Migrate to pre-commit

[hendrikmuhs]

replace the custom check style script with pre-commit. Fixes the long-existing problem of clang-format inconsistencies, by installing a fixed version of clang-format from pip.

[hendrikmuhs]

eventually this should run on all files. However at the moment I see too many cpplint errors to be fixed.

[hendrikmuhs]

Next steps:

• hooks for python, rust
• eventually run hooks on all files
• enable check on push

Discarded

• originally I wanted to migrate clang-tidy to a hook, unfortunately I can not get it configured so it does not report on 3rdparty stuff
  • so for clang-tidy we could use https://github.com/marketplace/actions/c-c-linter