Add erc4626

[andrew-fleming]

Fixes #277

PR Checklist

• Tests
• [ ] Documentation Add erc4626 docs #1244
• Added entry to CHANGELOG.md
• Tried the feature on a public network

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...still a WIP. The tests need to be refactored and improved. The idea was to make sure the logic works as expected so there's a standard (from the openzeppelin solidity tests) for any and all changes moving forward.

Some things to note and discuss:

Decimals

EIP4626 states at the end of the doc:

Although the convertTo functions should eliminate the need for any use of an EIP-4626 Vault’s decimals variable, it is still strongly recommended to mirror the underlying token’s decimals if at all possible, to eliminate possible sources of confusion and simplify integration across front-ends and for other off-chain users.

The OpenZeppelin solidity implementation checks for the underlying asset's tokens upon construction with a try/catch which defaults to 18 decimals if query fails. Given Starknet's current status with try/catch (✌️ dual dispatchers), this doesn't seem like a viable approach. If the vault is for an undeployed token, the deployment will fail. This PR proposes that the decimals (both underlying decimals and offset decimals) are explicitly defined by the contract through the ImmutableConfig.

Math

u512 Precision math for multiply and divide (u256_mul_div)

This PR leverages the corelib's wide_mul and u512_safe_div_rem_by_u256 for mathematical precision. This is set as a tmp solution and should be scrutinized further. More tests should be provided and we should look for ways to optimize.

Exponentiation

This PR requires exponentiation for converting to shares and assets. The current implementation is the brute force formula. We can definitely improve this.

This was added to the corelib (starkware-libs/cairo#6694). Will update when released Updated.

FeeConfigTrait

This PR proposes to utilize FeeConfigTrait (which is really like a hook) for contracts to integrate entry and exit fees for preview_ fns. The state-changing methods of ERC4626 rely on preview_ to determine the number of assets or shares to exchange.

Another approach that can reduce the verbosity of the traits/hooks is to have a single adjust_assets_or_shares function that accepts an ExchangeType.

    #[derive(Drop, Copy)]
    pub enum ExchangeType {
        Deposit,
        Withdraw,
        Mint,
        Redeem
    }

    pub trait ERC4626HooksTrait<TContractState> {
        (...)

        fn adjust_assets_or_shares(
            self: @ComponentState<TContractState>, exchange_type: ExchangeType, raw_amount: u256
        ) -> u256 {
            raw_amount
        }
    }

    /// Component method example
    fn preview_mint(self: @ComponentState<TContractState>, shares: u256) -> u256 {
        let raw_amount = self._convert_to_assets(shares, Rounding::Ceil);
        Hooks::adjust_assets_or_shares(self, ExchangeType::Deposit, raw_amount)
    }

The downside though is I think it's easy to misuse i.e.

#[starknet::contract]
mod Contract {
    (...)

    impl ERC4626HooksImpl of ERC4626Component::ERC4626HooksTrait<ContractState> {
        fn adjust_assets_or_shares(
            self: @ERC4626Component::ComponentState<ContractState>, exchange_type: ExchangeType, raw_amount: u256
        ) -> u256 {
            match exchange_type {
                ExchangeType::Mint => {
                    // do something
                },
                ExchangeType::Deposit => {
                    // do something
                },
                ExchangeType::Withdraw => {
                    // do something
                },
                ExchangeType::Redeem => {
                    // do something
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

IMO having a dedicated function for each exchange type is more difficult to mess up...but it's at the cost of some verbosity.

LimitsConfigTrait

This mirrors the FeeConfigTrait except that these target the limits on the max_ methods and return an Option so Option::None can point to the default. Same arguments apply for not having a single trait/hook with an ExchangeType parameter.

before_withdraw and after_deposit hooks

The before_withdraw and after_deposit hooks take inspiration from solmate's solidity implementation of erc4626. These hooks are where contracts can transfer fees calculated from the FeeConfigTrait in the implementing contract. See the Fees mock to see how this works in the proposed PR.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 89.41%. Comparing base (0676415) to head (3cddacf).
Report is 33 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1170      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   92.26%   89.41%   -2.86%     
==========================================
  Files          59       81      +22     
  Lines        1811     3496    +1685     
==========================================
+ Hits         1671     3126    +1455     
- Misses        140      370     +230     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
...s/token/src/erc20/extensions/erc4626/erc4626.cairo	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...token/src/erc20/extensions/erc4626/interface.cairo	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
packages/utils/src/math.cairo	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)

... and 78 files with indirect coverage changes

---

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[ericnordelo]

Great work @andrew-fleming! Left some non-blocking suggestions.

[ericnordelo]

Why the leading underscore?

[andrew-fleming]

No good reason. Fixed!

[ericnordelo]

Is this value used?

[andrew-fleming]

Nope, fixed!

[andrew-fleming]

@ericnordelo when we have with_components finalized, I think we can make an erc4626 extension for basic entry/exit fees to make it easy to quickstart and improve dx. I suppose we could include it now, but it's a lot more boilerplate

[immrsd]

Good job, left a few minor suggestions

[ericnordelo]

Left two extra small suggestions, but besides looks ready to be merged.

[immrsd]

Great job on making the last improvements! Left a single tiny suggestion