diff --git a/internal/printer/utilities.go b/internal/printer/utilities.go
index cc3839cba5a..02b3e7e51ff 100644
--- a/internal/printer/utilities.go
+++ b/internal/printer/utilities.go
@@ -71,6 +71,18 @@ func encodeUtf16EscapeSequence(b *strings.Builder, charCode rune) {
 	b.WriteString(hexCharCode)
 }
 
+// decodeCESU8OrUTF8 decodes a rune from s, recognizing CESU-8 encoded surrogate
+// code units (0xD800–0xDFFF) that the scanner produces for lone surrogates in
+// string literals. Standard utf8.DecodeRuneInString would replace these with
+// U+FFFD, losing the distinction between different surrogates.
+func decodeCESU8OrUTF8(s string) (rune, int) {
+	if len(s) >= 3 && s[0] == 0xED && s[1] >= 0xA0 && s[1] <= 0xBF && s[2] >= 0x80 && s[2] <= 0xBF {
+		r := rune(0xD000) | rune(s[1]&0x3F)<<6 | rune(s[2]&0x3F)
+		return r, 3
+	}
+	return utf8.DecodeRuneInString(s)
+}
+
 // Based heavily on the abstract 'Quote'/'QuoteJSONString' operation from ECMA-262 (24.3.2.2),
 // but augmented for a few select characters (e.g. lineSeparator, paragraphSeparator, nextLine)
 // Note that this doesn't actually wrap the input in double quotes.
@@ -78,7 +90,7 @@ func escapeStringWorker(s string, quoteChar QuoteChar, flags getLiteralTextFlags
 	pos := 0
 	i := 0
 	for i < len(s) {
-		ch, size := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(s[i:])
+		ch, size := decodeCESU8OrUTF8(s[i:])
 
 		escape := false
 
@@ -104,7 +116,8 @@ func escapeStringWorker(s string, quoteChar QuoteChar, flags getLiteralTextFlags
 				escape = true
 			}
 		default:
-			if ch <= '\u001f' || flags&getLiteralTextFlagsNeverAsciiEscape == 0 && ch > '\u007f' {
+			if ch <= '\u001f' || flags&getLiteralTextFlagsNeverAsciiEscape == 0 && ch > '\u007f' ||
+				ch >= 0xD800 && ch <= 0xDFFF {
 				escape = true
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/internal/scanner/scanner.go b/internal/scanner/scanner.go
index 4f6de45cca4..4dd3b5bcd6c 100644
--- a/internal/scanner/scanner.go
+++ b/internal/scanner/scanner.go
@@ -1749,6 +1749,9 @@ func (s *Scanner) scanEscapeSequence(flags EscapeSequenceScanningFlags) string {
 			if codePoint < 0 {
 				return s.text[start:s.pos]
 			}
+			if codePointIsHighSurrogate(codePoint) || codePointIsLowSurrogate(codePoint) {
+				return encodeSurrogate(codePoint)
+			}
 			return string(codePoint)
 		}
 		if codePoint < 0 {
@@ -1764,13 +1767,11 @@ func (s *Scanner) scanEscapeSequence(flags EscapeSequenceScanningFlags) string {
 				return string(surrogatePairToCodepoint(codePoint, nextCodePoint))
 			}
 			s.pos = savedPos
-			if flags&EscapeSequenceScanningFlagsRegularExpression != 0 {
-				return encodeSurrogate(codePoint)
-			}
-		} else if (codePointIsHighSurrogate(codePoint) || codePointIsLowSurrogate(codePoint)) &&
-			flags&EscapeSequenceScanningFlagsRegularExpression != 0 {
-			// Lone surrogate inside a non-unicode regex: encode as CESU-8 so scanClassRanges
-			// can compare surrogates numerically. Must NOT apply to string literals.
+			return encodeSurrogate(codePoint)
+		} else if codePointIsHighSurrogate(codePoint) || codePointIsLowSurrogate(codePoint) {
+			// Lone surrogate: encode as CESU-8 so that distinct surrogates remain
+			// distinguishable. Go's string(rune) would replace all surrogates with
+			// U+FFFD, collapsing e.g. "\uD800" and "\uDC00" into the same value.
 			return encodeSurrogate(codePoint)
 		}
 		return string(codePoint)
diff --git a/internal/stringutil/compare.go b/internal/stringutil/compare.go
index e632405f145..64be7b76c7c 100644
--- a/internal/stringutil/compare.go
+++ b/internal/stringutil/compare.go
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ func CompareStringsCaseInsensitive(a string, b string) Comparison {
 		return ComparisonEqual
 	}
 	for {
-		ca, sa := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(a)
-		cb, sb := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(b)
+		ca, sa := decodeCESU8OrUTF8(a)
+		cb, sb := decodeCESU8OrUTF8(b)
 		if sa == 0 {
 			if sb == 0 {
 				return ComparisonEqual
@@ -60,6 +60,18 @@ func CompareStringsCaseInsensitive(a string, b string) Comparison {
 	}
 }
 
