|
1 | | -# TEP-SLR: Satellite Laser Ranging |
| 1 | +# Global Time Echoes: Optical Validation of the Temporal Equivalence Principle via Satellite Laser Ranging |
2 | 2 |
|
3 | | - |
| 3 | +[](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18064582) |
4 | 4 |
|
5 | | -This repository is the working home for the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) paper in the Temporal Equivalence Principle (TEP) research program. |
| 5 | + |
6 | 6 |
|
7 | | -> Temporal Equivalence Principle: Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) \ |
8 | | -> TEP-SLR Paper | v0.1 (Ankara) | DOI: TBD |
| 7 | +**Author:** Matthew Lukin Smawfield |
| 8 | +**Version:** v0.1 (Mombasa) |
| 9 | +**Date:** 30 December 2025 |
| 10 | +**DOI:** [10.5281/zenodo.18064582](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18064582) |
| 11 | +**Website:** [https://matthewsmawfield.github.io/TEP-SLR/](https://matthewsmawfield.github.io/TEP-SLR/) |
9 | 12 |
|
10 | | -Canonical Site: https://mlsmawfield.com/tep/slr/ |
| 13 | +## Abstract |
11 | 14 |
|
12 | | -GitHub Pages (mirror): https://matthewsmawfield.github.io/TEP-SLR/ |
| 15 | +Independent optical-domain validation of the Temporal Equivalence Principle (TEP) is presented using 11 years (2015–2025) of Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) data from passive ILRS geodetic satellites (LAGEOS-1/2 and Etalon-1/2). This analysis strongly disfavors the clock artifact hypothesis by employing two-way optical ranging to passive retroreflectors—orthogonal to GNSS microwave measurements of active atomic clocks. Analysis of 192,561 high-precision residuals (|Δρ|<0.5 m) reveals three signatures consistent with TEP's conformal sector: (1) **Path-length dependence**—a gap-aware, 5-minute-binned lag-1 residual statistic differs substantially between short-path and long-path geometry, with a low/high-range ratio of 6.58; (2) **Spectral concentration**—station-averaged power in the predicted TEP band (10–500 μHz) exceeds the full-spectrum mean by 2.48× (95% CI: 2.46–2.50) and exceeds the broadband floor (f>1 mHz) by 14.00× (95% CI: 13.53–14.47), confirming structured low-frequency coupling; (3) **Frequency independence**—optical (SLR) and microwave (GNSS) phenomenology remain consistent under the achromatic conformal coupling hypothesis. |
13 | 16 |
|
14 | | -**The TEP Research Program:** |
15 | | -1. [**TEP Theory**](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16921911) (Foundational framework) |
16 | | -2. **TEP-SLR** (This work - Satellite Laser Ranging) |
| 17 | +The detection of matching low-frequency structure in a system with no active clocks, no microwave propagation, and purely optical two-way ranging renders receiver electronics, clock steering, and ionospheric modeling errors highly improbable as alternative explanations. This work establishes SLR as an independent validation of conformal TEP phenomenology. |
17 | 18 |
|
18 | | -When using this work, please cite the paper and theoretical framework listed below. |
| 19 | +## Key Findings |
19 | 20 |
|
20 | | -## Theoretical Framework |
| 21 | +- **Range-Dependent Coherence:** Path-length dependence with 6.58× ratio between low and high elevation (qualitatively robust, quantitatively estimator-sensitive) |
| 22 | +- **Spectral Concentration (TEP Band):** 2.48× vs full-spectrum mean (95% CI: 2.46–2.50), 14.00× vs broadband floor (95% CI: 13.53–14.47) |
| 23 | +- **Methodology Independence:** Confirms the signal exists in two-way optical ranging, ruling out GNSS-specific processing artifacts |
21 | 24 |
|
22 | | -This work builds on the Temporal Equivalence Principle (TEP), which proposes: |
23 | | -- Gravity is geometry; time is a dynamical field. |
24 | | -- The decomposition of proper time accumulation into "mass" and "time dilation" is gauge-dependent. |
25 | | -- Sector decoupling: The conformal sector (clock rates) is unconstrained by GW170817, while the disformal sector (speed of transmission) is tightly bound. |
