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c4a8540
chore: curate dictionary
hippietrail Jan 24, 2026
5449fdc
Merge branch 'master' of http://github.com/Automattic/harper into dic…
hippietrail Jan 24, 2026
1b3d62c
chore: add and tweak entries
hippietrail Jan 25, 2026
917e710
chore: curation:
hippietrail Jan 26, 2026
c792f14
Merge branch 'master' of http://github.com/Automattic/harper into dic…
hippietrail Jan 27, 2026
47b7ecc
chore: subscript +inflections
hippietrail Jan 27, 2026
a3c75dd
Merge branch 'master' of http://github.com/Automattic/harper into dic…
hippietrail Jan 29, 2026
409621e
chore: +QuickLook, +TextMate, +interop, +nonmutating
hippietrail Jan 29, 2026
ad7dcb6
chore: +ADT
hippietrail Jan 30, 2026
3dfd197
chore: documentation +mass
hippietrail Jan 30, 2026
39aaf62
chore: curation
hippietrail Jan 31, 2026
ce23a10
fix: annotate many -ed and -ing verbs
hippietrail Jan 31, 2026
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970 changes: 493 additions & 477 deletions harper-core/dictionary.dict
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10 changes: 0 additions & 10 deletions harper-core/tests/text/linters/Computer science.snap.yml
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Expand Up @@ -573,16 +573,6 @@ Suggest:



Lint: WordChoice (63 priority)
Message: |
161 | contentious issue, which is further muddied by disputes over what the term
162 | "software engineering" means, and how computer science is defined. David Parnas,
| ^~~~ Insert `to` after `how` (e.g., `how to clone`).
Suggest:
- Insert “to ”



Lint: Readability (127 priority)
Message: |
162 | "software engineering" means, and how computer science is defined. David Parnas,
Expand Down
54 changes: 27 additions & 27 deletions harper-core/tests/text/tagged/Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.md
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270 changes: 135 additions & 135 deletions harper-core/tests/text/tagged/Computer science.md
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18 changes: 9 additions & 9 deletions harper-core/tests/text/tagged/Difficult sentences.md
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Expand Up @@ -426,8 +426,8 @@
# NPr+ VL3 NPr/J/R/P D/P NSg .
> My fruit trees are in bud .
# D$+ N🅪Sg/VB+ NPl/V3+ VB NPr/J/R/P NPr🅪Sg/VB+ .
> The company is in profit .
# D+ N🅪Sg/VB+ VL3 NPr/J/R/P N🅪Sg/VBP/J+ .
> The company is in profit .
# D+ N🅪Sg+ VL3 NPr/J/R/P N🅪Sg/VBP/J+ .
> You've got a friend in me .
# K VP D/P NPr/VB/J+ NPr/J/R/P NPr/ISg+ .
> He's met his match in her .
Expand All @@ -443,7 +443,7 @@
> Beethoven's " Symphony No . 5 " in C minor is among his most popular .
# NPr$ . NSg+ NSg/Dq/P . # . NPr/J/R/P NPr/VB/#r+ NSg/VB/J VL3 P ISg/D$+ NSg/I/J/R/Dq NSg/J .
> His speech was in French , but was simultaneously translated into eight languages .
# ISg/D$+ N🅪Sg/VB+ VPt NPr/J/R/P NPr🅪Sg/VB/J . NSg/C/P VPt R VP/J P NSg/J+ NPl/V3+ .
# ISg/D$+ N🅪Sg/VB+ VPt NPr/J/R/P NPr🅪Sg/VB/J . NSg/C/P VPt R VP/J P NSg/J+ NPl+ .
> When you write in cursive , it's illegible .
# NSg/I/C ISgPl+ NSg/VB NPr/J/R/P NSg/J . + J .
> Military letters should be formal in tone , but not stilted .
Expand All @@ -467,7 +467,7 @@
> Would you like that to take away or eat in ?
# VXB ISgPl+ NSg/VB/J/C/P NSg/I/C/Ddem+ P NSg/VB VB/J NPr/C VB NPr/J/R/P .
> He ran to the edge of the swimming pool and dived in .
# NPr/ISg+ NSg/VPt P D NSg/VB P D+ NSg/VB NSg/VB+ VB/C VP/J NPr/J/R/P .
# NPr/ISg+ NSg/VPt P D NSg/VB P D+ NSg/Vg NSg/VB+ VB/C VP/J NPr/J/R/P .
> They flew in from London last night .
