Drop v18, add v24 to GitHub Node.JS CI workflow

[lutzhelm]

v18 dropped out of support two months ago; v24 as upcoming LTS is out since May 6th.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 94.91%. Comparing base (92f1c08) to head (f05192e).
Report is 11 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #4161   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   94.91%   94.91%           
=======================================
  Files         325      325           
  Lines       16152    16152           
  Branches     2535     2535           
=======================================
  Hits        15331    15331           
  Misses        816      816           
  Partials        5        5           

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