26 | | -- Vainshtein screening: The "Screening Cliff" objection is addressed; the mechanism is shown to be over-efficient rather than fine-tuned. |
| 25 | +## The TEP Research Program |
27 | 26 |
|
28 | | -**TEP Theory Reference:** |
29 | | -> Smawfield, M. L. (2025). *Temporal Equivalence Principle: Dynamic Time & Emergent Light Speed (v0.6 (Jakarta))*. Zenodo. DOI: [10.5281/zenodo.16921911](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16921911) |
| 27 | +| Paper | Repository | Title | DOI | |
| 28 | +|-------|-----------|-------|-----| |
| 29 | +| **Paper 0** | [TEP](https://github.com/matthewsmawfield/TEP) | Temporal Equivalence Principle: Theory | [10.5281/zenodo.16921911](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16921911) | |
| 30 | +| **Paper 5** | **TEP-SLR** (This repo) | SLR Validation | [10.5281/zenodo.18064582](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18064582) | |
30 | 31 |
|
31 | | -## File Structure |
| 32 | +## Repository Structure |
32 | 33 |
|
33 | 34 | ``` |
34 | 35 | TEP-SLR/ |
35 | 36 | ├── scripts/ |
36 | | -│ ├── steps/ # Analysis pipeline |
37 | | -│ └── utils/ # Shared utilities |
38 | | -├── site/ # Academic manuscript site |
39 | | -│ ├── components/ # HTML section files |
40 | | -│ ├── public/ # Static assets |
41 | | -│ └── dist/ # Built site output |
42 | | -├── docs/ # PDF versions |
| 37 | +│ ├── steps/ # Core analysis pipeline |
| 38 | +│ │ ├── step_1_0...py # CDDIS Data Downloader |
| 39 | +│ │ ├── step_2_1...py # Residual Calculation |
| 40 | +│ │ ├── step_2_3...py # MWPC Analysis (Main) |
| 41 | +│ │ ├── step_2_4...py # Plotting |
| 42 | +│ │ └── step_3_0_sim_antiecho.py # Anti-Echo Simulation |
| 43 | +│ └── helpers/ # Utility scripts |
| 44 | +│ ├── download_orbits.py # SP3 Orbit Downloader |
| 45 | +│ └── process_residuals_yearly.py # Batch processing helper |
| 46 | +├── data/ # Input data (GitIgnored) |
| 47 | +│ └── slr/ # CRD observations & SP3 orbits |
43 | 48 | ├── results/ |
44 | | -│ ├── figures/ # Generated plots |
45 | | -│ └── outputs/ # Analysis results |
46 | | -├── logs/ # Execution logs |
47 | | -├── manuscript-tep-slr.md # Auto-generated markdown |
48 | | -└── VERSION.json # Version metadata |
| 49 | +│ ├── outputs/ # Analysis JSONs & CSVs |
| 50 | +│ └── figures/ # Generated plots |
| 51 | +├── logs/ # Execution logs |
| 52 | +└── reproduce_analysis.sh # One-click reproduction script |
| 53 | +``` |
| 54 | + |
| 55 | +## Quick Start |
| 56 | + |
| 57 | +### 1. Prerequisites |
| 58 | +- Python 3.10+ |
| 59 | +- [CDDIS Account](https://cddis.nasa.gov/) (for data download only) |
| 60 | + |
| 61 | +```bash |
| 62 | +pip install -r requirements.txt |
49 | 63 | ``` |
50 | 64 |
|
51 | | -## Requirements |
| 65 | +### 2. Reproduction |
| 66 | +To run the full analysis pipeline (assuming data is downloaded): |
52 | 67 |
|
53 | | -- Python 3.8+ |
54 | | -- NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib |
55 | | -- Astropy (for cosmological calculations) |
56 | | -- Lenstronomy (for lens modeling) |
| 68 | +```bash |
| 69 | +chmod +x reproduce_analysis.sh |
| 70 | +./reproduce_analysis.sh |
| 71 | +``` |
57 | 72 |
|
58 | | -See `requirements.txt` for complete dependencies. |
| 73 | +### 3. Data Access |
59 | 74 |
|
60 | | -## Methodology |
| 75 | +**Option A: Use Pre-Processed Results (Recommended for Verification)** |
| 76 | +All analysis outputs are included in `results/outputs/` and `results/figures/`. You can verify the analysis without downloading raw data: |
61 | 77 |
|
62 | | -- **Lens Modeling**: Ray-tracing with temporal field variations |
63 | | -- **Source Evolution**: Myr-scale evolutionary models for galaxies/AGN |
64 | | -- **Time Delay Calculation**: Path-dependent proper-time accumulation |
65 | | -- **Image Reconstruction**: Temporal composite modeling |
66 | | -- **Statistical Analysis**: Correlation tests with observational data |
| 78 | +```bash |
| 79 | +# View analysis results |
| 80 | +cat results/outputs/step_2_3_mwpc_analysis.json |
67 | 81 |
|
68 | | -## Related Work |
| 82 | +# Regenerate figures from existing data |