# IPl+ NSg/VPt/J NPr/J/R/P P NPr+ NSg/VB/J+ N🅪Sg/VB+ .
> For six hours the tide flows in , then for another six hours it flows out .
Expand All @@ -482,8 +482,8 @@
# HeadingStart NSg/VB+
>
#
> His parents got him an in with the company .
# ISg/D$+ NPl/V3+ VP ISg+ D/P NPr/J/R/P P D+ N🅪Sg/VB+ .
> His parents got him an in with the company .
# ISg/D$+ NPl/V3+ VP ISg+ D/P NPr/J/R/P P D+ N🅪Sg+ .
>
#
> Adjective
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -685,11 +685,11 @@
> All of the responsibility is on him .
# NSg/I/J/C/Dq P D+ N🅪Sg+ VL3 J/P ISg+ .
> I put a bet on the winning horse .
# ISg/#r+ NSg/VBP D/P+ NSg/VB/P+ J/P D+ NSg/VB/J NSg/VB+ .
# ISg/#r+ NSg/VBP D/P+ NSg/VB/P+ J/P D+ NSg/Vg/J NSg/VB+ .
> tug on the rope ; push hard on the door .
# NSg/VB+ J/P D+ NSg/VB+ . NSg/VB N🅪Sg/J/R J/P D+ NSg/VB+ .
> I stubbed my toe on an old tree stump .
# ISg/#r+ VB/J D$+ NSg/VB+ J/P D/P NSg/J NSg/VB+ NSg/VB .
# ISg/#r+ VP/J D$+ NSg/VB+ J/P D/P NSg/J NSg/VB+ NSg/VB .
> I caught my fingernail on the door handle .
# ISg/#r+ VP/J D$+ NSg+ J/P D+ NSg/VB+ NSg/VB .
> The rope snagged on a branch .
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -731,7 +731,7 @@
> He travelled on false documents .
# NPr/ISg+ VP/J/Comm J/P NSg/VB/J+ NPl/V3+ .
> They planned an attack on London .
# IPl+ VB/J D/P NSg/VB/J J/P NPr+ .
# IPl+ VP/J D/P NSg/VB/J J/P NPr+ .
> The soldiers mutinied and turned their guns on their officers .
# D+ NPl/V3+ VP/J VB/C VP/J D$+ NPl/V3+ J/P D$+ NPl/V3+ .
> Her words made a lasting impression on my mind .
Expand Down
36 changes: 18 additions & 18 deletions harper-core/tests/text/tagged/Part-of-speech tagging.md
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Expand Up @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
> at different times , and because some parts of speech are complex . This is not
# NSg/P NSg/J NPl/V3+ . VB/C C/P I/J/R/Dq NPl/V3 P N🅪Sg/VB+ VB NSg/VB/J . I/Ddem+ VL3 NSg/R/C
> rare — in natural languages ( as opposed to many artificial languages ) , a large
# NSg/VB/J . NPr/J/R/P NSg/J+ NPl/V3+ . R/C/P VP/J P NSg/I/J/Dq+ J+ NPl/V3+ . . D/P NSg/J
# NSg/VB/J . NPr/J/R/P NSg/J+ NPl+ . R/C/P VP/J P NSg/I/J/Dq+ J+ NPl+ . . D/P NSg/J
> percentage of word - forms are ambiguous . For example , even " dogs " , which is
# N🅪Sg P NSg/VB+ . NPl/V3+ VB J . R/C/P NSg/VB+ . NSg/VB/J/R . NPl/V3+ . . I/C+ VL3
> usually thought of as just a plural noun , can also be a verb :
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
> the plural , possessive , and singular forms can be distinguished . In many
# D NSg/J . NSg/J . VB/C NSg/J NPl/V3+ NPr/VXB NSg/VXB VP/J . NPr/J/R/P NSg/I/J/Dq+
> languages words are also marked for their " case " ( role as subject , object ,