+// decodeCESU8OrUTF8 decodes a rune from s, recognizing CESU-8 encoded surrogate
+// code units (0xD800–0xDFFF) that the scanner produces for lone surrogates in
+// string literals. Standard utf8.DecodeRuneInString would see these as invalid
+// UTF-8 and return RuneError for each byte individually.
+func decodeCESU8OrUTF8(s string) (rune, int) {
+	if len(s) >= 3 && s[0] == 0xED && s[1] >= 0xA0 && s[1] <= 0xBF && s[2] >= 0x80 && s[2] <= 0xBF {
+		r := rune(0xD000) | rune(s[1]&0x3F)<<6 | rune(s[2]&0x3F)
+		return r, 3
+	}
+	return utf8.DecodeRuneInString(s)
+}
+
 func CompareStringsCaseSensitive(a string, b string) Comparison {
 	return strings.Compare(a, b)
 }
diff --git a/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/loneSurrogateStringLiterals.errors.txt b/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/loneSurrogateStringLiterals.errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9ea30044801
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/loneSurrogateStringLiterals.errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts(6,7): error TS2322: Type '"\uDC00"' is not assignable to type '"\uD800"'.
+loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts(7,7): error TS2322: Type '"\uD800"' is not assignable to type '"\uDC00"'.
+loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts(10,7): error TS2322: Type '"\uD801"' is not assignable to type '"\uD800"'.
+loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts(11,7): error TS2322: Type '"\uD800"' is not assignable to type '"\uD801"'.
+loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts(14,7): error TS2322: Type '"\uDC01"' is not assignable to type '"\uDC00"'.
+loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts(15,7): error TS2322: Type '"\uDC00"' is not assignable to type '"\uDC01"'.
+loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts(20,7): error TS2322: Type '"\uDC00"' is not assignable to type '"\uD800"'.
+loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts(21,7): error TS2322: Type '"\uD800"' is not assignable to type '"\uDC00"'.
+loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts(26,7): error TS2322: Type '"\uDC00"' is not assignable to type '"\uD800"'.
+loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts(27,7): error TS2322: Type '"\uDC00"' is not assignable to type '"\uD800"'.
+
+
+==== loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts (10 errors) ====
+    // Lone surrogates should be distinct string literal types
+    const highSurrogate: "\uD800" = "\uD800"; // ok
+    const lowSurrogate: "\uDC00" = "\uDC00"; // ok
+    
+    // These should be errors - different surrogates are not assignable to each other
+    const highToLow: "\uD800" = "\uDC00"; // error
+          ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2322: Type '"\uDC00"' is not assignable to type '"\uD800"'.
+    const lowToHigh: "\uDC00" = "\uD800"; // error
+          ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2322: Type '"\uD800"' is not assignable to type '"\uDC00"'.
+    
+    // Different high surrogates should also be distinct
+    const high1: "\uD800" = "\uD801"; // error
+          ~~~~~
+!!! error TS2322: Type '"\uD801"' is not assignable to type '"\uD800"'.
+    const high2: "\uD801" = "\uD800"; // error
+          ~~~~~
+!!! error TS2322: Type '"\uD800"' is not assignable to type '"\uD801"'.
+    
+    // Different low surrogates should also be distinct
+    const low1: "\uDC00" = "\uDC01"; // error
+          ~~~~
+!!! error TS2322: Type '"\uDC01"' is not assignable to type '"\uDC00"'.
+    const low2: "\uDC01" = "\uDC00"; // error
+          ~~~~
+!!! error TS2322: Type '"\uDC00"' is not assignable to type '"\uDC01"'.
+    
+    // Extended Unicode escape syntax should also work
+    const extHigh: "\u{D800}" = "\u{D800}"; // ok
+    const extLow: "\u{DC00}" = "\u{DC00}"; // ok
+    const extHighToLow: "\u{D800}" = "\u{DC00}"; // error
+          ~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2322: Type '"\uDC00"' is not assignable to type '"\uD800"'.
+    const extLowToHigh: "\u{DC00}" = "\u{D800}"; // error
+          ~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2322: Type '"\uD800"' is not assignable to type '"\uDC00"'.
+    
+    // Mixed syntax should also be equivalent
+    const mixedHigh: "\uD800" = "\u{D800}"; // ok
+    const mixedLow: "\u{DC00}" = "\uDC00"; // ok
+    const mixedError1: "\uD800" = "\u{DC00}"; // error
+          ~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2322: Type '"\uDC00"' is not assignable to type '"\uD800"'.
