Create NewFile.cpp

src/01/Challenge/NewFile.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+// rational.cpp by Bill Weinman [bw.org]
+// updated 2022-07-21
+#include <format>
+#include <string>
+
+using std::string;
+
+// format-style print()
+constexpr void print(const std::string_view str_fmt, auto&&... args) {
+    fputs(std::vformat(str_fmt, std::make_format_args(args...)).c_str(), stdout);
+}
+
+const string nanstr {"[NAN]"};
+
+class Rational {
+    int n {0};
+    int d {1};
+public:
+    Rational(int numerator = 0, int denominator = 1) : n(numerator), d(denominator) {}
+    Rational(const Rational& rhs) : n(rhs.n), d(rhs.d) {}    // copy constructor
+    ~Rational();
+    int numerator() const { return n; };
+    int denominator() const { return d; };
+    Rational reduce() const;    // reduce fraction
+    string str() const;         // return a formatted STL string
+    string raw_str() const;     // return a non-reduced STL string
+    Rational& operator = (const Rational&);  // assignment
+    Rational operator + (const Rational&) const;
+    Rational operator - (const Rational&) const;
+    Rational operator * (const Rational&) const;
+    Rational operator / (const Rational&) const;
+};
+
+Rational Rational::reduce() const {
+    if(n == 0 || d <= 3) return *this;
+    for(auto div = d - 1; div; --div) {
+        if(n % div == 0 && d % div == 0) {
+            return Rational(n / div, d / div );
+        }
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+string Rational::str() const {
+    if(d == 0) return nanstr;
+    if(d == 1 || n == 0) return std::to_string(n);
+
+    auto abs_n = abs(n);     // absolute value
+    if(abs_n > d) {
+        auto whole = n / d;
+        auto remainder = abs_n % d;
+        if(remainder) return std::to_string(whole) + " " + Rational(remainder, d).str();
+        else return std::to_string(whole);
+    } else {
+        return reduce().raw_str();
+    }
+}
+
+string Rational::raw_str() const {
+    return std::to_string(n) + "/" + std::to_string(d);
+}
+
+Rational& Rational::operator = (const Rational& rhs) {
+    if (this != &rhs) {
+        n = rhs.numerator();
+        d = rhs.denominator();
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+Rational Rational::operator + (const Rational& rhs) const {
+    return Rational((n * rhs.d) + (d * rhs.n), d * rhs.d);
+}
+
+Rational Rational::operator - (const Rational& rhs) const {
+    return Rational((n * rhs.d) - (d * rhs.n), d * rhs.d);
+}
+
+Rational Rational::operator * (const Rational& rhs) const {
+    return Rational(n * rhs.n, d * rhs.d);
+}
+
+Rational Rational::operator / (const Rational& rhs) const {
+    return Rational(n * rhs.d, d * rhs.n);
+}
+
+Rational::~Rational() {
+    n = 0; d = 1;
+}
+
+// formatter specialization
+template<>
+struct std::formatter<Rational>: std::formatter<unsigned> {
+    template<typename FormatContext>
+    auto format(const Rational& o, FormatContext& ctx) {
+        return format_to(ctx.out(), "{}", o.str());
+    }
+};
+
+int main() {
+    Rational a {7};         // 7/1
+    print("a is: {} = {}\n", a.raw_str(), a);
+
+    Rational b(25, 15);     // 5/3
+    print("b is: {} = {}\n", b.raw_str(), b);
+
+    auto c = b;     // copy constructor
+    print("c is: {} = {}\n", c.raw_str(), c);
+
+    Rational d;     // default constructor
+    print("d is: {} = {}\n", d.raw_str(), d);
+
+    d = c;          // assignment operator
+    print("d is: {} = {}\n", d.raw_str(), d);
+
+    auto& e = d;    // reference
+    d = e;          // assignment to self!
+    print("e is: {} = {}\n", e.raw_str(), e);
+    print("d is: {} = {}\n", d.raw_str(), d);
+
+    print("\n");
+    print("a + b = {}\n", a + b);
+    print("a - b = {}\n", a - b);
+    print("a * b = {}\n", a * b);
+    print("a / b = {}\n", a / b);
+}