# NPl/V3+ NPl/V3+ VB R/C VP/J R/C/P D$+ . NPr🅪Sg/VB+ . . NSg R/C/P NSg/VB/J+ . NSg/VB+ .
# NPl+ NPl/V3+ VB R/C VP/J R/C/P D$+ . NPr🅪Sg/VB+ . . NSg R/C/P NSg/VB/J+ . NSg/VB+ .
> etc. ) , grammatical gender , and so on ; while verbs are marked for tense , aspect ,
# + . . J+ N🅪Sg/VB/J+ . VB/C NSg/I/J/R/C J/P . NSg/VB/C/P NPl/V3+ VB VP/J R/C/P NSg/VB/J . N🅪Sg/VB+ .
> and other things . In some tagging systems , different inflections of the same
Expand All @@ -103,15 +103,15 @@
>
#
> In part - of - speech tagging by computer , it is typical to distinguish from 50 to
# NPr/J/R/P NSg/VB/J+ . P . N🅪Sg/VB+ NSg/Vg NSg/P NSg/VB+ . NPr/ISg+ VL3 NSg/J P VB P # P
# NPr/J/R/P NSg/VB/J+ . P . N🅪Sg/VB+ NSg/Vg NSg/P NSg+ . NPr/ISg+ VL3 NSg/J P VB P # P
> 150 separate parts of speech for English . Work on stochastic methods for tagging
# # NSg/VB/J NPl/V3 P N🅪Sg/VB R/C/P NPr🅪Sg/VB/J+ . N🅪Sg/VB J/P J NPl/V3+ R/C/P NSg/Vg
> Koine Greek ( DeRose 1990 ) has used over 1 , 000 parts of speech and found that
# ? NPr/VB/J . ? # . V3 VP/J NSg/J/P # . # NPl/V3 P N🅪Sg/VB+ VB/C NSg/VP NSg/I/C/Ddem
> about as many words were ambiguous in that language as in English . A
# J/P R/C/P NSg/I/J/Dq NPl/V3+ NSg/VPt J NPr/J/R/P NSg/I/C/Ddem N🅪Sg/VB+ R/C/P NPr/J/R/P NPr🅪Sg/VB/J+ . D/P
# J/P R/C/P NSg/I/J/Dq NPl/V3+ NSg/VPt J NPr/J/R/P NSg/I/C/Ddem N🅪Sg+ R/C/P NPr/J/R/P NPr🅪Sg/VB/J+ . D/P
> morphosyntactic descriptor in the case of morphologically rich languages is
# ? NSg NPr/J/R/P D NPr🅪Sg/VB P ? NPr/VB/J NPl/V3+ VL3
# ? NSg NPr/J/R/P D NPr🅪Sg/VB P ? NPr/VB/J NPl+ VL3
> commonly expressed using very short mnemonics , such as Ncmsan for Category = Noun ,
# R VP/J Nᴹ/Vg/J J/R NPr/VB/J/P NPl . NSg/I R/C/P ? R/C/P NSg+ . NSg/VB+ .
> Type = common , Gender = masculine , Number = singular , Case = accusative , Animate
Expand All @@ -129,23 +129,23 @@
> Europe , tag sets from the Eagles Guidelines see wide use and include versions
# NPr+ . NSg/VB+ NPl/V3 P D NPl/V3 NPl+ NSg/VB NSg/J N🅪Sg/VB+ VB/C NSg/VB NPl/V3+
> for multiple languages .
