feat: Refactor stateless executor

tools/Stateless/Executor/Executor.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <AssemblyName>Nethermind.Stateless.Executor</AssemblyName>
+    <RootNamespace>Nethermind.Stateless.Execution</RootNamespace>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\src\Nethermind\Nethermind.Core\Nethermind.Core.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\src\Nethermind\Nethermind.Facade\Nethermind.Facade.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\src\Nethermind\Nethermind.Db\Nethermind.Db.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\src\Nethermind\Nethermind.Trie\Nethermind.Trie.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\src\Nethermind\Nethermind.Evm\Nethermind.Evm.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\src\Nethermind\Nethermind.Specs\Nethermind.Specs.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\src\Nethermind\Nethermind.Consensus\Nethermind.Consensus.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\src\Nethermind\Nethermind.Logging.NLog\Nethermind.Logging.NLog.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\src\Nethermind\Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp\Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>

tools/Stateless/Stateless.slnx

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<Solution>
+  <Project Path="Executor/Executor.csproj" />
+  <Project Path="ZiskGuest/ZiskGuest.csproj" />
+</Solution>
+

tools/Stateless/ZiskGuest/Dockerfile.bflat

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+FROM nethermindeth/bflat-riscv64:latest
+
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends strace gdb file

tools/Stateless/ZiskGuest/Dockerfile.zisk

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+FROM rust:latest
+
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+  libomp-dev \
+  libopenmpi-dev \
+  libsodium-dev && \
+  rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+RUN curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/0xPolygonHermez/zisk/main/ziskup/ziskup | bash -s -- --nokey
+
+ENV PATH="/root/.zisk/bin:${PATH}"
+
+WORKDIR /n
+
+COPY bin/nethermind .
+
+CMD ["tail", "-f", "/dev/null"]

