diff --git a/packages/angular/src/library/abstract-control.ts b/packages/angular/src/library/abstract-control.ts
index 08f2b806c..a44ba186b 100644
--- a/packages/angular/src/library/abstract-control.ts
+++ b/packages/angular/src/library/abstract-control.ts
@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ import {
   Actions,
   computeLabel,
   ControlElement,
+  Id,
   JsonFormsState,
   JsonSchema,
   OwnPropsOfControl,
-  removeId,
   StatePropsOfControl,
 } from '@jsonforms/core';
 import { Component, inject, Input, OnDestroy, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ export abstract class JsonFormsAbstractControl<
 
   ngOnDestroy() {
     super.ngOnDestroy();
-    removeId(this.id);
+    Id.removeId(this.id);
   }
 
   isEnabled(): boolean {
diff --git a/packages/angular/src/library/jsonforms.component.ts b/packages/angular/src/library/jsonforms.component.ts
index 749d8bd26..e8fec800e 100644
--- a/packages/angular/src/library/jsonforms.component.ts
+++ b/packages/angular/src/library/jsonforms.component.ts
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ import {
   ViewContainerRef,
 } from '@angular/core';
 import {
-  createId,
+  Id,
   isControl,
   getConfig,
   JsonFormsProps,
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ export class JsonFormsOutlet
         const controlInstance = instance as JsonFormsControl;
         if (controlInstance.id === undefined) {
           const id = isControl(props.uischema)
-            ? createId(props.uischema.scope)
+            ? Id.createId(props.uischema.scope)
             : undefined;
           (instance as JsonFormsControl).id = id;
         }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/util/ids.ts b/packages/core/src/util/ids.ts
index 4914754f4..a5b5bbd3f 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/util/ids.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/util/ids.ts
@@ -23,30 +23,91 @@
   THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 
-const usedIds: Set<string> = new Set<string>();
+interface PrefixState {
+  used: Set<number>;
+  next: number;
+}
+
+const idSlots = new Map<string, { prefix: string; index: number }>();
+const prefixStates = new Map<string, PrefixState>();
 
 const makeId = (idBase: string, iteration: number) =>
   iteration <= 1 ? idBase : idBase + iteration.toString();
 
-const isUniqueId = (idBase: string, iteration: number) => {
-  const newID = makeId(idBase, iteration);
-  return !usedIds.has(newID);
-};
-
 export const createId = (proposedId: string) => {
   if (proposedId === undefined) {
     // failsafe to avoid endless loops in error cases
     proposedId = 'undefined';
   }
-  let tries = 0;
-  while (!isUniqueId(proposedId, tries)) {
+  let state = prefixStates.get(proposedId);
+  if (state === undefined) {
+    state = { used: new Set<number>(), next: 0 };
+    prefixStates.set(proposedId, state);
+  }
+  // Start from the smallest index that hasn't been allocated for this prefix.
+  // Holes left by removeId reset `next`, so released ids are reused.
+  let tries = state.next;
+  while (state.used.has(tries) || idSlots.has(makeId(proposedId, tries))) {
     tries++;
   }
-  const newID = makeId(proposedId, tries);
-  usedIds.add(newID);
-  return newID;
+  const newId = makeId(proposedId, tries);
+  state.used.add(tries);
+  state.next = tries + 1;
+  idSlots.set(newId, { prefix: proposedId, index: tries });
+  return newId;
+};
+
+export const removeId = (id: string) => {
+  const slot = idSlots.get(id);
+  if (slot === undefined) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  idSlots.delete(id);
+  const state = prefixStates.get(slot.prefix);
+  if (state !== undefined) {
+    state.used.delete(slot.index);
+    if (slot.index < state.next) {
+      state.next = slot.index;
+    }
+    if (state.used.size === 0) {
+      prefixStates.delete(slot.prefix);
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
 };
 
-export const removeId = (id: string) => usedIds.delete(id);
+export const clearAllIds = () => {
+  idSlots.clear();
+  prefixStates.clear();
+};
 