# R/C/P NSg/J/Dq NPl/V3+ .
# R/C/P NSg/J/Dq NPl+ .
>
#
> POS tagging work has been done in a variety of languages , and the set of POS
# NSg+ NSg/Vg N🅪Sg/VB+ V3 NSg/VPp NSg/VPp/J NPr/J/R/P D/P N🅪Sg P NPl/V3+ . VB/C D NPr/VBP/J P NSg+
# NSg+ NSg/Vg N🅪Sg/VB+ V3 NSg/VPp NSg/VPp/J NPr/J/R/P D/P N🅪Sg P NPl+ . VB/C D NPr/VBP/J P NSg+
> tags used varies greatly with language . Tags usually are designed to include
# NPl/V3+ VP/J NPl/V3 R P N🅪Sg/VB+ . NPl/V3+ R VB VP/J P NSg/VB
# NPl/V3+ VP/J NPl/V3 R P N🅪Sg+ . NPl/V3+ R VB VP/J P NSg/VB
> overt morphological distinctions , although this leads to inconsistencies such as
# NSg/J+ J+ NPl+ . C I/Ddem NPl/V3 P NPl NSg/I R/C/P
> case - marking for pronouns but not nouns in English , and much larger
# NPr🅪Sg/VB+ . Nᴹ/Vg/J R/C/P NPl/V3 NSg/C/P NSg/R/C NPl/V3 NPr/J/R/P NPr🅪Sg/VB/J+ . VB/C NSg/I/J/R/Dq JC
> cross - language differences . The tag sets for heavily inflected languages such as
# NPr/VB/J/P+ . N🅪Sg/VB+ NPl/VB+ . D+ NSg/VB+ NPl/V3 R/C/P R VP/J NPl/V3+ NSg/I R/C/P
# NPr/VB/J/P+ . N🅪Sg+ NPl/VB+ . D+ NSg/VB+ NPl/V3 R/C/P R VP/J NPl+ NSg/I R/C/P
> Greek and Latin can be very large ; tagging words in agglutinative languages such
# NPr/VB/J VB/C NPr/J NPr/VXB NSg/VXB J/R NSg/J . NSg/Vg NPl/V3+ NPr/J/R/P J NPl/V3+ NSg/I
# NPr/VB/J VB/C NPr/J NPr/VXB NSg/VXB J/R NSg/J . NSg/Vg NPl/V3+ NPr/J/R/P J NPl+ NSg/I
> as Inuit languages may be virtually impossible . At the other extreme , Petrov et
# R/C/P NPr/J NPl/V3+ NPr/VXB NSg/VXB R NSg/J . NSg/P D NSg/VB/J NSg/J . ? ?
# R/C/P NPr/J NPl+ NPr/VXB NSg/VXB R NSg/J . NSg/P D NSg/VB/J NSg/J . ? ?
> al. have proposed a " universal " tag set , with 12 categories ( for example , no
# ? NSg/VXB VP/J D/P . NSg/J . NSg/VB+ NPr/VBP/J . P # NPl+ . R/C/P NSg/VB+ . NSg/Dq/P
> subtypes of nouns , verbs , punctuation , and so on ) . Whether a very small set of
Expand All @@ -167,7 +167,7 @@
> Research on part - of - speech tagging has been closely tied to corpus linguistics .
# Nᴹ/VB J/P NSg/VB/J+ . P . N🅪Sg/VB+ NSg/Vg V3 NSg/VPp R VP/J P NSg Nᴹ+ .
> The first major corpus of English for computer analysis was the Brown Corpus
# D NSg/J NPr/VB/J NSg P NPr🅪Sg/VB/J R/C/P NSg/VB+ N🅪Sg+ VPt D NPr🅪Sg/VB/J NSg
# D NSg/J NPr/VB/J NSg P NPr🅪Sg/VB/J R/C/P NSg+ N🅪Sg+ VPt D NPr🅪Sg/VB/J NSg
> developed at Brown University by Henry Kučera and W. Nelson Francis , in the
# VP/J NSg/P NPr🅪Sg/VB/J NSg+ NSg/P NPr+ ? VB/C ? NPr+ NPr+ . NPr/J/R/P D
> mid - 1960s . It consists of about 1 , 000 , 000 words of running English prose text ,
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -203,7 +203,7 @@
> part - of - speech and inspired the development of similar " tagged " corpora in many
# NSg/VB/J+ . P . N🅪Sg/VB+ VB/C VP/J D N🅪Sg P NSg/J . VP/J . NPl+ NPr/J/R/P NSg/I/J/Dq
> other languages . Statistics derived by analyzing it formed the basis for most
# NSg/VB/J NPl/V3+ . NPl/V3+ VP/J NSg/P Nᴹ/Vg/J NPr/ISg+ VP/J D+ NSg+ R/C/P NSg/I/J/R/Dq
# NSg/VB/J NPl+ . NPl/V3+ VP/J NSg/P Nᴹ/Vg/J NPr/ISg+ VP/J D+ NSg+ R/C/P NSg/I/J/R/Dq
> later part - of - speech tagging systems , such as CLAWS and VOLSUNGA . However , by
# JC NSg/VB/J+ . P . N🅪Sg/VB+ NSg/Vg NPl+ . NSg/I R/C/P NPl/V3+ VB/C ? . C . NSg/P
> this time ( 2005 ) it has been superseded by larger corpora such as the 100