+    const mixedError2: "\u{D800}" = "\uDC00"; // error
+          ~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2322: Type '"\uDC00"' is not assignable to type '"\uD800"'.
+    
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/loneSurrogateStringLiterals.js b/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/loneSurrogateStringLiterals.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bf6091a098c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/loneSurrogateStringLiterals.js
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+//// [tests/cases/compiler/loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts] ////
+
+//// [loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts]
+// Lone surrogates should be distinct string literal types
+const highSurrogate: "\uD800" = "\uD800"; // ok
+const lowSurrogate: "\uDC00" = "\uDC00"; // ok
+
+// These should be errors - different surrogates are not assignable to each other
+const highToLow: "\uD800" = "\uDC00"; // error
+const lowToHigh: "\uDC00" = "\uD800"; // error
+
+// Different high surrogates should also be distinct
+const high1: "\uD800" = "\uD801"; // error
+const high2: "\uD801" = "\uD800"; // error
+
+// Different low surrogates should also be distinct
+const low1: "\uDC00" = "\uDC01"; // error
+const low2: "\uDC01" = "\uDC00"; // error
+
+// Extended Unicode escape syntax should also work
+const extHigh: "\u{D800}" = "\u{D800}"; // ok
+const extLow: "\u{DC00}" = "\u{DC00}"; // ok
+const extHighToLow: "\u{D800}" = "\u{DC00}"; // error
+const extLowToHigh: "\u{DC00}" = "\u{D800}"; // error
+
+// Mixed syntax should also be equivalent
+const mixedHigh: "\uD800" = "\u{D800}"; // ok
+const mixedLow: "\u{DC00}" = "\uDC00"; // ok
+const mixedError1: "\uD800" = "\u{DC00}"; // error
+const mixedError2: "\u{D800}" = "\uDC00"; // error
+
+
+//// [loneSurrogateStringLiterals.js]
+"use strict";
+// Lone surrogates should be distinct string literal types
+const highSurrogate = "\uD800"; // ok
+const lowSurrogate = "\uDC00"; // ok
+// These should be errors - different surrogates are not assignable to each other
+const highToLow = "\uDC00"; // error
+const lowToHigh = "\uD800"; // error
+// Different high surrogates should also be distinct
+const high1 = "\uD801"; // error
+const high2 = "\uD800"; // error
+// Different low surrogates should also be distinct
+const low1 = "\uDC01"; // error
+const low2 = "\uDC00"; // error
+// Extended Unicode escape syntax should also work
+const extHigh = "\u{D800}"; // ok
+const extLow = "\u{DC00}"; // ok
+const extHighToLow = "\u{DC00}"; // error
+const extLowToHigh = "\u{D800}"; // error
+// Mixed syntax should also be equivalent
+const mixedHigh = "\u{D800}"; // ok
+const mixedLow = "\uDC00"; // ok
+const mixedError1 = "\u{DC00}"; // error
+const mixedError2 = "\uDC00"; // error
diff --git a/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/loneSurrogateStringLiterals.symbols b/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/loneSurrogateStringLiterals.symbols
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..16c16252a12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/loneSurrogateStringLiterals.symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+//// [tests/cases/compiler/loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts] ////
+
+=== loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts ===
+// Lone surrogates should be distinct string literal types
+const highSurrogate: "\uD800" = "\uD800"; // ok
+>highSurrogate : Symbol(highSurrogate, Decl(loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts, 1, 5))
+
+const lowSurrogate: "\uDC00" = "\uDC00"; // ok
+>lowSurrogate : Symbol(lowSurrogate, Decl(loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts, 2, 5))
+
+// These should be errors - different surrogates are not assignable to each other
+const highToLow: "\uD800" = "\uDC00"; // error
+>highToLow : Symbol(highToLow, Decl(loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts, 5, 5))
+
+const lowToHigh: "\uDC00" = "\uD800"; // error
+>lowToHigh : Symbol(lowToHigh, Decl(loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts, 6, 5))
+
+// Different high surrogates should also be distinct
+const high1: "\uD800" = "\uD801"; // error
+>high1 : Symbol(high1, Decl(loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts, 9, 5))
+
+const high2: "\uD801" = "\uD800"; // error
+>high2 : Symbol(high2, Decl(loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts, 10, 5))
+
+// Different low surrogates should also be distinct
