sql: add protobuf well known types automatically

[bosconi]

Motivation

When using Protobuf with a CSR connection, schemas that import well-known types fail to compile.

MaterializeInc/rust-protobuf-native#29 added a function to add the types from the already vendored version of the protobuf source.

This PR adds calling of that new function to the database, along with a test.

This PR supersedes #34635.

Checklist

• This PR has adequate test coverage / QA involvement has been duly considered. (trigger-ci for additional test/nightly runs)
• This PR has an associated up-to-date design doc, is a design doc (template), or is sufficiently small to not require a design.
• If this PR evolves an existing $T ⇔ Proto$T mapping (possibly in a backwards-incompatible way), then it is tagged with a T-proto label.
• If this PR will require changes to cloud orchestration or tests, there is a companion cloud PR to account for those changes that is tagged with the release-blocker label (example).
• If this PR includes major user-facing behavior changes, I have pinged the relevant PM to schedule a changelog post.

[DAlperin]

LGTM % test pass. Thank you very much!