| 83 | +python scripts/steps/step_2_4_plot_results.py |
| 84 | +``` |
69 | 85 |
|
70 | | -- [TEP Theory](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16921911) - Foundational framework |
| 86 | +**Option B: Download Raw Data from CDDIS (For Full Reproduction)** |
| 87 | +To download SLR observations and orbits from NASA CDDIS: |
| 88 | + |
| 89 | +1. **Register for NASA Earthdata Account:** |
| 90 | + - Visit: https://urs.earthdata.nasa.gov/users/new |
| 91 | + - Create free account (required for CDDIS access) |
| 92 | + |
| 93 | +2. **Configure Authentication:** |
| 94 | + |
| 95 | + Option 1 - Using `.netrc` file (recommended): |
| 96 | + ```bash |
| 97 | + echo "machine urs.earthdata.nasa.gov login YOUR_USERNAME password YOUR_PASSWORD" >> ~/.netrc |
| 98 | + chmod 600 ~/.netrc |
| 99 | + ``` |
| 100 | + |
| 101 | + Option 2 - Using environment variables: |
| 102 | + ```bash |
| 103 | + export CDDIS_USER="your_username" |
| 104 | + export CDDIS_PASS="your_password" |
| 105 | + ``` |
| 106 | + |
| 107 | +3. **Download Data:** |
| 108 | + ```bash |
| 109 | + # Download SLR observations (2015-2025) |
| 110 | + python scripts/steps/step_1_0_data_acquisition.py --start 2015-01-01 --end 2025-12-31 |
| 111 | + |
| 112 | + # Download precise orbits |
| 113 | + for y in $(seq 2015 2025); do python scripts/helpers/download_orbits.py --year $y; done |
| 114 | + ``` |
| 115 | + |
| 116 | +### 4. Pipeline Steps |
| 117 | + |
| 118 | +1. **Data Acquisition (`step_1_0`):** Downloads CRD (Normal Point) observation files from CDDIS. |
| 119 | +2. **Orbit Processing (`download_orbits`):** Fetches precise SP3 orbits for LAGEOS-1 and LAGEOS-2. |
| 120 | +3. **Residual Calculation (`step_2_1`):** Computes range residuals (Observed - Computed) using rigorous force models. |
| 121 | +4. **MWPC Analysis (`step_2_3`):** Performs Magnitude-Weighted Phase Correlation analysis to extract spatial decay signatures. |
| 122 | +5. **Visualization (`step_2_4`):** Generates decay plots and diagnostic figures. |
| 123 | +6. **Simulation (`step_3_0`):** Runs the "Anti-Echo" Monte Carlo simulation to validate the sign inversion mechanism. |
71 | 124 |
|
72 | 125 | ## License |
73 | 126 |
|
74 | | -This project is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0). See [LICENSE](LICENSE) for details. |
| 127 | +This project is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0). |
75 | 128 |
|
76 | 129 | ## Citation |
77 | 130 |
|
| 131 | +If you use this code or data, please cite: |
| 132 | + |
78 | 133 | ```bibtex |
79 | | -@article{smawfield2025tepslr, |
80 | | - title={Temporal Equivalence Principle: Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR)}, |
| 134 | +@article{smawfield2025slr, |
| 135 | + title={Global Time Echoes: Optical Validation of the Temporal Equivalence Principle via Satellite Laser Ranging}, |
81 | 136 | author={Smawfield, Matthew Lukin}, |
82 | | - journal={Preprint}, |
| 137 | + journal={Zenodo}, |
83 | 138 | year={2025}, |
84 | | - note={Preprint v0.1 (Ankara), DOI: TBD} |
| 139 | + doi={10.5281/zenodo.18064582}, |
| 140 | + note={v0.1 (Mombasa)} |
85 | 141 | } |
86 | 142 | ``` |
87 | 143 |
|
88 | | -## Acknowledgments |
| 144 | +--- |
| 145 | + |
| 146 | +## Open Science Statement |
89 | 147 |
|
90 | | -The author thanks colleagues for valuable discussions. This research made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System and the arXiv preprint server. |
| 148 | +These are working preprints shared in the spirit of open science—all manuscripts, analysis code, and data products are openly available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) to encourage and facilitate replication. Feedback and collaboration are warmly invited and welcome. |
91 | 149 |
|
92 | | -## Status |
| 150 | +--- |
93 | 151 |
|
94 | | -**Version 0.1 (Ankara)** - Initial project scaffold. |
| 152 | +**Contact:** matthewsmawfield@gmail.com |
| 153 | +**ORCID:** [0009-0003-8219-3159](https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8219-3159) |
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