syntax: Disallow using @goto to skip finally blocks

[IanButterworth]

Add syntax errors when @goto is used to jump out of try, catch, or else blocks when a finally block is present.

Fixes #60972

[Keno]

In the unlikely event that pkgeval comes back negative, I will note that it is possible to use syntax evolution to detect the syntax version of the calling module.

[oscardssmith]

Triage likes this (especially that it parallels goto within try with finally)

julia> function f()
           try
               @goto hi
           catch
               return 1
           finally
              return 3
           end
           @label hi
           return 2
       end
ERROR: syntax: goto from a try/finally block is not permitted around REPL[6]:2
Stacktrace:
 [1] top-level scope
   @ REPL[6]:1

Triage also thinks that this should probably done via syntax evolution (potentially with a deprecation warning). We built ourselves a mechanism for evolving the language syntax so we should be using it.

[oscardssmith]

@nanosoldier runtests()