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26 changes: 26 additions & 0 deletions data-explorer/kusto-tocs/management/toc.yml
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- name: .show materialized-view(s) details
displayName: show materialized view details
href: /kusto/management/materialized-views/materialized-view-show-details-command?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: Graphs
items:
- name: Persistent graph overview
href: /kusto/management/graph/graph-persistent-overview?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: Graph models overview
href: /kusto/management/graph/graph-model-overview?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: .create-or-alter graph_model
href: /kusto/management/graph/graph-model-create-or-alter?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: .drop graph_model
href: /kusto/management/graph/graph-model-drop?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: .show graph_model
href: /kusto/management/graph/graph-model-show?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: .show graph_models
href: /kusto/management/graph/graph-models-show?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: Graph snapshot overview
href: /kusto/management/graph/graph-snapshot-overview?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: .make graph_snapshot
href: /kusto/management/graph/graph-snapshot-make?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: .drop graph_snapshot
href: /kusto/management/graph/graph-snapshot-drop?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: .drop graph_snapshots
href: /kusto/management/graph/graph-snapshots-drop?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: .show graph_snapshot
href: /kusto/management/graph/graph-snapshot-show?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: .show graph_snapshots
href: /kusto/management/graph/graph-snapshots-show?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: Stored query results
items:
- name: Stored query results
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13 changes: 6 additions & 7 deletions data-explorer/kusto-tocs/query/toc.yml
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displayName: count(predicate)
href: /kusto/query/countif-aggregation-function?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: covariance()
displayName: covariance()
href: /kusto/query/covariance-aggregation-function?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: covarianceif()
displayName: covarianceif()
href: /kusto/query/covarianceif-aggregation-function?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: covariancep()
displayName: covariancep()
href: /kusto/query/covariancep-aggregation-function?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: covariancepif()
displayName: covariancepif()
href: /kusto/query/covariancepif-aggregation-function?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: dcount()
href: /kusto/query/dcount-aggregation-function?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
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href: /kusto/query/variancepif-aggregation-function?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: Graph
items:
- name: Graph semantics overview
- name: Graph overview
href: /kusto/query/graph-semantics-overview?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: Graph best practices
href: /kusto/query/graph-best-practices?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
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items:
- name: Graph operators overview
href: /kusto/query/graph-operators?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: graph
href: /kusto/query/graph-operator?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: make-graph
href: /kusto/query/make-graph-operator?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: graph-match
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- name: inner_nodes()
displayName: inner nodes() graph function, inner nodes
href: /kusto/query/inner-nodes-graph-function?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: labels()
displayName: labels() graph function, labels
href: /kusto/query/labels-graph-function?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: node_degree_in()
displayName: graph, node, Node degree in node_degree_in, indegree node_degree_in
href: /kusto/query/node-degree-in?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
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href: /kusto/concepts/query-consistency?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: Query limits
href: /kusto/concepts/query-limits?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: Query resource consumption
href: /kusto/concepts/query-resource-consumption?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
- name: Partial query failures
href: /kusto/concepts/partial-query-failures?view=azure-data-explorer&preserve-view=true
items:
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### Graph model definition payload

The graph model definition payload is a JSON document that defines the structure and processing steps for the graph model. For detailed information about the graph model definition format, see [Graph model in Kusto - Overview](graph-model-overview.md).
The graph model definition payload is a JSON document that defines the structure and processing steps for the graph model. For detailed information about the graph model definition format, see [Graph model overview](graph-model-overview.md).

## Returns

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10 changes: 5 additions & 5 deletions data-explorer/kusto/management/graph/graph-model-overview.md
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---
title: Graph models in Azure Data Explorer - Overview and usage
description: Learn how to define, manage, and query persistent graph structures in Kusto
description: Learn how to define, manage, and query persistent graph structures
ms.reviewer: herauch
ms.topic: reference
ms.date: 05/24/2025
Expand All @@ -17,16 +17,16 @@ Graph models in Azure Data Explorer enable you to define, manage, and efficientl

## Overview

A graph model is a database object that represents a labeled property graph (LPG) within Azure Data Explorer. It consists of nodes (vertices) and edges (relationships), both of which can have properties that describe them. The model defines both the schema of the graph (node and edge types with their properties) and the process for constructing the graph from tabular data stored in Kusto tables.
A graph model is a database object that represents a labeled property graph (LPG) within Azure Data Explorer. It consists of nodes, also called vertices, and edges, also called relationships. Both nodes and edges can have properties that describe them. The model defines the schema of the graph, including node and edge types with their properties. It also defines the process for constructing the graph from tabular data stored in KQL Database tables and from tabular expressions.

