Closes #2056

Resulted from the discussion in #1528 - which can be closed afterwards.

Describe your changes here:

This PR introduces a new github workflow that tests t8code with Clang and OpenMPI. To not bloat the runtime, it only uses Debug mode, MPI ON, and no external libraries like VTK - which however, may easily be changed later if we decide we need that.
Note that the workflow uses an own docker image, that is created based on the new Dockerfile introduced in DLR-AMR/t8code-docker-images#3 (this PR is not merged yet, but the docker image has already been published by its CI workflow).

Don't worry, I will squash the commits before merging 😆

All these boxes must be checked by the AUTHOR before requesting review:

• The PR is small enough to be reviewed easily. If not, consider splitting up the changes in multiple PRs.
• The title starts with one of the following prefixes: Documentation:, Bugfix:, Feature:, Improvement: or Other:.
• If the PR is related to an issue, make sure to link it.
• The author made sure that, as a reviewer, he/she would check all boxes below.

All these boxes must be checked by the REVIEWERS before merging the pull request:

As a reviewer please read through all the code lines and make sure that the code is fully understood, bug free, well-documented and well-structured.

General

• The reviewer executed the new code features at least once and checked the results manually.
• The code follows the t8code coding guidelines.
• New source/header files are properly added to the CMake files.
• The code is well documented. In particular, all function declarations, structs/classes and their members have a proper doxygen documentation. Make sure to add a file documentation for each file!
• All new algorithms and data structures are sufficiently optimal in terms of memory and runtime (If this should be merged, but there is still potential for optimization, create a new issue).

Tests

• The code is covered in an existing or new test case using Google Test.
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• Valgrind doesn't find any bugs in the new code. This script can be used to check for errors; see also this wiki article.

If the Pull request introduces code that is not covered by the github action (for example coupling with a new library):

• Should this use case be added to the github action?
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Scripts and Wiki

• If a new directory with source files is added, it must be covered by the script/find_all_source_files.scp to check the indentation of these files.
• If this PR introduces a new feature, it must be covered in an example or tutorial and a Wiki article.

License

• The author added a BSD statement to doc/ (or already has one).