+const low1: "\uDC00" = "\uDC01"; // error
+>low1 : Symbol(low1, Decl(loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts, 13, 5))
+
+const low2: "\uDC01" = "\uDC00"; // error
+>low2 : Symbol(low2, Decl(loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts, 14, 5))
+
+// Extended Unicode escape syntax should also work
+const extHigh: "\u{D800}" = "\u{D800}"; // ok
+>extHigh : Symbol(extHigh, Decl(loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts, 17, 5))
+
+const extLow: "\u{DC00}" = "\u{DC00}"; // ok
+>extLow : Symbol(extLow, Decl(loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts, 18, 5))
+
+const extHighToLow: "\u{D800}" = "\u{DC00}"; // error
+>extHighToLow : Symbol(extHighToLow, Decl(loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts, 19, 5))
+
+const extLowToHigh: "\u{DC00}" = "\u{D800}"; // error
+>extLowToHigh : Symbol(extLowToHigh, Decl(loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts, 20, 5))
+
+// Mixed syntax should also be equivalent
+const mixedHigh: "\uD800" = "\u{D800}"; // ok
+>mixedHigh : Symbol(mixedHigh, Decl(loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts, 23, 5))
+
+const mixedLow: "\u{DC00}" = "\uDC00"; // ok
+>mixedLow : Symbol(mixedLow, Decl(loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts, 24, 5))
+
+const mixedError1: "\uD800" = "\u{DC00}"; // error
+>mixedError1 : Symbol(mixedError1, Decl(loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts, 25, 5))
+
+const mixedError2: "\u{D800}" = "\uDC00"; // error
+>mixedError2 : Symbol(mixedError2, Decl(loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts, 26, 5))
+
diff --git a/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/loneSurrogateStringLiterals.types b/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/loneSurrogateStringLiterals.types
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1451573d294
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/loneSurrogateStringLiterals.types
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+//// [tests/cases/compiler/loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts] ////
+
+=== loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts ===
+// Lone surrogates should be distinct string literal types
+const highSurrogate: "\uD800" = "\uD800"; // ok
+>highSurrogate : "\uD800"
+>"\uD800" : "\uD800"
+
+const lowSurrogate: "\uDC00" = "\uDC00"; // ok
+>lowSurrogate : "\uDC00"
+>"\uDC00" : "\uDC00"
+
+// These should be errors - different surrogates are not assignable to each other
+const highToLow: "\uD800" = "\uDC00"; // error
+>highToLow : "\uD800"
+>"\uDC00" : "\uDC00"
+
+const lowToHigh: "\uDC00" = "\uD800"; // error
+>lowToHigh : "\uDC00"
+>"\uD800" : "\uD800"
+
+// Different high surrogates should also be distinct
+const high1: "\uD800" = "\uD801"; // error
+>high1 : "\uD800"
+>"\uD801" : "\uD801"
+
+const high2: "\uD801" = "\uD800"; // error
+>high2 : "\uD801"
+>"\uD800" : "\uD800"
+
+// Different low surrogates should also be distinct
+const low1: "\uDC00" = "\uDC01"; // error
+>low1 : "\uDC00"
+>"\uDC01" : "\uDC01"
+
+const low2: "\uDC01" = "\uDC00"; // error
+>low2 : "\uDC01"
+>"\uDC00" : "\uDC00"
+
+// Extended Unicode escape syntax should also work
+const extHigh: "\u{D800}" = "\u{D800}"; // ok
+>extHigh : "\uD800"
+>"\u{D800}" : "\uD800"
+
+const extLow: "\u{DC00}" = "\u{DC00}"; // ok
+>extLow : "\uDC00"
+>"\u{DC00}" : "\uDC00"
+
+const extHighToLow: "\u{D800}" = "\u{DC00}"; // error
+>extHighToLow : "\uD800"
+>"\u{DC00}" : "\uDC00"
+
+const extLowToHigh: "\u{DC00}" = "\u{D800}"; // error
+>extLowToHigh : "\uDC00"
+>"\u{D800}" : "\uD800"
+
+// Mixed syntax should also be equivalent
+const mixedHigh: "\uD800" = "\u{D800}"; // ok
+>mixedHigh : "\uD800"
+>"\u{D800}" : "\uD800"
+
+const mixedLow: "\u{DC00}" = "\uDC00"; // ok
+>mixedLow : "\uDC00"
+>"\uDC00" : "\uDC00"
+
+const mixedError1: "\uD800" = "\u{DC00}"; // error
+>mixedError1 : "\uD800"
+>"\u{DC00}" : "\uDC00"
+
+const mixedError2: "\u{D800}" = "\uDC00"; // error
+>mixedError2 : "\uD800"
+>"\uDC00" : "\uDC00"
+
diff --git a/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/unicodeSurrogatesInStringLiterals.js b/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/unicodeSurrogatesInStringLiterals.js
index e33c239550e..0bb9e03002e 100644
--- a/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/unicodeSurrogatesInStringLiterals.js
+++ b/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/unicodeSurrogatesInStringLiterals.js
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ export const lowHigh = "\ude03\ud83d";
 
