docker: update building base docker images for last CUDA & py3.10

[Borda]

What does this PR do?

needed for bumping base images with LitGPT and trying to resolve some failing tests

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📚 Documentation preview 📚: https://pytorch-lightning--20844.org.readthedocs.build/en/20844/

[github-actions]

⚡ Required checks status: All passing 🟢

Groups summary

🟢 pytorch_lightning: Docker

Check ID	Status
build-cuda (3.10, 2.1.2, 12.1.1)	success	✅
build-cuda (3.11, 2.2.2, 12.1.1)	success	✅
build-cuda (3.11, 2.3.1, 12.1.1)	success	✅
build-cuda (3.11, 2.4.1, 12.1.1)	success	✅
build-cuda (3.12, 2.5.1, 12.1.1)	success	✅
build-cuda (3.12, 2.6.0, 12.4.1)	success	✅
build-pl (3.10, 2.1, 12.1.1)	success	✅
build-pl (3.11, 2.2, 12.1.1)	success	✅
build-pl (3.11, 2.3, 12.1.1)	success	✅
build-pl (3.11, 2.4, 12.1.1)	success	✅
build-pl (3.12, 2.5, 12.1.1)	success	✅
build-pl (3.12, 2.6, 12.4.1)	success	✅
build-pl (3.12, 2.7, 12.6.3, true)	success	✅

These checks are required after the changes to .github/workflows/docker-build.yml.

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Thank you for your contribution! 💜

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