag place 'git grep' search results on specified SHA/tag into quickfix list
:Glog --grep=page        place 'git log' search results matching 'page' into quickfix list
:Glog --grep=page --     place 'git log' search results in ancestral commits into quickfix list
:Glog --grep=page -- %   place 'git log' search results in ancestral commits that touch current file into quickfix list
:Glog -Spage             place all commits that add or remove 'page' into quickfix list (git log -Spaginate)
:Glog -Spage --          place all ancestral commits that add or remove 'page' into quickfix list (git log -Spaginate)
:Glog -Spage -- %        place all ancestral commits that touch current file & add/remove 'page' into quickfix list (git log -Spaginate)

QUICKFIX LIST
:h quickfix
:copen                   open quickfix list window
populate quickfix list and do search-and-replace over it:
  :args *.txt
  :vimgrep /Vimcasts\.\zscom/g ##
  :cdo %s/Vimcasts\.\zscom/org/ge
  :cdo update

CUCUMBER
[<C-d>                   jump to step definition (in current buffer)
<C-W>d / <C-w><C-d>      jump to step definition in new split

UNIMPAIRED.VIM
[q                       :cprev
]q                       :cnext
[Q                       :cfirst
]Q                       :clast

VIM-RUBY-REFACTORING

Normal mode:
  <leader>rap            add parameter
  <leader>rcpc           convert post-conditional
  <leader>rel            extract let
  <leader>rit            inline temp

Visual mode:
  <leader>rec            extract constant
  <leader>relv           extract local variable
  <leader>rrlv           rename local variable
  <leader>rriv           rename instance variable
  <leader>rem            extract method

STARTING VIM
vim -o [list of files]   open files in horizontal split

SETTINGS
:set (no)list            (no) display hidden characters (short for 'listchars')
:set list!               toggle between list/nolist (short for 'listchars')
:set (no)number          turn on (off) line numbers
:se nonu!                toggle between number/nonumber
:set hidden

.VIMRC
let mapleader=','
map <leader>ew :e <C-R>=expand("%:p:h") . "/" <CR>
nmap <leader>l :set list!<CR>  (in .vimrc) sets <leader>l to toggle list
command! -nargs=* Wrap set wrap linebreak nolist

bundle show --paths
ag 'def semantic_errors' $(bundle show --paths)

TMUX
tmux ls                  list tmux sessions
tmux a -t [name]         attach to session [name]
<prefix>0/1/2/etc        jump to window n
<prefix>?                help
<prefix>,                rename window
<prefix>$                rename session
<prefix>:                command prompt
<prefix>[                enter copy mode
<prefix>c                create new window
<prefix>d                detach from tmux
<prefix>l                jump to last window
<prefix>L                jump to last session
<prefix>n/p              jump to prev/next window
<prefix>s                list tmux sessions (choose-tree)
  <space>                  see windows
  <enter>                  select
<prefix>w                list tmux windows (choose-window)