 //// [unicodeSurrogatesInStringLiterals.d.ts]
 export declare const highLow: "\uD83D\uDE03";
-export declare const high: "\uFFFD";
-export declare const low: "\uFFFD";
-export declare const highHigh: "\uFFFD\uFFFD";
-export declare const lowLow: "\uFFFD\uFFFD";
-export declare const lowHigh: "\uFFFD\uFFFD";
+export declare const high: "\uD83D";
+export declare const low: "\uDE03";
+export declare const highHigh: "\uD83D\uD83D";
+export declare const lowLow: "\uDE03\uDE03";
+export declare const lowHigh: "\uDE03\uD83D";
diff --git a/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/unicodeSurrogatesInStringLiterals.types b/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/unicodeSurrogatesInStringLiterals.types
index 26778de70b4..628cad72d66 100644
--- a/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/unicodeSurrogatesInStringLiterals.types
+++ b/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/unicodeSurrogatesInStringLiterals.types
@@ -9,31 +9,31 @@ export const highLow = "\ud83d\ude03" as const;
 
 // high surrogate
 export const high = "\ud83d" as const;
->high : "�"
->"\ud83d" as const : "�"
->"\ud83d" : "�"
+>high : "\uD83D"
+>"\ud83d" as const : "\uD83D"
+>"\ud83d" : "\uD83D"
 