tools/Stateless/ZiskGuest/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+MAKEFILE_DIR := $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(abspath $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)))))
+ARTIFACTS_DIR := $(abspath $(MAKEFILE_DIR)/../../artifacts/bin/ZiskGuest/release)
+BIN_DIR := /nethermind/bin
+SRC_DIR := /nethermind/src
+
+BFLAT_BUILD := bflat build -x --verbose \
+  --arch riscv64 \
+  --os linux \
+  --stdlib dotnet \
+  --no-pthread \
+  --no-pie \
+  --nostdlibrefs \
+  --no-stacktrace-data \
+  --no-globalization
+BFLAT_REFS := \
+  -r {std}/Microsoft.Win32.Primitives.dll \
+  -r {std}/netstandard.dll \
+  -r {std}/System.Collections.dll \
+  -r {std}/System.Collections.Concurrent.dll \
+  -r {std}/System.Collections.Immutable.dll \
+  -r {std}/System.ComponentModel.Primitives.dll \
+  -r {std}/System.Console.dll \
+  -r {std}/System.Diagnostics.DiagnosticSource.dll \
+  -r {std}/System.Diagnostics.Process.dll \
+  -r {std}/System.Diagnostics.StackTrace.dll \
+  -r {std}/System.Diagnostics.Tracing.dll \
+  -r {std}/System.IO.Pipes.dll \
+  -r {std}/System.Linq.dll \
+  -r {std}/System.Memory.dll \
+  -r {std}/System.Net.Primitives.dll \
+  -r {std}/System.Net.Sockets.dll \
+  -r {std}/System.Reflection.Metadata.dll \
+  -r {std}/System.Runtime.dll \
+  -r {std}/System.Runtime.InteropServices.dll \
+  -r {std}/System.Runtime.Intrinsics.dll \
+  -r {std}/System.Runtime.Numerics.dll \
+  -r {std}/System.Security.Cryptography.dll \
+  -r {std}/System.Text.RegularExpressions.dll \
+  -r {std}/System.Threading.dll \
+  -r {std}/System.Threading.Tasks.Parallel.dll \
+  -r {std}/System.Threading.Thread.dll \
+  -r {std}/System.Threading.ThreadPool.dll \
+  -r $(BIN_DIR)/Microsoft.Extensions.ObjectPool.dll \
+  -r $(BIN_DIR)/Nethermind.Abi.dll \
+  -r $(BIN_DIR)/Nethermind.Blockchain.dll \
+  -r $(BIN_DIR)/Nethermind.Consensus.dll \
+  -r $(BIN_DIR)/Nethermind.Core.dll \
+  -r $(BIN_DIR)/Nethermind.Crypto.dll \
+  -r $(BIN_DIR)/Nethermind.Db.dll \
+  -r $(BIN_DIR)/Nethermind.Evm.dll \
+  -r $(BIN_DIR)/Nethermind.Evm.Precompiles.dll \
+  -r $(BIN_DIR)/Nethermind.Facade.dll \
+  -r $(BIN_DIR)/Nethermind.Int256.dll \
+  -r $(BIN_DIR)/Nethermind.Logging.dll \
+  -r $(BIN_DIR)/Nethermind.Serialization.Rlp.dll \
+  -r $(BIN_DIR)/Nethermind.Specs.dll \
+  -r $(BIN_DIR)/Nethermind.State.dll \
+  -r $(BIN_DIR)/Nethermind.Stateless.Executor.dll \
+  -r $(BIN_DIR)/Nethermind.Trie.dll \
+  -r $(BIN_DIR)/Nethermind.TxPool.dll \
+  -r $(BIN_DIR)/BouncyCastle.Cryptography.dll \
+  -r $(BIN_DIR)/NonBlocking.dll \
+  -r $(BIN_DIR)/FastEnum.Core.dll
+BFLAT_SRC := \
+  $(SRC_DIR)/Program.cs \
+  $(SRC_DIR)/Zisk.Memory.cs \
+  $(SRC_DIR)/Zisk.Precompiles.cs
+
+DOCKER_RUN := docker run --platform linux/amd64 --rm \
+  -e DOTNET_TYPELOADER_TRACE_INTERFACE_RESOLUTION=0 \
+  -w $(SRC_DIR) \
+  --mount type=bind,source="$(ARTIFACTS_DIR)",target=$(BIN_DIR) \
+  --mount type=bind,source="$(MAKEFILE_DIR)",target=$(SRC_DIR) \
+  bflat-riscv64-local
+
+build-docker-bflat:
+	docker build --platform linux/amd64 -f $(MAKEFILE_DIR)/Dockerfile.bflat -t bflat-riscv64-local $(MAKEFILE_DIR)
+
+build-dotnet:
+	dotnet build -c release -p:EnableZkvm=true $(MAKEFILE_DIR)/ZiskGuest.csproj
+
+build-zisk: clean build-dotnet build-docker-bflat
+	$(DOCKER_RUN) $(BFLAT_BUILD) --libc zisk $(BFLAT_REFS) $(BFLAT_SRC) \
+		--extlib https://github.com/NethermindEth/bflat-libziskos:pre-develop-0.16.0
+	mkdir -p $(MAKEFILE_DIR)/bin && \
+		mv -f $(MAKEFILE_DIR)/Program.patched $(MAKEFILE_DIR)/bin/nethermind && \
+		rm -f $(MAKEFILE_DIR)/Program $(MAKEFILE_DIR)/Program.o
+
+build-zisk-sim: clean build-dotnet build-docker-bflat
+	$(DOCKER_RUN) $(BFLAT_BUILD) --libc zisk_sim $(BFLAT_REFS) $(BFLAT_SRC)
+	mkdir -p $(MAKEFILE_DIR)/bin && \
+		mv -f $(MAKEFILE_DIR)/Program $(MAKEFILE_DIR)/bin/nethermind && \
+		rm -f $(MAKEFILE_DIR)/Program.o
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf \
+		$(MAKEFILE_DIR)/bin/** \
+		$(MAKEFILE_DIR)/Program \
+		$(MAKEFILE_DIR)/Program.patched \
+		$(MAKEFILE_DIR)/Program.o
+
+run-zisk: build-zisk
+	docker build --platform linux/amd64 -f $(MAKEFILE_DIR)/Dockerfile.zisk -t zisk $(MAKEFILE_DIR)
+	docker run --rm -it -e RUST_BACKTRACE=full zisk ziskemu -e /n/nethermind
+
+.PHONY: build-docker-bflat build-dotnet build-zisk build-zisk-sim clean run-zisk

tools/Stateless/ZiskGuest/Program.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+using Nethermind.Core.Crypto;
+using Nethermind.Stateless.Execution;
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
+
+namespace Nethermind.Stateless.ZiskGuest;
+
+class Program
+{
+    static int Main()
+    {
+        // TODO: Replace with Zisk.ReadInput() and parse the input into the expected format for StatelessExecutor
+        Zisk.WriteLine("hella good");
+
+        (int status, Hash256 hash) = StatelessExecutor.Execute();
+
+        if (status == 0)
+        {
+            var size = sizeof(uint);
+
+            for (int i = 0, count = hash.Bytes.Length / size; i < count; i++)
+            {
+                var start = i * size;
+
+                Zisk.SetOutput(i, BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32BigEndian(hash.Bytes[start..(start + size)]));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return status;
+    }
+}

tools/Stateless/ZiskGuest/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Nethermind guest for Zisk
+
+Building the guest app requires Linux and Docker.
+
+### Usage
+
+To build an ELF binary for Zisk, run the following:
+
+```bash
+make build-zisk
+```
+
+The resulting binary can be found in `bin/nethermind`.
+
+To execute Nethermind guest in Zisk, run the following (invokes the previous step automatically):
+
+```bash
+make run-zisk
+```
+
+For details, see the [Makefile](./Makefile).

