Dockerize the mkdocs dev server

[ahouseholder]

• resolves Dockerize the mkdocs dev server #582

This PR modularizes the existing Dockerfile to let us have different targets for test and docs. It also adds a Makefile to reduce the need for folks to remember complicated docker commands.

% make
Usage: make [target]

Targets:
 all         - Display this help message
 docs        - Build and run the docs Docker image
 docker_test - Build and run the test Docker image

 dockerbuild_test - Build the test Docker image
 dockerrun_test   - Run the test Docker image
 dockerbuild_docs - Build the docs Docker image
 dockerrun_docs   - Run the docs Docker image

 clean - Remove the Docker images
 help  - Display this help message

Copilot summary

This pull request includes significant updates to the Docker setup, Makefile, and README documentation to streamline the development workflow and improve clarity on how to build and run the project. Below are the most important changes:

Dockerfile Improvements:

• Introduced multi-stage builds to separate base, dependencies, test, and docs stages for better modularity and efficiency.
• Added pip install --upgrade pip to ensure the latest version of pip is used.
• Updated the COPY commands to simplify file inclusion and set the PYTHONPATH environment variable.

Makefile Additions:

• Added project-specific variables and targets to build and run Docker images for testing and documentation.
• Included clean target to remove Docker images and help target to display usage instructions.

Documentation Enhancements:

• Updated the README to include instructions for building and running the site and tests using Docker and Makefile commands. [1] [2]
• Provided alternative commands for users who do not have make installed. [1] [2]

[sei-vsarvepalli]

May need to reset this to an earlier commit and catch up with the changes. The lint checks will also need to be satisfied in the markdown format.

[ahouseholder]

May need to reset this to an earlier commit and catch up with the changes. The lint checks will also need to be satisfied in the markdown format.

Should be fixed as of 3d2b1a2, will know in a moment.

Edit to add: markdownlint succeeded on 3d2b1a2

[ahouseholder]

Converting back to draft until i have a chance to address feedback above.