 // low surrogate
 export const low = "\ude03" as const;
->low : "�"
->"\ude03" as const : "�"
->"\ude03" : "�"
+>low : "\uDE03"
+>"\ude03" as const : "\uDE03"
+>"\ude03" : "\uDE03"
 
 // two high surrogates
 export const highHigh = "\ud83d\ud83d" as const;
->highHigh : "��"
->"\ud83d\ud83d" as const : "��"
->"\ud83d\ud83d" : "��"
+>highHigh : "\uD83D\uD83D"
+>"\ud83d\ud83d" as const : "\uD83D\uD83D"
+>"\ud83d\ud83d" : "\uD83D\uD83D"
 
 // two low surrogates
 export const lowLow = "\ude03\ude03" as const;
->lowLow : "��"
->"\ude03\ude03" as const : "��"
->"\ude03\ude03" : "��"
+>lowLow : "\uDE03\uDE03"
+>"\ude03\ude03" as const : "\uDE03\uDE03"
+>"\ude03\ude03" : "\uDE03\uDE03"
 
 // swapped expected order of surrogates
 export const lowHigh = "\ude03\ud83d" as const;
->lowHigh : "��"
->"\ude03\ud83d" as const : "��"
->"\ude03\ud83d" : "��"
+>lowHigh : "\uDE03\uD83D"
+>"\ude03\ud83d" as const : "\uDE03\uD83D"
+>"\ude03\ud83d" : "\uDE03\uD83D"
 
diff --git a/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInStrings10(target=es6).types b/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInStrings10(target=es6).types
index a30aea55871..787e81e870e 100644
--- a/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInStrings10(target=es6).types
+++ b/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInStrings10(target=es6).types
@@ -7,5 +7,5 @@
 // this is a useful edge-case test.
 var x = "\u{D800}";
 >x : string
->"\u{D800}" : "�"
+>"\u{D800}" : "\uD800"
 
diff --git a/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInStrings10(target=es6).types.diff b/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInStrings10(target=es6).types.diff
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..773d7df16ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInStrings10(target=es6).types.diff
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+--- old.unicodeExtendedEscapesInStrings10(target=es6).types
++++ new.unicodeExtendedEscapesInStrings10(target=es6).types
+@@= skipped -6, +6 lines =@@
+ // this is a useful edge-case test.
+ var x = "\u{D800}";
+ >x : string
+->"\u{D800}" : "�"
++>"\u{D800}" : "\uD800"
diff --git a/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInStrings11(target=es6).types b/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInStrings11(target=es6).types
index 3dca2fcedbc..d86a0b622ce 100644
--- a/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInStrings11(target=es6).types
+++ b/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInStrings11(target=es6).types
@@ -7,5 +7,5 @@
 // this is a useful edge-case test.
 var x = "\u{DC00}";
 >x : string
->"\u{DC00}" : "�"
+>"\u{DC00}" : "\uDC00"
 
