fix(hardsubx): Fix heap corruption from Rust/C allocator mismatch

CI_TRIAGE_DEC_2025.md

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# CI Test Triage - December 2025
+
+This PR is used to trigger CI runs and track the triage of failing regression tests.
+
+## Purpose
+
+Several PRs have been merged recently that improved CCExtractor behavior, but the Sample Platform
+considers them regressions because the "ground truth" baseline is outdated. This PR helps:
+
+1. Get a fresh CI run against current master
+2. Systematically analyze each failing test
+3. Determine whether to update ground truth or fix code
+
+## Failing Tests to Triage
+
+Will be populated after CI run completes.
+
+## Status
+
+- [ ] CI run triggered
+- [ ] Results analyzed
+- [ ] Triage decisions made

src/lib_ccx/general_loop.c

@@ -1479,6 +1479,17 @@ int rcwt_loop(struct lib_ccx_ctx *ctx)
 	} // end while(1)
 
 	dbg_print(CCX_DMT_PARSE, "Processed %d bytes\n", bread);
+
+	/* Check if captions were found via other paths (CEA-608 writes directly
+	   to encoder without setting got_output). Similar to general_loop logic. */
+	if (!caps && enc_ctx != NULL)
+	{
+		if (enc_ctx->srt_counter || enc_ctx->cea_708_counter || dec_ctx->saw_caption_block)
+		{
+			caps = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
 	/* Free XDS context - similar to cleanup in general_loop */
 	free(dec_ctx->xds_ctx);
 	free(parsebuf);

src/lib_ccx/hardsubx.c

@@ -121,6 +121,8 @@ int hardsubx_process_data(struct lib_hardsubx_ctx *ctx, struct lib_ccx_ctx *ctx_
 
 	// Free the allocated memory for frame processing
 	av_free(ctx->rgb_buffer);
+	if (ctx->sws_ctx)
+		sws_freeContext(ctx->sws_ctx);
 	if (ctx->frame)
 		av_frame_free(&ctx->frame);
 	if (ctx->rgb_frame)
@@ -283,7 +285,7 @@ struct lib_hardsubx_ctx *_init_hardsubx(struct ccx_s_options *options)
 
 	free(pars_vec);
 	free(pars_values);
-	free(tessdata_path);
+	// Note: tessdata_path points to static string or getenv() result, do NOT free
 	if (ret != 0)
 	{
 		free(ctx);
@@ -336,8 +338,11 @@ void _dinit_hardsubx(struct lib_hardsubx_ctx **ctx)
 	TessBaseAPIEnd(lctx->tess_handle);
 	TessBaseAPIDelete(lctx->tess_handle);
 
+	// Free basefilename (allocated by get_basename in _init_hardsubx)
+	freep(&lctx->basefilename);
+
 	// Free subtitle
-	freep(lctx->dec_sub);
+	freep(&lctx->dec_sub);
 	freep(ctx);
 }
 

src/lib_ccx/hardsubx.h

@@ -116,6 +116,10 @@ int64_t convert_pts_to_s(int64_t pts, AVRational time_base);
 int is_valid_trailing_char(char c);
 char *prune_string(char *s);
 
+// Rust memory management - strings returned from Rust must be freed with this function
+// DO NOT use free() on strings returned from _process_frame_white_basic, _process_frame_color_basic, etc.
+void free_rust_c_string(char *ptr);
+
 #endif
 
 #endif

src/lib_ccx/hardsubx_decoder.c

@@ -210,6 +210,7 @@ void hardsubx_process_frames_linear(struct lib_hardsubx_ctx *ctx, struct encoder
 						if (dist < (0.2 * MIN(strlen(subtitle_text), strlen(prev_subtitle_text))))
 						{
 							dist = -1;
+							free_rust_c_string(subtitle_text);
 							subtitle_text = NULL;
 							prev_end_time = convert_pts_to_ms(ctx->packet.pts, ctx->format_ctx->streams[ctx->video_stream_id]->time_base);
 						}
@@ -219,6 +220,7 @@ void hardsubx_process_frames_linear(struct lib_hardsubx_ctx *ctx, struct encoder
 						add_cc_sub_text(ctx->dec_sub, prev_subtitle_text, prev_begin_time, prev_end_time, "", "BURN", CCX_ENC_UTF_8);
 						encode_sub(enc_ctx, ctx->dec_sub);
 						prev_begin_time = prev_end_time + 1;
+						free(prev_subtitle_text);
 						prev_subtitle_text = NULL;
 						prev_sub_encoded = 1;
 						prev_end_time = convert_pts_to_ms(ctx->packet.pts, ctx->format_ctx->streams[ctx->video_stream_id]->time_base);
@@ -252,6 +254,10 @@ void hardsubx_process_frames_linear(struct lib_hardsubx_ctx *ctx, struct encoder
 					prev_sub_encoded = 0;
 				}
 				prev_packet_pts = ctx->packet.pts;
+
+				// Free subtitle_text from this iteration (was allocated by Rust in _process_frame_*_basic)
+				free_rust_c_string(subtitle_text);
+				subtitle_text = NULL;
 			}
 		}
 		av_packet_unref(&ctx->packet);
@@ -263,6 +269,9 @@ void hardsubx_process_frames_linear(struct lib_hardsubx_ctx *ctx, struct encoder
 		encode_sub(enc_ctx, ctx->dec_sub);
 		prev_sub_encoded = 1;
 	}
+
+	// Cleanup
+	free(prev_subtitle_text);
 	activity_progress(100, cur_sec / 60, cur_sec % 60);
 }
 
