Better GSM tracing and metrics

[amesgen]

Description

Three commits:

1. More consistent naming

2. Higher severities for the GSM state transition messages. These are very rare, and (especially with Genesis enabled) strongly influence the behavior of a node, so Notice seems appropriate. GsmEventLeaveCaughtUp indicates that something is wrong as the chain isn't growing from the perspective of the node, so Warning is advisable.

3. Add a metric for the GSM state (cardano_node_metrics_GSM_state_int) which encodes PreSyncing = 0, Syncing = 1 and CaughtUp = 2. Tooling such as Grafana can then easily display the GSM state over time.

Currently, the initial GSM state isn't traced, this is fixed by IntersectMBO/ouroboros-consensus#1628

Works towards IntersectMBO/ouroboros-consensus#1530

Checklist

• Commit sequence broadly makes sense and commits have useful messages
• New tests are added if needed and existing tests are updated. These may include:
  • golden tests
  • property tests
  • roundtrip tests
  • integration tests
    See Runnings tests for more details
• Any changes are noted in the CHANGELOG.md for affected package
• The version bounds in .cabal files are updated
• CI passes. See note on CI. The following CI checks are required:
  • Code is linted with hlint. See .github/workflows/check-hlint.yml to get the hlint version
  • Code is formatted with stylish-haskell. See .github/workflows/stylish-haskell.yml to get the stylish-haskell version
  • Code builds on Linux, MacOS and Windows for ghc-9.6 and ghc-9.12
• Self-reviewed the diff

Note on CI

If your PR is from a fork, the necessary CI jobs won't trigger automatically for security reasons.
You will need to get someone with write privileges. Please contact IOG node developers to do this
for you.

[jutaro]

LGTM