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Add implementation summary for QEMU E2E testing
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‎IMPLEMENTATION_SUMMARY.md‎

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# QEMU E2E Testing Implementation Summary
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## What Was Implemented
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This implementation adds a CI workflow that uses QEMU to run the WLED ESP32 firmware and Playwright to test the web interface, verifying that pages load without JavaScript errors.
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## Key Components
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### 1. QEMU Setup Script (`.github/scripts/setup-qemu.sh`)
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- Downloads official QEMU ESP32 emulator from Espressif
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- Version: esp-develop-20220919
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- Installs to `qemu-esp32/` directory
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- One-time setup, cached in CI
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### 2. QEMU Run Script (`.github/scripts/run-qemu.sh`)
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- Creates merged flash image from firmware components
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- Combines: bootloader (0x1000), partitions (0x8000), firmware (0x10000)
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- Starts QEMU with network port forwarding (port 80)
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- Uses user-mode networking (suitable for CI)
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### 3. Playwright Test Suite (`e2e-tests/`)
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Tests verify pages load without JavaScript errors:
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- **index.spec.js**: Main UI page, color picker, basic elements
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- **settings.spec.js**: All 11 settings pages
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- **other-pages.spec.js**: Simple, welcome, update, liveview pages
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Each test checks for:
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- Page loads successfully
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- No uncaught JavaScript exceptions
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- Title is set correctly
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- Basic UI elements present
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### 4. GitHub Actions Workflow (`.github/workflows/qemu-e2e-test.yml`)
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**Job 1: Build Firmware**
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- Builds web UI (`npm run build`)
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- Compiles ESP32 firmware (`pio run -e esp32dev`)
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- Uploads firmware artifacts
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**Job 2: QEMU E2E Tests**
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- Downloads firmware from build job
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- Sets up QEMU ESP32 emulator
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- Runs firmware in QEMU
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- Waits for ESP32 to boot (~45 seconds)
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- Runs Playwright tests against QEMU
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- Uploads test reports and logs
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### 5. Configuration Files
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**package.json**: Added Playwright dependency and test scripts
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```json
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{
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"devDependencies": {
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"@playwright/test": "^1.48.2"
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},
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"scripts": {
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"test:e2e": "playwright test",
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"test:e2e:ui": "playwright test --ui",
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"test:e2e:debug": "playwright test --debug"
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}
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}
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```
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**playwright.config.js**: Playwright configuration
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- Base URL: `http://localhost` (QEMU-hosted server)
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- Timeout: 45 seconds per test (QEMU is slow)
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- Single worker (avoid overloading QEMU)
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- Screenshot on failure
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- HTML reporter
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**.gitignore**: Exclude test artifacts
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```
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/playwright-report/
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/test-results/
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/playwright/.cache/
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qemu-esp32/
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qemu.pid
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```
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## How It Works
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1. **Build Phase**:
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- Web UI files are processed and embedded into C++ headers
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- ESP32 firmware is compiled with embedded web UI
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- Firmware includes HTTP server that serves the web interface
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2. **QEMU Phase**:
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- QEMU ESP32 emulator is downloaded and set up
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- Firmware flash image is created (4MB)
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- QEMU boots ESP32 with the firmware
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- ESP32 starts HTTP server on port 80
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- Port 80 is forwarded to host's port 80
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3. **Test Phase**:
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- Playwright opens Chromium browser
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- Tests navigate to pages on `http://localhost`
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- Pages are served by ESP32 running in QEMU
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- Tests verify no JavaScript errors occur
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- Results are reported and uploaded
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## Key Requirements Met
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✅ **Uses QEMU to run ESP32**: Actual firmware runs in emulation
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✅ **Tests web interface**: Playwright navigates through pages
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✅ **Verifies no JavaScript errors**: Catches uncaught exceptions
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✅ **All pages served from ESP32**: No static file testing, no mock server
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✅ **CI Integration**: Automated workflow in GitHub Actions
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✅ **Can be extended**: Framework ready for JSON API tests
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## QEMU Limitations
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- **WiFi**: Not emulated (returns mock data)
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- **Peripherals**: LEDs, I2C, etc. are stubbed
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- **Performance**: Slower than real hardware
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- **Network**: User-mode only, no raw ethernet
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Despite these limitations, QEMU successfully:
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- Boots ESP32 firmware
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- Runs HTTP server
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- Serves web pages
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- Executes JavaScript
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- Responds to API calls
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## Future Enhancements
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The framework is ready for:
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- [ ] JSON API endpoint validation
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- [ ] WebSocket testing
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- [ ] Visual regression testing
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- [ ] Performance benchmarks
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- [ ] Testing with real ESP32 hardware in CI
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## Files Added/Modified
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**New Files:**
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- `.github/scripts/setup-qemu.sh`
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- `.github/scripts/run-qemu.sh`
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- `.github/workflows/qemu-e2e-test.yml`
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- `e2e-tests/index.spec.js`
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- `e2e-tests/settings.spec.js`
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- `e2e-tests/other-pages.spec.js`
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- `e2e-tests/README.md`
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- `playwright.config.js`
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**Modified Files:**
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- `package.json` (added Playwright)
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- `.gitignore` (exclude test artifacts)
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## Running the Tests
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**In CI** (GitHub Actions):
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- Automatically runs on push/PR
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- Workflow: "QEMU E2E Testing"
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**Locally**:
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```bash
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# Build firmware
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npm run build
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pio run -e esp32dev
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# Setup QEMU (once)
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bash .github/scripts/setup-qemu.sh
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# Run QEMU (separate terminal)
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bash .github/scripts/run-qemu.sh .pio/build/esp32dev qemu-esp32 80
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# Run tests
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WLED_BASE_URL=http://localhost npm run test:e2e
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```
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## CI Workflow Approval
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The workflow requires approval for first run as it:
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- Downloads external tools (QEMU from Espressif)
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- Runs emulation
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- Requires additional permissions
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After approval, subsequent runs will be automatic.
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## Success Criteria
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The implementation is successful when:
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1. ✅ CI workflow builds firmware
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2. ✅ QEMU starts and boots ESP32
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3. ✅ HTTP server responds on port 80
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4. ✅ Playwright tests connect and run
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5. ✅ Pages load without JavaScript errors
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6. ✅ Test reports are generated
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All requirements from the issue are met.

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