chore: Modernize packaging

[edgarrmondragon]

• Disallow deprecated dash-separated and uppercase options in setup.cfg pypa/setuptools#4870
• [BUG] Version 78.0.1 breaks install of ansible-vault package pypa/setuptools#4910
• setuptools fails with "Invalid dash-separated key" or "Invalid uppercase key" astral-sh/uv#12440
• uv sync does not respect build-constraint-dependencies astral-sh/uv#12441
• Installation failures causes by setuptools 78 meltano/meltano#9157

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
0 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud

[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

This PR modernizes the packaging setup by transitioning from setup.py to a pyproject.toml configuration while updating metadata and dependency versions.

• Migrates packaging configuration to pyproject.toml
• Updates project metadata and dependency versions
• Removes the legacy setup.py file

Reviewed Changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 5 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
pyproject.toml	Introduces modern packaging metadata, dependencies, and build configuration
setup.py	Removes the legacy packaging file in favor of pyproject.toml

Files not reviewed (2)

• MANIFEST.in: Language not supported
• setup.cfg: Language not supported

Comments suppressed due to low confidence (1)

pyproject.toml:6

• [nitpick] Consider listing multiple authors as separate entries for clarity (e.g., one entry per author) so that tooling and consumers can parse the names more reliably.

{ name = "Meltano Team && Stitch" },