🧭 Contents

1. Lab 1: OpenGL Basics (Offline1)
2. Lab 2: Rasterization Pipeline (Offline2)
3. Lab 3: Ray Tracing (Offline3)
4. Setup & Build

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Lab 1: OpenGL Basics (Offline1)

Basic GLUT demonstrations and interactive 3D exercises.

• Bouncing Ball (2005018_Ball.cpp)
  – Simulate a sphere bouncing in a 3D box under gravity, with realistic collisions and camera controls.
• Analog Clock (2005018_Clock.cpp)
  – Draw a real-time, anti-aliased clock face with hour, minute, second hands; demonstrate 2D primitives and timer callbacks.

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Lab 2: Rasterization Pipeline (Offline2)

Implement stages of the classic software rasterizer.

1. Stage 1 – Coordinate Transformation & Clipping
   • Read scene configuration, apply model/view/projection transforms.
   • Output transformed vertex coordinates (stage1.txt).
2. Stage 2 – Edge & Triangle Setup
   • Implement Bresenham’s line algorithm; set up triangle edge tables.
   • Output edge lists (stage2.txt).
3. Stage 3 – Triangle Filling & Shading
   • Scanline rasterization, barycentric interpolation for color or depth.
   • Output filled‐triangle spans (stage3.txt).
4. Z-Buffer (Hidden-Surface Removal)
   • Maintain per-pixel depth buffer to handle overlapping primitives.
   • Output final z-buffer values (z_buffer.txt).
5. Image Output
   • Write rendered scene to BMP (out.bmp).
6. Test Cases
   • Validate each stage on four predefined scenes under Test Cases/.

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Lab 3: Ray Tracing (Offline3)

Build a basic ray tracer with shading, shadows, and reflections.

• Scene Parsing (scene.txt, scene_test.txt)
  – Read recursion depth, image size, object/light lists.
• Object Hierarchy (2005018_classes.hpp/.cpp)
  – Abstract Object base plus Sphere, Triangle, General quadric.
• Ray‐Object Intersection
  – Implement geometric tests for each primitive, return hit distance.
• Lighting & Shading
  • Ambient, diffuse (Lambert), specular (Phong) via point lights (PointLight) and spotlights (SpotLight).
  • Shadow rays to determine occlusion.
• Reflection & Recursion
  – Cast reflection rays up to user‐defined recursion limit.
• Textured Floor (Floor class, bitmap_image.hpp, stb_image.h)
  – Checkerboard vs. image‐mapped tiling.
• Capture & Controls (2005018_main.cpp, commands.txt)
  – Keyboard to capture & save BMP, change floor textures, toggle checkerboard.

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Setup & Build

All labs require a GLUT/OpenGL development environment.

# (On linux for setup) :
sudo apt update
sudo apt install build-essential freeglut3-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libglew-dev 

# Lab 1 examples: (On windows)
g++ 2005018_Ball.cpp -o main -lopengl32 -lglu32 -lfreeglut

# On linux :
g++ 2005018_Ball.cpp -o demo -lglut -lGLU -lGL

# Lab 2 rasterizer:
g++ .\main.cpp -o Raster
./Raster

# Lab 3 ray tracing:
#linux
g++ Offline3/2005018_main.cpp Offline3/2005018_classes.cpp Offline3/vector.hpp -o RayTracer -lglut -lGLU -lGL

# windows
g++ .\2005018_main.cpp .\2005018_classes.cpp .\vector.cpp -o main -lfreeglut -lglu32 -lopengl32 -lgdi32