About

This repository showcases a series of hands-on electronics experiments and microcontroller-based projects, primarily built around the MCU platform. Each lab explores a unique concept—from analog signal processing and sensor integration to web-controlled interfaces and transistor diagnostics. Designed for clarity, modularity, and reuse, these projects serve as both a personal learning archive and a collaborative resource for makers, educators, and engineers.

Explore the labs below, sorted by progression and topic.

Project Index (Sorted by LAB Number)

🔧 Project Index (Sorted by LAB Number)

• LAB1_RC_circuit/
• LAB2_Analog_Input_Voltage/
• LAB3_binary_display_with_LED/
• LAB4_Photoresistor_switch_circuit/
• LAB5_Planck_constant_experiment/
• LAB6_ESP32_Based_Real_Time_Oscilloscope/
• LAB7_ESP32_as_WIFI_Station/
• LAB8_R-2R_resistive_ladder/
• LAB9_ESP32_WebServer_control_Two_LEDs/
• LAB10_ESP32_WebServer_slider_control_LED_PWM/
• LAB11_Read_temperature_with_OLED_display/
• LAB12_practice_on_APDS9960_sensor/
• LAB13_555Timer_Function_Table_Test/
• LAB14_Verify_P2N2222A_Amplifier-Transistor_Switching/
• LAB15_P2N2222A-Amplifier-Transistor_voltage_validation/
• LAB16_NE555P_Astable_Test_validation/
• LAB17_APDS-9960_Proximity_Test/
• LAB18_Weight_Sensor_HX711_module_Load_Cell_Calibration/
• LAB19_Color_Sensor_and_OLED_Display_Integration_Test/
• LAB20_Sensor_Fusion_by_using_HX711_and_APDS-9960_Modules/
• LAB21_Smart_Sorting_System_with_HX711_and_APDS-9960_Modules/
• LAB22_Simple_Magnetic_Control_Light_using_a_Reed_Switch/
• LAB23_STM32-ESP32_Dual_MCU_Communication_Setup/
• LAB24_STM32F103_DMA_Data_Acquisition_and_Analysis/
• LAB25_STM32F103_DMA-Based_Analog_Signal_Acquisition_and_UART_Output_Practice/

Microcontroller, ESP32

specs

• Processors:
  • CPU: Xtensa dual-core (or single-core) 32-bit LX6 microprocessor, operating at 160 or 240 MHz and performing at up to 600 DMIPS
  • Ultra low power (ULP) co-processor
• Memory: 520 KiB SRAM
• Wireless connectivity:
  • Wi-Fi: 802.11 b/g/n
  • Bluetooth: v4.2 BR/EDR and BLE (shares the radio with Wi-Fi)
• Peripheral interfaces:
  • 12-bit SAR ADC up to 18 channels
  • 2 × 8-bit DACs
  • 10 × touch sensors (capacitive sensing GPIOs)
  • 4 × SPI
  • 2 × I²S interfaces
  • 2 × I²C interfaces
  • 3 × UART
  • SD/SDIO/CE-ATA/MMC/eMMC host controller
  • SDIO/SPI slave controller
  • Ethernet MAC interface with dedicated DMA and IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol support
  • CAN bus 2.0
  • Infrared remote controller (TX/RX, up to 8 channels)
  • Motor PWM
  • LED PWM (up to 16 channels)
  • Hall effect sensor
  • Ultra low power analog pre-amplifier
• Security:
  • IEEE 802.11 standard security features all supported, including WFA, WPA/WPA2 and WAPI
  • Secure boot
  • Flash encryption
  • 1024-bit OTP, up to 768-bit for customers
  • Cryptographic hardware acceleration: AES, SHA-2, RSA, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), random number generator (RNG)
• Power management:
  • Internal low-dropout regulator
  • Individual power domain for RTC
  • 5μA deep sleep current
  • Wake up from GPIO interrupt, timer, ADC measurements, capacitive touch sensor interrupt
• Battery management
  • Connector for 3.7v battery (like 18650).

Microcontroller, STM32F103C8

specs

• ARM®32-bit Cortex®-M3 CPU Core
  • 72 MHz maximum frequency,1.25 DMIPS/MHz (Dhrystone 2.1) performance at 0 wait state memory access
  • Single-cycle multiplication and hardware division
• Memories
  • 64 or 128 Kbytes of Flash memory
  • 20 Kbytes of SRAM
• Clock, reset and supply management
  • 2.0 to 3.6 V application supply and I/Os
  • POR, PDR, and programmable voltage detector (PVD)
  • 4-to-16 MHz crystal oscillator
  • Internal 8 MHz factory-trimmed RC
  • Internal 40 kHz RC
  • PLL for CPU clock
  • 32 kHz oscillator for RTC with calibration
• Low-power
  • Sleep, Stop and Standby modes
  • VBAT supply for RTC and backup registers
• 2 x 12-bit, 1 μs A/D converters (up to 16 channels)
  • Conversion range: 0 to 3.6 V
  • Dual-sample and hold capability
  • Temperature sensor
• DMA
  • 7-channel DMA controller
  • Peripherals supported: timers, ADC, SPIs, I2Cs and USARTs
• Up to 80 fast I/O ports
  • 26/37/51/80 I/Os, all mappable on 16 external interrupt vectors and almost all 5 V-tolerant
• Debug mode
  • Serial wire debug (SWD) & JTAG interfaces
• 7 timers
  • Three 16-bit timers, each with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter and quadrature (incremental) encoder input
  • 16-bit, motor control PWM timer with dead-time generation and emergency stop
  • 2 watchdog timers (Independent and Window)
  • SysTick timer 24-bit down-counter
• Up to 9 communication interfaces
• Up to 2 x I2C interfaces (SMBus/PMBus)
• Up to 3 USARTs (ISO 7816 interface, LIN, IrDA capability, modem control)
• Up to 2 SPIs (18 Mbit/s)
• CAN interface (2.0B Active)
• USB 2.0 full-speed interface
• CRC calculation unit, 96-bit unique ID