Add api to ask if attribute derivatives are requested.

[curtisblack]

Description

This PR adds an API to ask the shading system if derivatives are required for attributes.

Tests

Checklist:

• I have read the contribution guidelines.
• I have updated the documentation, if applicable.
• I have ensured that the change is tested somewhere in the testsuite (adding new test cases if necessary).
• My code follows the prevailing code style of this project. If I haven't
  already run clang-format v17 before submitting, I definitely will look at
  the CI test that runs clang-format and fix anything that it highlights as
  being nonconforming.

[lgritz]

LGTM