## Key characteristics

Graph models in Kusto offer:
Graph models offer:

- **Metadata persistence**: Store graph specifications in database metadata for durability and reusability
- **Materialized snapshots**: Eliminate the need to rebuild graphs for each query, dramatically improving query performance
- **Schema definition**: Support optional but recommended defined schemas for nodes and edges, ensuring data consistency
- **Deep KQL integration**: Seamlessly integrate with Kusto Query Language (KQL) graph semantics
- **Deep KQL integration**: Seamlessly integrate with graph semantics
- **Optimized traversals**: Include specialized indexing for efficient graph traversal operations, making complex pattern matching and path-finding queries significantly faster

## When to use graph models
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* Snapshots include metadata such as creation time and the source graph model
* Snapshots enable querying the graph as it existed at a specific point in time

For more detailed information about working with graph snapshots, see [Graph snapshots in Kusto](graph-snapshot-overview.md).
For more detailed information about working with graph snapshots, see [Graph snapshots overview](graph-snapshot-overview.md).

## Querying Graph models

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---
title: Persistent graphs in Kusto - Overview
description: Learn about persistent graphs in Kusto, including graph models, snapshots, and management commands for scalable graph analytics.
title: Persistent graphs overview
description: Learn about persistent graphs, including graph models, snapshots, and management commands for scalable graph analytics.
ms.reviewer: herauch
ms.topic: reference
ms.date: 05/24/2025
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> [!NOTE]
> This feature is currently in public preview. Functionality and syntax are subject to change before General Availability.

Persistent graphs in Kusto enable you to store, manage, and query graph data structures at scale. Unlike transient graphs created with the [make-graph](../../query/make-graph-operator.md) operator, persistent graphs are durable database objects that persist beyond individual query executions, providing enterprise-grade graph analytics capabilities.
Persistent graphs enable you to store, manage, and query graph data structures at scale. Unlike transient graphs created with the [make-graph](../../query/make-graph-operator.md) operator, persistent graphs are durable database objects that persist beyond individual query executions, providing enterprise-grade graph analytics capabilities.

## Overview

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## Key considerations

This section describes key considerations and current limitations of graph models and snapshots in Kusto.
This section describes key considerations and current limitations of graph models and snapshots.

### Snapshot limitations

Persistent graphs in Kusto have the following limitations:
Persistent graphs have the following limitations:

- **Regular database limit**: Maximum of 5,000 graph snapshots per database
- **Free virtual cluster limit**: Maximum of 500 graph snapshots per database
Expand All @@ -123,5 +123,5 @@ Persistent graphs in Kusto have the following limitations:

* [Graph model overview](graph-model-overview.md)
* [Graph snapshot overview](graph-snapshot-overview.md)
* [Graph operators in Kusto](../../query/graph-operators.md)
* [Graph operators](../../query/graph-operators.md)
* [Graph best practices](../../query/graph-best-practices.md)
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---
title: Graph snapshots overview
description: Learn about graph snapshots in Kusto, including their structure, benefits, and how to create and query them for efficient graph data analysis.
description: Learn about graph snapshots, including their structure, benefits, and how to create and query them for efficient graph data analysis.
ms.reviewer: herauch
ms.topic: reference
ms.date: 05/24/2025
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8 changes: 4 additions & 4 deletions data-explorer/kusto/query/graph-best-practices.md
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Expand Up @@ -3,15 +3,15 @@ title: Best practices for Kusto Query Language (KQL) graph semantics
description: Learn about the best practices for Kusto Query Language (KQL) graph semantics.
ms.reviewer: herauch
ms.topic: conceptual
ms.date: 05/26/2025
ms.date: 05/29/2025
# Customer intent: As a data analyst, I want to learn about best practices for KQL graph semantics.
---

