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Causal Pathways

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yidanedencao edited this page Jun 11, 2024 · 9 revisions

Precision Feedback Causal Pathways

Goal Approach Causal Pathway

This pathway describes the influence of feedback interventions that show the message recipient that their performance is improving, and is approaching an explicit performance goal. This goal is institutional, and invariate with changes to peer performance.

Preconditions

Preconditions for Goal approach are factors that are necessary for the success of the feedback intervention using this pathway. The Goal approach pathway has the following preconditions:

Information content preconditions:

  1. Goal comparator content (BP)
  2. Negative performance gap content (BP)
  3. Positive performance trend content (BP)

Message preconditions:

  1. Goal comparator element (BP)
  2. Negative performance gap set (BP)
  3. Positive performance trend set (BP)

Moderators

Moderators are factors that inhibit or promote the influence of the feedback intervention on the recipient. The Goal approach causal pathway has the following moderators:

  1. Message recency - The number of months since this message was delivered previously.
  2. Message delivery count - How many times has the recipient previously received this message in the last year?
  3. Regulatory fit - To what extent is this message aligned with characteristics of the behavior/task, context, and recipient personality, with regard to motivation to avoid negative outcomes / problem (prevention focus), or motivation to achieve positive outcomes / develop and learn (promotion focus)?
  4. Gap size - How large is the gap between the recipient's performance level and that of the social comparator?
  5. Slope of trend

Mechanisms

Mechanisms are factors that the intervention operates through to influence the feedback recipient. Adapted from Carey et. al. 2019. The goal approach pathway has the following mechanisms:

  1. Awareness (knowledge): The message may change the recipient's awareness of their own performance and of institutional performance goals.
  2. Goals: The message may create or reinforce mental representations of outcomes or end states that an individual wants to achieve relative to their clinical performance.
  3. Motivation: The message may give the recipient purpose or direction towards changing their own performance.
  4. Optimism: The message may increase the recipient's confidence that things will happen for the best or that desired performance goals will be attained.

Outcomes

The expected outcome of a successful goal approach pathway precision feedback intervention is clinical process performance improvement.

Goal Gain Causal Pathway

The goal gain causal pathway describes the influence of feedback interventions that show the recipient that their performance is better than that of an explicit goal, such as the performance threshold set by MPOG.

Preconditions

Preconditions for goal gain are factors that are necessary for the success of the feedback intervention that uses the goal gain pathway. The goal gain pathway has the following preconditions:

Information content preconditions:

  1. Goal comparator content (BP)
  2. Positive performance gap content (BP)
  3. Positive performance trend content (BP)
  4. Achievement content (BP)

Message preconditions:

  1. Goal comparator element (BP)
  2. Positive performance gap set (BP)
  3. Positive performance trend set (BP)
  4. Achievement set (BP)

Moderators

Moderators are factors that inhibit or promote the influence of the feedback intervention on the recipient. The goal gain causal pathway has the following moderators:

  1. Message recency - The number of months since the message was delivered previously.
  2. Message delivery count - How many times has the recipient previously received this message in the last year?
  3. Regulatory fit - To what extent is the message aligned to the behavior/task's characteristics, context, and recipient personality (motivated by bad outcome prevention vs. good outcome promotion).
  4. Gap size - How large is the gap between the recipient's performance level and that of the social comparator?
  5. Slope of trend - Derivative of the performance measure in the time domain
  6. Time since last loss

Mechanisms

Mechanisms are factors that the intervention operates through to influence the feedback recipient. Adapted from Carey et. al. 2019. The goal gain pathway has the following mechanisms:

  1. Awareness (knowledge): The message may change the recipient's awareness of their own performance and of institutional performance goals.
  2. Goals: The message may create or reinforce mental representations of outcomes or end states that an individual wants to achieve, relative to their clinical performance.
  3. Motivation: The message may give the recipient purpose or direction towards changing their own performance.

Outcomes

The expected outcome of the successful influence of an email that uses the goal gain pathway is clinical process performance improvement or sustainment.

Causal pathway models Message templates Prioritization algorithms

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