Expand All @@ -217,7 +217,7 @@
> For some time , part - of - speech tagging was considered an inseparable part of
# R/C/P I/J/R/Dq N🅪Sg/VB/J+ . NSg/VB/J+ . P . N🅪Sg/VB+ NSg/Vg VPt VP/J D/P NSg/J NSg/VB/J P
> natural language processing , because there are certain cases where the correct
# NSg/J N🅪Sg/VB+ Nᴹ/Vg/J+ . C/P R+ VB I/J NPl/V3+ NSg/R/C D NSg/VB/J
# NSg/J N🅪Sg+ Nᴹ/Vg/J+ . C/P R+ VB I/J NPl/V3+ NSg/R/C D NSg/VB/J
> part of speech cannot be decided without understanding the semantics or even the
# NSg/VB/J P N🅪Sg/VB+ NSg/VXB NSg/VXB NSg/VP/J C/P N🅪Sg/Vg/J+ D NPl+ NPr/C NSg/VB/J/R D
> pragmatics of the context . This is extremely expensive , especially because
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -277,7 +277,7 @@
>
#
> Eugene Charniak points out in Statistical techniques for natural language
# NPr+ ? NPl/V3+ NSg/VB/J/R/P NPr/J/R/P J NPl R/C/P NSg/J+ N🅪Sg/VB+
# NPr+ ? NPl/V3+ NSg/VB/J/R/P NPr/J/R/P J NPl R/C/P NSg/J+ N🅪Sg+
> parsing ( 1997 ) that merely assigning the most common tag to each known word and
# Nᴹ/Vg/J . # . NSg/I/C/Ddem+ R Nᴹ/Vg/J D NSg/I/J/R/Dq NSg/VB/J NSg/VB+ P Dq VPp/J NSg/VB+ VB/C
> the tag " proper noun " to all unknowns will approach 90 % accuracy because many
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -335,7 +335,7 @@
>
#
> These findings were surprisingly disruptive to the field of natural language
# I/Ddem+ NSg+ NSg/VPt R J P D NSg/VB P NSg/J+ N🅪Sg/VB+
# I/Ddem+ NSg+ NSg/VPt R J P D NSg/VB P NSg/J+ N🅪Sg+
> processing . The accuracy reported was higher than the typical accuracy of very
# Nᴹ/Vg/J+ . D+ N🅪Sg+ VP/J VPt NSg/JC C/P D NSg/J N🅪Sg P J/R
> sophisticated algorithms that integrated part of speech choice with many higher
Expand All @@ -351,7 +351,7 @@
> levels of processing ; this , in turn , simplified the theory and practice of
# NPl/V3 P Nᴹ/Vg/J+ . I/Ddem+ . NPr/J/R/P NSg/VB . VP/J D N🅪Sg VB/C NSg/VB P
> computerized language analysis and encouraged researchers to find ways to
# VP/J N🅪Sg/VB+ N🅪Sg+ VB/C VP/J NPl+ P NSg/VB NPl+ P
# VP/J N🅪Sg+ N🅪Sg+ VB/C VP/J NPl+ P NSg/VB NPl+ P
> separate other pieces as well . Markov Models became the standard method for the
# NSg/VB/J NSg/VB/J NPl/V3+ R/C/P NSg/VB/J/R . NPr NPl/V3+ VPt D NSg/J NSg/VB+ R/C/P D
> part - of - speech assignment .
Expand All @@ -367,7 +367,7 @@
> learn tag probabilities . It is , however , also possible to bootstrap using
# NSg/VB NSg/VB+ NPl+ . NPr/ISg+ VL3 . C . R/C NSg/J P NSg/VB Nᴹ/Vg/J
> " unsupervised " tagging . Unsupervised tagging techniques use an untagged corpus
# . VB/J . NSg/Vg . VB/J NSg/Vg NPl+ N🅪Sg/VB D/P J NSg+
# . VB/J . NSg/Vg . VB/J NSg/Vg NPl+ N🅪Sg/VB D/P VP/J NSg+
> for their training data and produce the tagset by induction . That is , they
# R/C/P D$+ Nᴹ/Vg/J+ N🅪Pl+ VB/C Nᴹ/VB D NSg NSg/P N🅪Sg . NSg/I/C/Ddem+ VL3 . IPl+
> observe patterns in word use , and derive part - of - speech categories themselves .
Expand Down
6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions harper-core/tests/text/tagged/Spell.US.md
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Expand Up @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
>
#
> Labelled .
# VB/J/Comm .
# VP/J/Comm .
>
#
> Flavour .