# Best practices for graph semantics

>[!INCLUDE [applies](../includes/applies-to-version/applies.md)] [!INCLUDE [fabric](../includes/applies-to-version/fabric.md)] [!INCLUDE [azure-data-explorer](../includes/applies-to-version/azure-data-explorer.md)] [!INCLUDE [monitor](../includes/applies-to-version/monitor.md)] [!INCLUDE [sentinel](../includes/applies-to-version/sentinel.md)]

Kusto supports two primary approaches for working with graphs: transient graphs created in-memory for each query, and persistent graphs defined as graph models and snapshots within the database. This article provides best practices for both methods, enabling you to select the optimal approach and use KQL graph semantics efficiently.
Graph semanitcs supports two primary approaches for working with graphs: transient graphs created in-memory for each query, and persistent graphs defined as graph models and snapshots within the database. This article provides best practices for both methods, enabling you to select the optimal approach and use KQL graph semantics efficiently.

This guidance covers:

Expand All @@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ This guidance covers:

:::moniker range="azure-data-explorer || microsoft-fabric"

## Graph modeling approaches in Kusto
## Graph modeling approaches

Kusto provides two approaches for working with graphs: transient and persistent.
There are two approaches for working with graphs: transient and persistent.

### Transient graphs

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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion data-explorer/kusto/query/graph-operators.md
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> [!INCLUDE [applies](../includes/applies-to-version/applies.md)] [!INCLUDE [fabric](../includes/applies-to-version/fabric.md)] [!INCLUDE [azure-data-explorer](../includes/applies-to-version/azure-data-explorer.md)] [!INCLUDE [monitor](../includes/applies-to-version/monitor.md)] [!INCLUDE [sentinel](../includes/applies-to-version/sentinel.md)]

Kusto Query Language (KQL) graph operators enable graph analysis of data by representing tabular data as a graph with nodes and edges, or by referencing persistent graph entities. This setup lets you use graph operations to study the connections and relationships between different data points.
Graph operators enable graph analysis of data by representing tabular data as a graph with nodes and edges, or by referencing persistent graph entities. This setup lets you use graph operations to study the connections and relationships between different data points.

Graph analysis can be performed using either transient graphs (created dynamically from tabular data using [make-graph](make-graph-operator.md)) or persistent graphs (referenced using the [graph](graph-function.md) function). Once a graph is established, you can use graph operators such as [graph-match](graph-match-operator.md), [graph-shortest-paths](graph-shortest-paths-operator.md), and [graph-to-table](graph-to-table-operator.md) to analyze relationships, find patterns, and transform results back into tabular form for further processing.

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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions data-explorer/kusto/query/graph-scenarios.md
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>[!INCLUDE [applies](../includes/applies-to-version/applies.md)] [!INCLUDE [fabric](../includes/applies-to-version/fabric.md)] [!INCLUDE [azure-data-explorer](../includes/applies-to-version/azure-data-explorer.md)] [!INCLUDE [monitor](../includes/applies-to-version/monitor.md)] [!INCLUDE [sentinel](../includes/applies-to-version/sentinel.md)]

Graph semantics in Kusto Query Language (KQL) enables modeling and querying data as interconnected networks. This approach excels at representing complex data with many-to-many relationships, hierarchical structures, and networked systems—including social networks, recommendation engines, connected assets, and knowledge graphs.
Graph semantics enables modeling and querying data as interconnected networks. This approach excels at representing complex data with many-to-many relationships, hierarchical structures, and networked systems—including social networks, recommendation engines, connected assets, and knowledge graphs.

This article explores the following common scenarios for using KQL graph semantics:

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ Graph semantics enables comprehensive digital twin modeling through:

### Graph historization for temporal analysis

A critical aspect of digital twin management is capturing and analyzing temporal changes. By historizing graph changes in Kusto, organizations can:
A critical aspect of digital twin management is capturing and analyzing temporal changes. By historizing graph changes, organizations can:

1. **Track evolution over time** - Monitor how physical spaces and systems change
2. **Conduct historical analysis** - Identify patterns and trends in utilization and performance
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