-export const clearAllIds = () => usedIds.clear();
+/**
+ * Mutable registry of the ID generation functions used internally by JSON Forms.
+ *
+ * Adopters can override one or more of these methods to provide a custom HTML
+ * ID strategy (e.g. for performance reasons or to integrate with an existing
+ * scheme). Reassigning the methods only affects callers that go through this
+ * object; the standalone `createId`, `removeId` and `clearAllIds` exports
+ * always invoke the default implementations.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * import { Id } from '@jsonforms/core';
+ *
+ * let next = 0;
+ * Id.createId = () => `jf-${next++}`;
+ * Id.removeId = () => true;
+ * Id.clearAllIds = () => {
+ *   next = 0;
+ * };
+ * ```
+ */
+export const Id: {
+  createId: (proposedId: string) => string;
+  removeId: (id: string) => boolean;
+  clearAllIds: () => void;
+} = {
+  createId,
+  removeId,
+  clearAllIds,
+};
diff --git a/packages/core/test/util/ids.test.ts b/packages/core/test/util/ids.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..34539f069
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/test/util/ids.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+/*
+  The MIT License
+
+  Copyright (c) 2017-2019 EclipseSource Munich
+  https://github.com/eclipsesource/jsonforms
+
+  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+  THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+import test from 'ava';
+import { clearAllIds, createId, Id, removeId } from '../../src/util/ids';
+
+test.beforeEach(() => {
+  clearAllIds();
+});
+
+test.serial('returns the proposed id when not yet taken', (t) => {
+  t.is(createId('foo'), 'foo');
+});
+
+test.serial(
+  'appends a suffix starting at 2 on subsequent calls with the same id',
+  (t) => {
+    t.is(createId('name'), 'name');
+    t.is(createId('name'), 'name2');
+    t.is(createId('name'), 'name3');
+  }
+);
+
+test.serial(
+  'avoids collisions across prefixes that would otherwise share an id',
+  (t) => {
+    t.is(createId('name'), 'name');
+    t.is(createId('name'), 'name2');
+    // proposed id 'name2' must not clash with the previously generated 'name2'
+    t.is(createId('name2'), 'name22');
+  }
+);
+
+test.serial('reuses ids that have been released via removeId', (t) => {
+  const a = createId('item');
+  const b = createId('item');
+  const c = createId('item');
+  t.deepEqual([a, b, c], ['item', 'item2', 'item3']);
+  removeId(b);
+  t.is(createId('item'), 'item2');
+});
+
+test.serial('removeId reports whether the id was tracked', (t) => {
+  createId('foo');
+  t.true(removeId('foo'));
+  t.false(removeId('foo'));
+  t.false(removeId('unknown'));
+});
+
+test.serial('clearAllIds resets the generator state', (t) => {
+  createId('item');
+  createId('item');
+  clearAllIds();
+  t.is(createId('item'), 'item');
+});
+
+test.serial(
+  "falls back to 'undefined' when the proposed id is undefined",
+  (t) => {
+    t.is(createId(undefined as unknown as string), 'undefined');
+    t.is(createId(undefined as unknown as string), 'undefined2');
+  }
+);
+
+test.serial(
+  'Id object exposes the same functions as the standalone exports',
+  (t) => {
+    t.is(Id.createId, createId);
+    t.is(Id.removeId, removeId);
+    t.is(Id.clearAllIds, clearAllIds);
+  }
+);
+
+test.serial(
+  'Id object routes through whatever methods are currently set',
+  (t) => {
+    const original = Id.createId;
+    let calls = 0;
+    Id.createId = (proposed) => {
+      calls++;
+      return `custom-${proposed}`;
+    };
+    try {
+      t.is(Id.createId('foo'), 'custom-foo');
+      t.is(calls, 1);
+    } finally {
+      Id.createId = original;
+    }
+  }
+);
diff --git a/packages/material-renderers/src/layouts/ExpandPanelRenderer.tsx b/packages/material-renderers/src/layouts/ExpandPanelRenderer.tsx
index 53d528dc2..7314f3565 100644
--- a/packages/material-renderers/src/layouts/ExpandPanelRenderer.tsx
+++ b/packages/material-renderers/src/layouts/ExpandPanelRenderer.tsx
@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@ import {
   update,
   JsonFormsCellRendererRegistryEntry,
   JsonFormsUISchemaRegistryEntry,
-  createId,
-  removeId,
+  Id,
   ArrayTranslations,
   computeChildLabel,
   UpdateArrayContext,
@@ -90,11 +89,11 @@ export interface ExpandPanelProps
     DispatchPropsOfExpandPanel {}
 
