Add the Pleim surface layer scheme to MPAS-A

[jherwehe]

This EPA_PXsfclay PR will add the Pleim surface layer scheme (Pleim,
2006) to MPAS-A as a new "config_sfclayer_scheme" option called
"sf_pxsfclay". The Pleim surface layer scheme code
(module_sf_pxsfclay.F) was migrated from WRFV4.4.1 with only minor
changes and has been generalized to work with either MPAS or WRF. Note
that this implementation of the Pleim surface layer in MPAS-A does not
yet support fractional sea ice, in contrast to the other available
surface layer schemes. The Pleim surface layer works with any LSM or
PBL scheme, but is normally used by the U.S. EPA in conjunction with the
PX LSM (a future PR) and the ACM2 PBL (PR #1002), along with FDDA
analysis nudging (PR #995) and the enhanced KF CPS (PR #994), for
retrospective air quality simulations. Refer to the descriptions in the
WRF-ARW technical document (available at
https://opensky.ucar.edu/islandora/object/opensky:2898) and in an
updated PX-ACM-WRFV4.4-MPASv7.3.pdf document (attached to this PR) for
additional information on this surface layer option.

The modifications in this PR for the Pleim surface layer scheme have
been tested with the Noah LSM, YSU PBL, KF CPS, WSM6 MP, YSU GWDO, and
RRTMG radiation physics schemes.

New namelist.atmosphere option added under &physics:
   config_sfclayer_scheme = 'sf_pxsfclay'

NOTE: These EPA_PXsfclay code changes to MPAS-A are based on the
22 August 2022 "develop" branch of MPAS v7.3.

Reference:
Pleim, J. E., 2006: A simple, efficient solution of flux-profile
   relationships in the atmospheric surface layer, J. Appl. Meteor.
   Climatol., 45, 341–347. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAM2339.1

[jherwehe]

PX-ACM-WRFV4.4-MPASv7.3.pdf

[ldfowler58]

Here are a couple of comments:

1. in mpas_atmphys_driver_sfclayer.F, I do no think that we need to have "case(sf_pxsfclay)" since it does not
   do anything. Please remove lines 351, 596, and 802. also, remove lines 1126-1148. also renamed the timer to
   sf_pxsfclay. We could change the comment line to something like

   Note that fractional sea-ice is currently not supported by PX. Therefore, we do not need to call pxsfclay
   over sea-ice points. What do you think?

2. I will let Michael look at the changes made to Makefile.

[jherwehe]

Reply for PR #1003 comments from ldfowler58 on 17 April 2024:

1. Agree on removing empty "case(sf_pxsfclay)" lines (351, 596, and 802), which leads to cleaner code. Those case statements had originally been included as placeholders just in case they were needed in the future.

   Also agree to the elimination of the commented-out placeholder lines for future code treatment of sea-ice, and agree to the renaming of the timer to sf_pxsfclay. Your suggested comment line is fine.

2. Sounds good. The only change to the ./src/core_atmosphere/physics/physics_wrf/Makefile is the addition of the line "module_sf_pxsfclay.o " so that the new PX surface layer code is compiled.

[jherwehe]

Referring back to my previous comment 1., there is a another occurrence of an empty "case(sf_pxsfclay)" around line 227 that should also be removed.

[ldfowler58]

I totally agree about removing line 227 and all other remaining empty "case(sf_pxsfclay)" in mpas_atmphys_driver_sfclayer.F. Once you have committed all the changes, I grab the sourcecode for updates to v8.2.1.
Thanks,
Laura