A compact, DIY Smart Blind Stick project using Arduino Nano, Ultrasonic Sensor, RF module, and LDR to assist visually impaired individuals. It detects nearby obstacles, warns in extreme light/dark conditions, and includes a remote locator feature using a 433MHz RF link.
- Detect obstacles using Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04)
- Warns in low or high ambient light using LDR
- RF-based remote locator for stick retrieval
- Compact, soldered perfboard circuit
- Adaptive buzzer alert based on sensor input
| Component | Description |
|---|---|
| Arduino Nano | Main controller |
| Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04) | For obstacle detection |
| LDR | Detects lighting conditions |
| Buzzer & LED | For audio-visual feedback |
| 433MHz RF Tx/Rx Modules | Remote locator communication |
| 7805 Voltage Regulator | Powers 5V rail from 9V battery |
| 9V Batteries (x2) | Power for main unit and remote |
| Push Button | For remote activation |
| Resistors & Capacitors | As per circuit requirement |
| Perfboard | Permanent circuit assembly |
| Soldering Kit | To assemble components |
- Arduino Nano handles sensor readings and logic
- Ultrasonic sensor measures obstacle distance
- LDR monitors brightness levels
- RF Receiver listens for locate signal from transmitter
- Buzzer provides alerts
- Simple RF transmitter with push button
- Sends signal to locate the stick
| Functionality | Trigger Condition | Output |
|---|---|---|
| Obstacle Detection | Distance < 50cm | Buzzer beeps faster as object nears |
| Light Intensity Monitoring | Light < 200 or Light > 800 (via LDR) | Buzzer pattern alert |
| Stick Locator via RF | Remote button pressed | Buzzer long beep |
| Issue | Possible Cause / Fix |
|---|---|
| No buzzer sound | Check pin 12 and power to buzzer |
| Distance readings incorrect | Sensor not powered or misaligned |
| Remote not triggering | Check RF antenna length and battery voltage |
| False light alarms | Adjust LDR placement and code thresholds |
| Battery draining quickly | Use efficient power supply and check for shorts |
- Navigation aid for visually impaired individuals
- Prototyping for assistive devices
- Educational use in sensor-based projects
- Add GPS for outdoor navigation
- Vibrator motor instead of buzzer for silent alerts
- Rechargeable Li-ion battery with USB charging
- Add voice alert using DFPlayer Mini MP3 module
- Bluetooth interface for smartphone integration
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Detection Range | Up to 400cm (50cm trigger) |
| Light Sensitivity | Adjustable via code |
| RF Frequency | 433MHz |
| Input Voltage | 9V regulated to 5V via 7805 |
| Output Device | Buzzer (can replace with motor) |
| Microcontroller | Arduino Nano |
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How much coding skill do I need?
Basic Arduino programming with analog/digital pins anddelay()functions is sufficient. -
Can I customize the alert tones?
Yes, edit thedelay()values and logic inloop()as needed. -
Battery life?
8–12 hours with 9V alkaline battery. For better performance, use Li-ion with charger module. -
Can I add Bluetooth or GPS?
Absolutely. The code is modular and easily extendable with additional libraries and modules.
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Built with ❤️ by Circuit Digest
Assistive Tech Made Simple
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