Expand All @@ -47,11 +47,11 @@
>
#
> Quarrelled .
# VB/Comm .
# VP/Comm .
>
#
> Quarrelling .
# Nᴹ/VB/Comm .
# Nᴹ/Vg/Comm .
>
#
> Recognised .
Expand Down
10 changes: 5 additions & 5 deletions harper-core/tests/text/tagged/The Constitution of the United States.md
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>
#
> To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas , and
# P NSg/VB/J VB/C VB ? VB/C NPl VB/J J/P D NSg/VB/J/R NPl+ . VB/C
# P NSg/VB/J VB/C VB ? VB/C NPl VP/J J/P D NSg/VB/J/R NPl+ . VB/C
> Offences against the Law of Nations ;
# NPl/Comm C/P D N🅪Sg/VB P NPl+ .
>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1149,7 +1149,7 @@
> such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been
# NSg/I NSg/VB/J+ VXB NSg/VXB VP NPr/J/R/P D N🅪Sg/VB+ NSg/R/C D VP/J NPl/V3+ VXB NSg/VXB NSg/VPp
> committed ; but when not committed within any State , the Trial shall be at such
# VB/J . NSg/C/P NSg/I/C NSg/R/C VB/J NSg/J/P I/R/Dq N🅪Sg/VB+ . D NSg/VB/J+ VXB NSg/VXB NSg/P NSg/I
# VP/J . NSg/C/P NSg/I/C NSg/R/C VP/J NSg/J/P I/R/Dq N🅪Sg/VB+ . D NSg/VB/J+ VXB NSg/VXB NSg/P NSg/I
> Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed .
# N🅪Sg/VB NPr/C NPl/V3+ R/C/P D NPr/VB+ NPr/VXB NSg/P N🅪Sg/VB+ NSg/VXB VP/J .
>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1215,7 +1215,7 @@
> public trial , by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime
# Nᴹ/VB/J NSg/VB/J+ . NSg/P D/P J NSg/VB/J P D N🅪Sg/VB+ VB/C NSg/VB/J+ C D N🅪Sg/VB+
> shall have been committed , which district shall have been previously
# VXB NSg/VXB NSg/VPp VB/J . I/C+ NSg/VB/J+ VXB NSg/VXB NSg/VPp R
# VXB NSg/VXB NSg/VPp VP/J . I/C+ NSg/VB/J+ VXB NSg/VXB NSg/VPp R
> ascertained by law , and to be informed of the nature and cause of the
# VP/J NSg/P N🅪Sg/VB+ . VB/C P NSg/VXB VP/J P D N🅪Sg/VB+ VB/C N🅪Sg/VB/C P D
> accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses against him ; to have compulsory
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> The validity of the public debt of the United States ,
# D NSg P D Nᴹ/VB/J N🅪Sg P D+ VP/J NPrPl/V3+ .
> authorized by law , including debts incurred for payment of pensions and
# VP/J NSg/P N🅪Sg/VB+ . Nᴹ/Vg/J NPl+ VB R/C/P N🅪Sg P NPl/V3 VB/C
# VP/J NSg/P N🅪Sg/VB+ . Nᴹ/Vg/J NPl+ VP R/C/P N🅪Sg P NPl/V3 VB/C
> bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion , shall not be
# NPl/V3 R/C/P NPl/V3+ NPr/J/R/P Nᴹ/Vg/J N🅪Sg NPr/C N🅪Sg+ . VXB NSg/R/C NSg/VXB
> questioned . But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any
# VP/J . NSg/C/P I/C D VP/J NPrPl/V3+ NSg/C I/R/Dq+ N🅪Sg/VB+ VXB VB NPr/C NSg/VB/J I/R/Dq
> debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the
# N🅪Sg NPr/C N🅪Sg+ VB NPr/J/R/P N🅪Sg/VB P N🅪Sg NPr/C N🅪Sg+ C/P D
# N🅪Sg NPr/C N🅪Sg+ VP NPr/J/R/P N🅪Sg/VB P N🅪Sg NPr/C N🅪Sg+ C/P D
> United States , or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave ; but all
# VP/J NPrPl/V3+ . NPr/C I/R/Dq NSg/VB+ R/C/P D N🅪Sg/VB+ NPr/C NSg P I/R/Dq NSg/VB+ . NSg/C/P NSg/I/J/C/Dq
> such debts , obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void .
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