 const ExpandPanelRendererComponent = (props: ExpandPanelProps) => {
-  const [labelHtmlId] = useState<string>(createId('expand-panel'));
+  const [labelHtmlId] = useState<string>(Id.createId('expand-panel'));
 
   useEffect(() => {
     return () => {
-      removeId(labelHtmlId);
+      Id.removeId(labelHtmlId);
     };
   }, [labelHtmlId]);
 
diff --git a/packages/react/src/JsonForms.tsx b/packages/react/src/JsonForms.tsx
index 38ed5514d..3538de0af 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/JsonForms.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/JsonForms.tsx
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ import type Ajv from 'ajv';
 import type { ErrorObject } from 'ajv';
 import { UnknownRenderer } from './UnknownRenderer';
 import {
-  createId,
   Generate,
+  Id,
   isControl,
   JsonFormsCellRendererRegistryEntry,
   JsonFormsCore,
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ import {
   JsonSchema,
   Middleware,
   OwnPropsOfJsonFormsRenderer,
-  removeId,
   UISchemaElement,
   ValidationMode,
 } from '@jsonforms/core';
@@ -66,23 +65,23 @@ export class JsonFormsDispatchRenderer extends React.Component<
     super(props);
     this.state = {
       id: isControl(props.uischema)
-        ? createId(props.uischema.scope)
+        ? Id.createId(props.uischema.scope)
         : undefined,
     };
   }
 
   componentWillUnmount() {
     if (isControl(this.props.uischema)) {
-      removeId(this.state.id);
+      Id.removeId(this.state.id);
     }
   }
 
   componentDidUpdate(prevProps: JsonFormsProps) {
     if (prevProps.schema !== this.props.schema) {
-      removeId(this.state.id);
+      Id.removeId(this.state.id);
       this.setState({
         id: isControl(this.props.uischema)
-          ? createId(this.props.uischema.scope)
+          ? Id.createId(this.props.uischema.scope)
           : undefined,
       });
     }
diff --git a/packages/vue/src/jsonFormsCompositions.ts b/packages/vue/src/jsonFormsCompositions.ts
index fb519e6f1..26fe43b5c 100644
--- a/packages/vue/src/jsonFormsCompositions.ts
+++ b/packages/vue/src/jsonFormsCompositions.ts
@@ -29,8 +29,7 @@ import {
   mapStateToDispatchCellProps,
   mapStateToOneOfEnumCellProps,
   StatePropsOfJsonFormsRenderer,
-  createId,
-  removeId,
+  Id,
   mapStateToMultiEnumControlProps,
   mapDispatchToMultiEnumProps,
   mapStateToLabelProps,
@@ -203,7 +202,7 @@ export function useControl<
 
   onBeforeMount(() => {
     if (control.value.uischema.scope) {
-      id.value = createId(control.value.uischema.scope);
+      id.value = Id.createId(control.value.uischema.scope);
     }
   });
 
@@ -212,16 +211,16 @@ export function useControl<
     (newSchema, prevSchem) => {
       if (newSchema !== prevSchem && isControl(control.value.uischema)) {
         if (id.value) {
-          removeId(id.value);
+          Id.removeId(id.value);
         }
-        id.value = createId(control.value.uischema.scope);
+        id.value = Id.createId(control.value.uischema.scope);
       }
     }
   );
 
   onUnmounted(() => {
     if (id.value) {
-      removeId(id.value);
+      Id.removeId(id.value);
       id.value = undefined;
     }
   });