@@ -488,6 +497,7 @@ void process_hardsubx_linear_frames_and_normal_subs(struct lib_hardsubx_ctx *har
 								if (dist < (0.2 * MIN(strlen(subtitle_text_hard), strlen(prev_subtitle_text_hard))))
 								{
 									dist = -1;
+									free_rust_c_string(subtitle_text_hard);
 									subtitle_text_hard = NULL;
 									prev_end_time_hard = convert_pts_to_ms(hard_ctx->packet.pts, hard_ctx->format_ctx->streams[hard_ctx->video_stream_id]->time_base);
 								}
@@ -497,6 +507,7 @@ void process_hardsubx_linear_frames_and_normal_subs(struct lib_hardsubx_ctx *har
 								add_cc_sub_text(hard_ctx->dec_sub, prev_subtitle_text_hard, prev_begin_time_hard, prev_end_time_hard, "", "BURN", CCX_ENC_UTF_8);
 								encode_sub(enc_ctx, hard_ctx->dec_sub);
 								prev_begin_time_hard = prev_end_time_hard + 1;
+								free(prev_subtitle_text_hard);
 								prev_subtitle_text_hard = NULL;
 								prev_sub_encoded_hard = 1;
 								prev_end_time_hard = convert_pts_to_ms(hard_ctx->packet.pts, hard_ctx->format_ctx->streams[hard_ctx->video_stream_id]->time_base);
@@ -517,6 +528,10 @@ void process_hardsubx_linear_frames_and_normal_subs(struct lib_hardsubx_ctx *har
 							prev_sub_encoded_hard = 0;
 						}
 						prev_packet_pts_hard = hard_ctx->packet.pts;
+
+						// Free subtitle_text_hard from this iteration (allocated by Rust)
+						free_rust_c_string(subtitle_text_hard);
+						subtitle_text_hard = NULL;
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -529,6 +544,9 @@ void process_hardsubx_linear_frames_and_normal_subs(struct lib_hardsubx_ctx *har
 		encode_sub(enc_ctx, hard_ctx->dec_sub);
 		prev_sub_encoded_hard = 1;
 	}
+
+	// Cleanup
+	free(prev_subtitle_text_hard);
 	activity_progress(100, cur_sec / 60, cur_sec % 60);
 }
 

src/rust/src/hardsubx/classifier.rs

@@ -22,40 +22,49 @@ use log::warn;
 /// # Safety
 /// The function accepts and dereferences a raw pointer
 /// The function also makes calls to functions whose safety is not guaranteed
-/// The function returns a raw pointer which is a string made in C
+/// The function returns a raw pointer which is a string allocated by Rust
+/// The caller must free this with the appropriate method (or let Rust handle it)
 /// ctx should be not null
 #[no_mangle]
 pub unsafe extern "C" fn get_ocr_text_simple_threshold(
     ctx: *mut lib_hardsubx_ctx,
     image: *mut Pix,
     threshold: std::os::raw::c_float,
 ) -> *mut ::std::os::raw::c_char {
-    let mut text_out: *mut ::std::os::raw::c_char;
-
     TessBaseAPISetImage2((*ctx).tess_handle, image);
 
     if TessBaseAPIRecognize((*ctx).tess_handle, null::<ETEXT_DESC>() as *mut ETEXT_DESC) != 0 {
         warn!("Error in Tesseract recognition, skipping frame\n");
-        null::<c_char>() as *mut c_char
-    } else {
-        text_out = TessBaseAPIGetUTF8Text((*ctx).tess_handle);
+        return null::<c_char>() as *mut c_char;
+    }
 
