feat: Implement Finite Automata Algorithm for Pattern Searching

[Sphinxcastor]

This pull request adds a new implementation of the Finite Automaton pattern searching algorithm in Python. The code provides both a basic and an optimized approach to construct the automaton for efficient pattern matching, along with example usages demonstrating its functionality.

Algorithm implementation:

• Introduced a FiniteAutomaton class in finite_automaton_pattern_search.py, which builds a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) for a given pattern and supports searching for all pattern occurrences in a text.
• Added an optimized transition function builder build_optimized_transition_function for improved performance, especially with large alphabets.
• Provided a convenience function finite_automaton_search that combines pattern and text alphabets, builds the automaton, and returns all match positions.

Documentation and examples:

• Included comprehensive docstrings and comments explaining the algorithm, its time complexity, and usage details.
• Added a main block with multiple example cases (including DNA matching and cases with no match) to demonstrate the algorithm’s usage and output.

[github-actions]

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[github-actions]

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[Karanjot786]

it is good to go @Pradeepsingh61 merge it and @Sphinxcastor thanks for this PR