diff --git a/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInStrings11(target=es6).types.diff b/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInStrings11(target=es6).types.diff
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cb029e4f663
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInStrings11(target=es6).types.diff
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+--- old.unicodeExtendedEscapesInStrings11(target=es6).types
++++ new.unicodeExtendedEscapesInStrings11(target=es6).types
+@@= skipped -6, +6 lines =@@
+ // this is a useful edge-case test.
+ var x = "\u{DC00}";
+ >x : string
+->"\u{DC00}" : "�"
++>"\u{DC00}" : "\uDC00"
diff --git a/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInTemplates10(target=es6).types b/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInTemplates10(target=es6).types
index 24cb2b3e476..9c0bbc0d428 100644
--- a/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInTemplates10(target=es6).types
+++ b/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInTemplates10(target=es6).types
@@ -7,5 +7,5 @@
 // this is a useful edge-case test.
 var x = `\u{D800}`;
 >x : string
->`\u{D800}` : "�"
+>`\u{D800}` : "\uD800"
 
diff --git a/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInTemplates10(target=es6).types.diff b/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInTemplates10(target=es6).types.diff
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8c03ba46c34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInTemplates10(target=es6).types.diff
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+--- old.unicodeExtendedEscapesInTemplates10(target=es6).types
++++ new.unicodeExtendedEscapesInTemplates10(target=es6).types
+@@= skipped -6, +6 lines =@@
+ // this is a useful edge-case test.
+ var x = `\u{D800}`;
+ >x : string
+->`\u{D800}` : "�"
++>`\u{D800}` : "\uD800"
diff --git a/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInTemplates11(target=es6).types b/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInTemplates11(target=es6).types
index ba2535fe4e0..1a925f4dd86 100644
--- a/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInTemplates11(target=es6).types
+++ b/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInTemplates11(target=es6).types
@@ -7,5 +7,5 @@
 // this is a useful edge-case test.
 var x = `\u{DC00}`;
 >x : string
->`\u{DC00}` : "�"
+>`\u{DC00}` : "\uDC00"
 
diff --git a/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInTemplates11(target=es6).types.diff b/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInTemplates11(target=es6).types.diff
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b0b5842acbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/conformance/unicodeExtendedEscapesInTemplates11(target=es6).types.diff
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+--- old.unicodeExtendedEscapesInTemplates11(target=es6).types
++++ new.unicodeExtendedEscapesInTemplates11(target=es6).types
+@@= skipped -6, +6 lines =@@
+ // this is a useful edge-case test.
+ var x = `\u{DC00}`;
+ >x : string
+->`\u{DC00}` : "�"
++>`\u{DC00}` : "\uDC00"
diff --git a/testdata/tests/cases/compiler/loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts b/testdata/tests/cases/compiler/loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..29ff00d6e99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/tests/cases/compiler/loneSurrogateStringLiterals.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// @strict: true
+
+// Lone surrogates should be distinct string literal types
+const highSurrogate: "\uD800" = "\uD800"; // ok
+const lowSurrogate: "\uDC00" = "\uDC00"; // ok
+
+// These should be errors - different surrogates are not assignable to each other
+const highToLow: "\uD800" = "\uDC00"; // error
+const lowToHigh: "\uDC00" = "\uD800"; // error
+
+// Different high surrogates should also be distinct
+const high1: "\uD800" = "\uD801"; // error
+const high2: "\uD801" = "\uD800"; // error
+
+// Different low surrogates should also be distinct
+const low1: "\uDC00" = "\uDC01"; // error
+const low2: "\uDC01" = "\uDC00"; // error
+
+// Extended Unicode escape syntax should also work
+const extHigh: "\u{D800}" = "\u{D800}"; // ok
+const extLow: "\u{DC00}" = "\u{DC00}"; // ok
+const extHighToLow: "\u{D800}" = "\u{DC00}"; // error
+const extLowToHigh: "\u{DC00}" = "\u{D800}"; // error
+
+// Mixed syntax should also be equivalent
+const mixedHigh: "\uD800" = "\u{D800}"; // ok
+const mixedLow: "\u{DC00}" = "\uDC00"; // ok
+const mixedError1: "\uD800" = "\u{DC00}"; // error
+const mixedError2: "\u{D800}" = "\uDC00"; // error