-        if text_out == null::<c_char>() as *mut c_char {
-            warn!("Error getting text, skipping frame\n");
-        }
+    let tess_text = TessBaseAPIGetUTF8Text((*ctx).tess_handle);
 
-        if threshold > 0.0 {
-            // non-zero conf, only then we'll make the call to check for confidence
-            let conf = TessBaseAPIMeanTextConf((*ctx).tess_handle);
+    if tess_text == null::<c_char>() as *mut c_char {
+        warn!("Error getting text, skipping frame\n");
+        return null::<c_char>() as *mut c_char;
+    }
 
-            if (conf as std::os::raw::c_float) < threshold {
-                text_out = null::<c_char>() as *mut c_char;
-            } else {
-                (*ctx).cur_conf = conf as std::os::raw::c_float;
-            }
+    if threshold > 0.0 {
+        // non-zero conf, only then we'll make the call to check for confidence
+        let conf = TessBaseAPIMeanTextConf((*ctx).tess_handle);
+
+        if (conf as std::os::raw::c_float) < threshold {
+            TessDeleteText(tess_text);
+            return null::<c_char>() as *mut c_char;
+        } else {
+            (*ctx).cur_conf = conf as std::os::raw::c_float;
         }
-        text_out
     }
+
+    // Convert Tesseract string to Rust-owned string, then free Tesseract's allocation
+    let rust_string = ffi::CStr::from_ptr(tess_text)
+        .to_string_lossy()
+        .into_owned();
+    TessDeleteText(tess_text);
+
+    // Return a Rust-allocated C string that can be safely freed with standard free()
+    string_to_c_char(&rust_string)
 }
 
 /// basically the get_oct_text_simple function without threshold

src/rust/src/hardsubx/decoder.rs

@@ -32,6 +32,18 @@ static HARDSUBX_OCRMODE_WORD: i32 = 1;
 //     HARDSUBX_OCRMODE_LETTER
 // };
 
+/// Helper function to convert a Rust-allocated C string to an owned String
+/// Takes ownership of the memory and frees it properly
+unsafe fn cstring_to_owned(ptr: *mut c_char) -> String {
+    if ptr.is_null() {
+        return String::new();
+    }
+    match ffi::CString::from_raw(ptr).into_string() {
+        Ok(s) => s,
+        Err(_) => String::new(),
+    }
+}
+
 /// # Safety
 /// dereferences a raw pointer
 /// calls functions that are not necessarily safe
@@ -40,29 +52,15 @@ pub unsafe fn dispatch_classifier_functions(ctx: *mut lib_hardsubx_ctx, im: *mut
     match (*ctx).ocr_mode {
         0 => {
             let ret_char_arr = get_ocr_text_simple_threshold(ctx, im, (*ctx).conf_thresh);
-            let text_out_result = ffi::CString::from_raw(ret_char_arr).into_string();
-            match text_out_result {
-                Ok(T) => T,
-                Err(_E) => "".to_string(),
-            }
+            cstring_to_owned(ret_char_arr)
         }
         1 => {
             let ret_char_arr = get_ocr_text_wordwise_threshold(ctx, im, (*ctx).conf_thresh);
-            if ret_char_arr.is_null() {
-                "".to_string()
-            } else {
-                ffi::CStr::from_ptr(ret_char_arr)
-                    .to_string_lossy()
-                    .into_owned()
-            }
+            cstring_to_owned(ret_char_arr)
         }
         2 => {
             let ret_char_arr = get_ocr_text_letterwise_threshold(ctx, im, (*ctx).conf_thresh);
-            let text_out_result = ffi::CString::from_raw(ret_char_arr).into_string();
-            match text_out_result {
-                Ok(T) => T,
-                Err(_E) => "".to_string(),
-            }
+            cstring_to_owned(ret_char_arr)
         }
 
         _ => {

src/rust/src/utils.rs

@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@ pub fn string_to_c_char(a: &str) -> *mut ::std::os::raw::c_char {
 /// # Safety
 /// The pointer must have been allocated by `string_to_c_char` (i.e., `CString::into_raw`)
 /// or be null. Passing a pointer allocated by C's malloc will cause undefined behavior.
-pub unsafe fn free_rust_c_string(ptr: *mut ::std::os::raw::c_char) {
+#[no_mangle]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn free_rust_c_string(ptr: *mut ::std::os::raw::c_char) {
     if !ptr.is_null() {
         // Reclaim ownership and drop the CString, which frees the memory
         let _ = ffi::CString::from_raw(ptr);