tools/Stateless/ZiskGuest/Zisk.Memory.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+
+namespace Nethermind.Stateless.ZiskGuest;
+
+public static unsafe partial class Zisk
+{
+    private const ulong INPUT_ADDR = 0x90000000UL;
+    private const ulong OUTPUT_ADDR = 0xa0010000UL;
+    private const ulong UART_ADDR = 0xa0000200UL;
+
+    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+    public static byte[] ReadInput()
+    {
+        byte* sizePtr = (byte*)(INPUT_ADDR + 8);
+        ulong size = 0;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
+            size |= ((ulong)sizePtr[i]) << (i * 8);
+
+        if (size == 0) return [];
+
+        byte[] result = new byte[size];
+        byte* dataPtr = (byte*)(INPUT_ADDR + 16);
+
+        for (ulong i = 0; i < size; i++)
+            result[i] = dataPtr[i];
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+    public static void SetOutput(int id, uint value)
+    {
+        if (id < 0 || id >= 64) return;
+
+        uint* baseAddr = (uint*)OUTPUT_ADDR;
+        uint currentCount = *baseAddr;
+
+        if (id + 1 > currentCount)
+            *baseAddr = (uint)(id + 1);
+
+        *(baseAddr + 1 + id) = value;
+    }
+
+    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+    public static void WriteChar(char c)
+    {
+        *(byte*)UART_ADDR = (byte)c;
+    }
+
+    public static void WriteString(string s)
+    {
+        for (int i = 0; i < s.Length; i++)
+            WriteChar(s[i]);
+    }
+
+    public static void WriteLine(string s)
+    {
+        WriteString(s);
+        WriteChar('\n');
+    }
+
+    /// Read 64-bit unsigned integer from byte array (little-endian)
+    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+    public static ulong ReadUInt64(byte[] data, int offset = 0)
+    {
+        if (data.Length < offset + 8) return 0;
+
+        ulong result = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
+            result |= ((ulong)data[offset + i]) << (i * 8);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /// Read 32-bit unsigned integer from byte array (little-endian)
+    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+    public static uint ReadUInt32(byte[] data, int offset = 0)
+    {
+        if (data.Length < offset + 4) return 0;
+
+        uint result = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+            result |= ((uint)data[offset + i]) << (i * 8);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /// Output 64-bit value as two 32-bit outputs
+    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+    public static void SetOutput64(int baseId, ulong value)
+    {
+        SetOutput(baseId, (uint)(value & 0xFFFFFFFF));
+        SetOutput(baseId + 1, (uint)(value >> 32));
+    }
+}

tools/Stateless/ZiskGuest/Zisk.Precompiles.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Demerzel Solutions Limited
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+
+#pragma warning disable CA1401 // P/Invokes should not be visible
+#pragma warning disable SYSLIB1054 // Use 'LibraryImportAttribute' instead of 'DllImportAttribute' to generate P/Invoke marshalling code at compile time
+
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Nethermind.Stateless.ZiskGuest;
+
+public static unsafe partial class Zisk
+{
+    public static class Precompiles
+    {
+        [DllImport("__Internal")]
+        public static extern byte bls12_381_g2_add_c(byte* ret, byte* a, byte* b);
+
+        [DllImport("__Internal")]
+        public static extern byte bls12_381_g2_msm_c(byte* ret, byte* pairs, nuint num_pairs);
+
+        [DllImport("__Internal")]
+        public static extern byte bls12_381_pairing_check_c(byte* pairs, nuint num_pairs);
+
+        [DllImport("__Internal")]
+        public static extern byte bn254_g1_add_c(byte* p1, byte* p2, byte* ret);
+
+        [DllImport("__Internal")]
+        public static extern byte bn254_g1_mul_c(byte* point, byte* scalar, byte* ret);
+
+        [DllImport("__Internal")]
+        public static extern byte bn254_pairing_check_c(byte* pairs, nuint num_pairs);
+
+        [DllImport("__Internal")]
+        public static extern nuint modexp_bytes_c(
+            byte* base_ptr,
+            nuint base_len,
+            byte* exp_ptr, 
+            nuint exp_len,
+            byte* modulus_ptr,
+            nuint modulus_len,
+            byte* result_ptr
+        );
+    }
+}

tools/Stateless/ZiskGuest/ZiskGuest.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
+    <RootNamespace>Nethermind.Stateless.ZiskGuest</RootNamespace>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\Executor\Executor.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>