feat: validators return specific error classes

[jkowalleck]

part of

• Validation errors are hard to present safely to the user (missing abstraction) #827

in preparation for

• [WIP] feat!: useful validation errors #836

[codacy-production]

Coverage summary from Codacy

See diff coverage on Codacy

Coverage variation	Diff coverage
✅ +0.01%	✅ 100.00% (target: 80.00%)

Coverage variation details

	Coverable lines	Covered lines	Coverage
Common ancestor commit (34a11aa)	5628	5267	93.59%
Head commit (0b765bc)	5636 (+8)	5275 (+8)	93.59% (+0.01%)

Coverage variation is the difference between the coverage for the head and common ancestor commits of the pull request branch: <coverage of head commit> - <coverage of common ancestor commit>

Diff coverage details

	Coverable lines	Covered lines	Diff coverage
Pull request (#840)	17	17	100.00%

Diff coverage is the percentage of lines that are covered by tests out of the coverable lines that the pull request added or modified: <covered lines added or modified>/<coverable lines added or modified> * 100%

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[jkowalleck]

this was released via https://github.com/CycloneDX/cyclonedx-python-lib/releases/tag/v10.4.0