ci: optimize Docker build workflow and update actions

[DeVikingMark]

Description of Changes

This PR improves the performance and reliability of the Docker image build workflow for promrated by:

• Adding Docker layer caching
• Updating all GitHub Actions to the latest stable versions
• Fixing a typo in the workflow name
• Modernizing deprecated command syntax

Details of Changes

• Added actions/cache@v3 for Docker layer caching
• Updated versions of actions:
  • actions/checkout@v3 → v4
  • docker/setup-qemu-action@v1 → v3
  • docker/setup-buildx-action@v1 → v3
  • docker/metadata-action@v3 → v5
  • docker/build-push-action@v4 → v5
  • peter-evans/repository-dispatch@v2 → v3
• Replaced deprecated set-output syntax with GITHUB_OUTPUT
• Fixed typo "Deply" → "Deploy" in the workflow name

Performance Impact

• Docker layer caching will significantly speed up subsequent builds
• Using the latest versions of actions ensures better performance and security

Testing

• Workflow runs successfully
• Docker image builds and publishes correctly
• Caching works between builds

category: misc
ticket: none

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
0 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud

[apham0001]

LGTM

[KaloyanTanev]

@DeVikingMark can you rebase your PR on top of the main branch? After that we'll merge it :).

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
0 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud